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Average per year for the period.

Statistical Abstract of the U. S.-Report of the Department of Agriculture.

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If piled up in Madison Square the crops of this year would completely swamp the Metropolitan tower.

OVER HALF THE CEREAL ACREAGE IN CORN.

In the United States as a whole a little more than one-half of the acreage devoted to cereals is in corn, a little less than one-fourth in wheat, and slightly less than one-sixth in oats. In each of the nine divisions, except the Pacific, the three leading cereals-corn, wheat, and oats occupy, as in the United States at large, much more than three-fourths of the

total cereal acreage. In the Pacific states the acreage of corn is insignificant, and that of barley exceeds that of oats. Corn occupies the leading place in the important cereal-producing regions, but in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions the first place is held by oats, and in the Pacific and Mountain divisions by wheat.

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HAY CROP: ESTIMATED ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, 1911.

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INITIATIVE AND

The "initiative" is a political device by which the people are enabled to pass laws or ordinances without change or modification by the ordinary legislative bodies. It has been called the positive or constructive side of direct legislation, just as the referendum, which enables the people to reject proposed laws, is the negative side. By this method a minority ranging in number from 5 to 25 per cent. may file a petition for a law, or, when a city, an ordinance. The measure must then, without change or revision, go before the people for their judgment, and, if it is approved by a majority of the votes cast, it becomes law without further process. Laws and ordinances so passed are not subject to veto.

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REFERENDUM.

The "referendum" may be defined as the submission of a proposed law, or ordinance, which has been passed by the people's representative in a legislature or council, t a vote of the people for ratification or rejection. It has been in use in a restricted form, in the United States for many years, especially in passing upon constitutions and constitutional amendments. It is only since 1898, however, that the referendum, in connection with the initiative, has been used as an instrument of direct legislation both by states and cities. The states which have adopted the initiative and referendum are Arkansas, California, Colorado, Illinois, Maine, Missouri, Montana. Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota and Utah. Nevada has adopted the referendum only.

RECALL.

officers is provided for through the filing of petitions signed by from 15 to 75 per cent. of the voters. In South Dakota cities the percentage is only 15, while in Illinois it is 55, and 33 in Louisiana. In Oregon all state officials, including judges and members of the legislature, are subject to the recall. Chicago Daily News Almanac, 1912.

TOBACCO CROP IN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES: 1911.

For the year 1911 there were 1,012,800 acres of land planted in tobacco, and the total product derived therefrom amounted to 905,109,000 pounds. The value of this product was estimated at $85,210,387. Kentucky ranked first in the tobacco producing states

of the Union, West Virginia second, then followed, in their respective order, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Wisconsin, Indiana, Maryland, West Virginia, South Carolina, Massachusetts, New York, Missouri, and Illinois.

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WHAT OUR WHEAT CROP MEANS.

The 735,260,970-bushel wheat crop of 1906 converted into a 1,214-foot barrel of flour, and baked into an immense loaf, 2,158 feet high.

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