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The Secretary of Agriculture exercises personal supervision of public business relating to the agricultural industry. He appoints all the officers and employees of the department with the exception of the Assistant Secretary and the Chief of the Weather Bureau, who are appointed by the President, and directs the management of all the bureaus, divisions, and offices embraced in the department. He exer

cises advisory supervision over agricultural experiment stations which receive aid from the National Treasury.

BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

The Bureau of Animal Industry conducts the inspection of animals, meats, and meatfood products under the act of Congress of June 30, 1906, and has charge of the inspection of import and export animals. It makes special investigations in regard to dairy subjects.

FOREST SERVICE.

The Bureau of Forestry gives practical ad-. vice in the conservative handling of forest lands; investigates methods of forest planting, and gives practical advice to tree planters; investigates the control and prevention of forest fires, and other forest problems.

BUREAU OF CHEMISTRY.

The Bureau of Chemistry makes such investigations and analyses as pertain in general to the interests of agriculture, dealing with fertilizers and agricultural products. It inspects the conditions of manufacture, transportation, and sale of food and drug products for the purpose of determining whether such products are adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the Pure Food and Drugs Act of June 30, 1906. Also inspects imported and exported food products.

BUREAU OF SOILS.

The Bureau of Soils has for its object the investigation of soils in their relation to crops, the mapping of soils, and the investigation, mapping, and reclamation of alkali lands.

BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY.

The Bureau of Plant Industry studies plant life in all its relations to agriculture. It includes vegetable, pathological and physiological, botanical, pomological and grass and forage plant investigations.

BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

The Bureau of Entomology obtains and disseminates information regarding injurious insects affecting field crops, fruits, small fruits, and truck crops, forests and forest products, and stored products.

BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY.

The Bureau of Biological Survey investi gates the economic relation of birds and mammals and recommends measures for the preservation of beneficial and the destruction of injurious species. It also studies the geographical distribution of animals and plants and maps the natural life zones of the country.

OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

The Office of Experiment Stations represents the department in its relations with the agricultural colleges and experiment stations, which are now in operation in all the States, and directly manages the experiment stations in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Guam. It seeks to promote the interest of agricultural education and investigation throughout the United States.

CHAPTER VI.

MERCHANT MARINE.

NUMBER AND NET AND GROSS TONNAGE OF STEAM AND SAILING VESSELS OF OVER 100 TONS, OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES OF THE World, as RecoRDED IN LLOYD'S REGISTER FOR 1911-12.

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For valuable information relative to ocean travel the reader is referred to the Scientific American Handbook of Travel," published by Munn & Co., Inc., and compiled and edited by Albert A. Hopkins. It is the standard book on the subject, and the tables, etc., in this Chapter

bring it up to date.

MERCHANT MARINE OF THE UNITED STATES.

On June 30, 1911, the merchant marine of the United States, including all kinds of documented shipping, comprised 25,991 vessels of 7,638,790 gross tons. Of this number 16,881, having gross tons of 3,559,805, were operating on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts; 3,834 vessels, with a tonnage of 954,425, were operating on the Pacific coast. The power and material of these vessels were as follows: Sailing vessels-Wood, 8,067, gross tons 1,345,515; metal, 137, gross tons 252,308; total, 8,204, with a gross ton

nage of 1,597,823. Of steam vessels 11,300, having a tonnage of 1,125,562, were made of wood, and 2,007, with a tonnage of 3,948,507, were built of metal, making a total of 13,307 vessels, having a tonnage of 5,074,069. There are also 659 wooden canal boats having a tonnage of 72,370, and 3,659 wooden and 162 metal barges, having a combined tonnage of 894,528, making a grand total of 7,638,790 tons. During the year 1,422 vessels, having a gross tonnage of 291,162, were constructed. Of this number 112 metal vessels had a tonnage of 195,964.

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THE "TITANIC" LEAVING HER BUILDER'S FOR HER MAIDEN AND ONLY VOYAGE.

The largest floating dock in the world is to be built at Kiel. It will have a lifting capacity of 40,000 tons. Its length will be 656 feet, its width 141 feet; and its submergible depth 35 feet. Hamburg plans to have three docks, the smallest of which is now being built, of 35,000, 34,000 and 20,000 pounds lifting capacity. Their lengths will be 720, 733 and 511 feet, respectively; their widths, 108, 1084 and 97 feet; and their submergible depths, 33, 33 and 26 feet. docks at Medway and Portsmouth will each have a lifting capacity of 32,000 tons; length of 680 feet; a width of 113 feet; and a submergible depth of 36 feet. Montreal's docks, when completed, will have a lifting capacity of 25,000 tons; a length of 600 feet; a width of 100 feet; and a submergible depth of 27 feet. Pola intends to build a dock with

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a lifting capacity of 22,000 pounds; length 584 feet; width, 111 feet, and submergible depth, 27 feet. Rio de Janeiro has a dock with lifting capacity, 22,000 tons; length, 550 feet; width, 100 feet; and submergible depth, 30 feet.

Shipbuilding statistics for 1911 in the United States accounted for 1,702 new merchant ships of all descriptions, aggregating 243,792 gross tons, as compared with 1,208 ships of 203,158 gross tons built during 1910. Thirty-five steel vessels were built on the Great Lakes, including two of 8,603 gross tons, the largest vessels in the lake service. Fourteen steel vessels, of 30,039 gross tons, were built for the Atlantic service.

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