TABLE SHOWING THE DISTANCE OF THE HORIZON By this Table also the distance can be ascertained at which an object can be seen according to its elevation and the elevation of the eye of the observer. EXAMPLE.-A tower 200 feet high will be visible at 20 miles to an observer whose eye is elevated 15 feet above the water. Thus: 15 feet elevation, distance visible 4.45 nautical miles } = 20.69 nautical miles. CHAPTER VII. RAILROADS. For invaluable information relative to Railroads, both for the United States and foreign countries, the Editor is indebted to Mr. Slason Thompson, Director of the Bureau of Railway News and Statistics, Chicago. A considerable number of the tables are printed through his courtesy, and a painstaking revision of this chapter is also due to him. In single-track mileage the Bureau figures 95% of the total mileage operating in the United States; in traffic figures they cover 97.5%. The passenger mileage is obtained by multiplying the number of passengers carried by the average journey in miles. In the case of the United Kingdom that is an approximation of 7.8 miles, from the formula of the London Statist. Same is true of the average haul of 25 miles for freight in the United Kingdom. In this case it is corroborated by the individual figures of the Northeastern Railway of England, which is the only British road giving that information. The ton mileage can be obtained by multiplying the freight tons carried by the average haul in miles. POWER OF A MONSTER LOCOMOTIVE. This huge Baldwin freight engine, weighing 300 tons, was built for the Southern Pacific Railroad. It is capable of hauling 10 miles an hour a train of 169 cars weighing, with load, 72 tons each. The train, weighing 10.000 tons, would reach for over a mile. or, say, from City Hall Square to the Battery, New York. The lower cut represents the size of a single car, 200 feet by 45% feet by 62 feet, that would be necessary to contain the load of wheat handled. Copyright 1911, Munn & Co. FRANCE 149,000,000, 698,000,000. UNITED STATES 890,000,000. GERMANY 1209,000,000, UNITED KINGDOM 1,240.000,000. TOTAL NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED IN ONE YEAR GRAPHICAL COMPARISON OF THE ROLLING STOCK AND FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRAFFIC OF THE WORLD'S LEADING RAILROADS. GROWTH OF RAILWAYS OF THE WORLD. In the following table is given the mileage of the principal countries in the world from the earliest date available to the latest: The proportion of state to privately owned railways as given by Mr. Edwin A. Pratt in "Railways and Nationalization," 1908, was: Company Owned Railways.. State Owned Railways.... Total.. 389,000 550.000 |