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The growth of the Bell System, its broader usefulness and resulting prosperity, are shown in the annual report of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company for 1911 by the financial statement and other comparative statistics.

At the end of the year 1911 there was a total of 6,632,625 subscriber stations, of which 2,158,454 were operated by connecting companies.

The Bell toll lines now reach 70,000 places, which is 5,000 more than the number of post offices and 10,000 more than the number of

railroad stations in the United States. The total wire mileage has been increased to nearly 13,000,000 miles, of which over half is underground, and the new 450-mile subway between Boston and Washington has been completed except for the drawing in of some of the cable.

The traffic over the Bell lines shows a daily average of 24,129,000, or at the rate of 7,770,000,000 connections a year.

There was spent in plant additions $55,660,738 in the year. There was applied to maintenance and reconstruction during the year $58,840,000, making a total provision for the last nine years of $342,300,000.

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EARNINGS OF THE BELL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES.

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PRINTERS' MARKS.

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s.c It does not appear that the earliest printers had e
any method of correcting errors before the form
was on the press/ The learned The learned cor-
rectors of the first two centuries of printing were
not proofreaders in our sense/they were rather
what we should Term office editors. Their labors
not were chiefly to see that the proof corresponded to
the copy, but that the printed page was correct
in its latinity/et the words were there, and stet.
that the sense was right. They cared little
about orthography, bad letters or purely printer tu

errors, and when the text seemed to them wrong
they consulted fresh authorities or altered it on
their own responsibility. Good proofs in the
not# modern sense, were possible until professional
readers were employed/ men who has first] a tr

i

printer's education, and then spent many years
ia the correction of proof. The orthography of
English, which for the past century has under
gone little change, was very fluctuating until after
the publication of Johnson's Dictionary, and capi-

tals, which have been used with considerable reglead
spell ularity for the past 30 years; were previously used
str. on the [miss for hit plan. The approach to regu-
it larity, so far as we have may be attributed to the
growth of a class of professional proof readers, and

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it is to them that we owe the correctness of mod

ern printing. More er/ors have been found in the

Bible than in any other one work. For many gen-lead. erations it was frequently the case that Bibles

were brought out stealthily, from fear of govern

[mental interference. They were frequently Out, see copy printed from imperfect texts, and were often mod h

ified to meet the views of those who publised

1.c/who

them The story is related that a certain woman
in Germany, who was the wife of a Printer, and .c.
had become disgusted with the continual asser-
rom. tion of the superiority of man over woman which
ehe had heard, hurried into the composing room
while her husband was at supper and altered a
sentence in the Bible, which he was printing, so
that it read Nar instead of Herr, thus making
the verse read "And he shall be thy fool" instead
of And he shall be thy ford." The word not
was omitted by Barker, the King's printer in En-
land in 1632,in printing the seventh commandment
He was fined £3000 on this account.

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NUMBER OF WORDS AND EMS TO THE SQUARE INCHI.

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CHAPTER XII.

POST OFFICE AFFAIRS.*

PART I.

STATISTICAL INFORMATION.

UNITED STATES POST OFFICE.

For the first time since 1883 the annual financial statement of the Post Office Department of the United States, shows a surplus instead of a deficit. The revenues for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1911, amounted to $237,879,823.60 and the expenditures to $237,660,705.48, leaving a surplus of $219,118.12. The wiping out of the deficit has been accomplished without curtailOn the conment of postal facilities. trary, important extensions have been made in every branch of the service.

ALL OF CLASSES DOMESTIC SUMMARY OPERATION MAIL SERVICE IN JUNE 30, 1911.

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RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION.

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On June 30, 1911. there were in operation 171 full railway post-office lines, manned by 1,750 crews of 8,429 clerks (including 88 acting

Of these

171

151 had full lines, clerks). apartment-car service, manned by 987 crews, of 1,489 clerks. There were also 1,413 apartment lines. manned by 4,208 railway post-office crews, of 5,543 clerks; 18 electric car lines, with 20 crews, of 21 clerks; 55 steamboat lines, with 101 crews, of 93 clerks; a total of 1,657 lines of all kinds, manned by 15,575 clerks, lines. representing the working force of the In addition there were 30 officials, 130 chief clerks, 784 transfer clerks employed in handling the mails at important junction points, and 509 clerks detailed to clerical duty in the various offices of the service-an aggregate of 17,028 employees in the service.

(Continued on page 324.)

This chapter is divided into two parts; the first gives statistics relative to the Post Office Affairs of the United States and the World, the second deals with information relaRevised through the courtive to rates, etc., domestic and foreign and the "Parcels Post."'

tesy of Postmaster-General Hitchcock.

(Continued from page 323.)

Of the 1,464 full railway post-office cars in use and in reserve, 369 are all-steel cars, 147 steel-underframe cars, and 948 wooden cars, and of the 3,819 apartment cars in use and in reserve, 111 are all-steel cars, 106 steel-underframe cars, and 3,602 wooden cars.

In

view of the rapid development of the aeroplane as a practical means of aerial trans

portation, recommendation has been made for an appropriation of $50,000 for an experimental aer al mail service. During the past year a number of experiments in aerial mail transportation have been permitted, without expense to the department, and it is desired to give this method of transportation a test under more practical conditions where other modes of transportation are difficult.

MAIL SERVICE IN OPERATION YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1911.

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COMPARISON OF REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES OF THE
POST OFFICE, YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1911.

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Excess of expenditures over revenues..

Excess of revenues over expenditures........

Amount of losses by fire, burglary, bad debts, etc.....

Deficit in the postal revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1910..

Surplus in the postal revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1911..

224, 128,657.62

223, 190, 830.39
6,786, 394. 11

229, 977, 224.50
224, 128, 657.62

5,848, 566.88

32, 915.07 5,881, 481.95

230, 516.814. 45 7, 132, 112. 23

237,648, 926.68 237,879,823.60

230,896. 92 11,778.80

219, 118. 12

EXPENDITURES, APPROPRIATIONS AND ESTIMATES FOR ALL
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES EXCEPT RURAL DELIV-
ERY AND STAR ROUTE SERVICE.

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1 Star service, except in Alaska, transferred to office of Fourth Assistant Postmaster General. * Includes $1,121,200 made immediately available and applied to deficiency for fiscal year 1911. * Includes $48,200 made immediately available and applied to deficiency for fiscal years 1910 and 1911. *Includes $247,400 made immediately available and applied to deficiency for fiscal year 1911.

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