Historic precedent, 114 Previous American practice, 114
1909, 115 Renewal, 115 - Extension of subsisting copyrights, 116 - - Assignee
of unpublished manuscripts, 116 Extension of subsisting renewals, 117 —
Publishers' equities, 117 — Estoppel of renewal, 118 — Life term and beyond,
118 - Unpublished works, 119 - Publication as date of copyright, 119 — Serial
publication, 120 - Joint authorship, 120 - Forfeiture, 121 — Abandonment,
- In England, 121 — New British code, 122 Perpetual copyright, 123
Other countries, 124 — International standard term, 124 — Special categories,
124.
IX. FORMALITIES OF COPYRIGHT: PUBLICATION, Notice, RegisTRA-
TION AND DEPOSIT
125-152
General principles, 125 - Previous American requirements, 125-Present Ameri-
can basis, 126 - Provisions of 1909, 126 — Publication, 126 - Copyright notice,
127 - Previous statutory form, 128 - Exact phraseology required, 128
Name, 129 Date, 129 Accidental omission, 130 - Place of notice, 131
One notice sufficient, 131 Separate volumes, 132 · Different dates, 133
Extraterritorial notice, 133 Successive editions, 134 - False copyright notice,
134 Ad interim protection, 135
Substitution of name, 135- Registration,
136 Rules and regulations, 136 — Application, 136 - Certificate, 136
Application requirements, 137 - Illustrations, 138 — Periodicals, 138 - Appli-
cation cards, 139- Certificate cards, 140 -
Deposit, 142 - Frag-
ment not depositable, 143 — Type-writing publication and deposit, 143 - Legal
provisions, 143 — Failure to deposit, 144 Forfeiture by false affidavit, 144 -
Works not reproduced, 144 · Second registration, 145 Free transportation in
mail, 145
Loss in mail, 145 - Foreign works, 146 Ad interim deposit, 146
Omission of copyright notice, 148—
Exact conformity required, 149 · Expunging from registry, 150 British formalities, 150- New British code, 151 - Other International provisions, 152.
Text in 1909 code, 153 Scope and
exceptions, 154 Changes, 1891-1909, 154 German-American instances,
155- Dramas excepted, 155- Exception of foreign original texts, 156- Excep-
tion of foreign illustrative subjects, 156-Affidavit requirement, 156— Avoidance
of errors, 157-Forfeiture by false affidavit, 158 — Exact compliance necessary,
158 - Importation questions, 159 — Foreign manufacturing provisions, 160 —
English patent proviso, 161.
- American provisions, 162 — Rights assured, 163 — Dramatic rights, 163 — Musical rights, 164 - Excepted perform-
ance, 164-Performance "for profit," 165-Works not reproduced, 166-Copy-
right notice, 166-Dramatico-musical works protected from mechanical reproduc-
tion, 166- Dramatic and musical works excepted from manufacturing provisions,
167 British colonial practice, 168 - Entry under proper class, 168 - Applica-
tion and certificates, 168 — Right of dramatization, 169 — Dramatization term,
169 Musical arrangements, 169 — Transposition, 170 — Works in the public
domain, 170 - Dramatization right protected, 170 - English law and practice,
171 — Infringement cases, 172 — Substantial quotations, 173 - Specific scenes
or situations, 174 — What is a dramatic composition, 174 — Judge Blatchford's
opinion, 175 — Judicial definitions, 175 - Moving pictures, 176 — Literary
merit not requisite, 177 - What is a dramatico-musical composition, 177 —
Protection of playright, 178 — Protection of unpublished work, 179 — Indeter- minate protection, 180 - Printing and performance, 180- Specific English provisions, 182 Publication prior to performance, 183 — British international
->protection, 184 — What is public performance, 185 Manuscript rights, 186 —
Unpublished orchestral score, 187 — Dramatic work by employee, 188 — Copy-
right term, 188-Registration, 189-Assignment, 189 - Parody, 190-Infringe-
ment by single situation, 191 Protection of title, 191 - Names of characters,
Protection against "fly by night"
Remedies under present law, 195 - Acts of 1902-1906, 196 — Playright in other countries, 197 — International provisions, 197 - Foreign protection of arrangements, 197 — International definitions, 198 — National formalities, 199 Specific reservations and conditions, 200 Pan American Union, 201.
Mechanical music provisos, 202 Compulsory The compromise
license, 203 -Damages, 203 Public performance, 204-
result, 204 — Judicial construction, 205 — Punishment of infringement, 206 ·
Notice of intention to use, 206 Constitutional question, 207 - English law,
208 Berne situation, 1886, 209 Paris, 1896, 209 Berlin provision, 1908,
209- German precedents, 210 - Law of 1910, 211 Germany and the United
States, 212 - French precedents, 212 Belgian precedents, 213 - Italian
precedents, 213 - Other countries, 214 Argument for inclusion, 214 – In-
scribed writings, 215 - Direct sound-writings, 216— Music transmissal, 216 –
Music notation, 217 - The law prior to 1909, 218 Manuscript and copies,
218 Protection of the inventor, 219-The counter argument, 220 - Complete
protection, 221.
Threefold value in art works, 222
Office classification definitions, 223 - The question of exhibition, 224
tection of unpublished work, 225 — Copyright notice, 225 - Deposit, 226-
Summary of requirements, 227 — Material and immaterial properties distinct,
228 Manufacturing clause, 228 - German post-cards, 229 · Artistic merit,
unimportant, 229 - Application forms, 229- Certificates, 230 - Term in un-
published work, 230- Date not required, 230 — Re-copyright objectionable,
231-Exhibition right transfer, 231-Early English decision, 232 - The Werck-
Danger of forfeiture, 235
Limited use and license, 236 — Character, not method of use, 237 - Illustra-
tion, 237- Description of artistic work, 238 – Portraits, 238- Right of em-
ployer, 239- Photographs, 240 — Tableaux vivants and moving pictures, 241
Architectural works, 242 - Copy of a copy, 243 Alterations, 243, 244-
Remedies, 245
Artistic copyright term, 245 British practice, 246 - Sculp-
ture provisions, 247 Engraving provisions, 247 — New British code, 247
Foreign countries, 248 - Berne convention, 1886, 48 — Paris declaration, 1896,
249 — Berlin convention, 1908, 250 — Exhibition not publication, 250 — Pan
American Union, 250.
Infringement in specific meaning, 252
Questions of fact and intent, 253-"Fair use," 253 - Principle of infringement,
254 Infringement by indirect copying, 254 - Exceptions from infringement,
255 — Infringement by abridgment and compilation, 255 Abridged compila-
tions, 256 — Separation of infringing parts, 256— Law digests, 257- - Proof from
common errors, 257 — Infringement in part, 258 — No infringement of piracies
or frauds, 258 - Quotation, 259 - Private use, 259-"Unfair competition,"
260 Deceptive intent, 260-"Chatterbox"
cases, 261 Encyclopædia
Britannica cases, 261 - Webster Dictionary cases, 261 — "Old Sleuth" cases,
262 Other title decisions, 262 - Rebound copies, 263 - Kipling case, 263 —
Burlesqued title, 264 — Drummond case, 264 - New British code, 264.
265-277
Protection and procedure, 265 — Injunction, 265 — Damages, 265 One suit
sufficing, 266 - Deposit of infringing articles, 266- Remedies specified, 267
Impounding, 268 — Supreme court rules, 268 — Court jurisdiction, 268
Limitation, 269 — Text of procedure provisions, 270
one action, 270 - Jurisdiction, 270
- No criminal proceedings, after three years, 271 - Strict compliance requisite,
271 - Damage not penalty, 272 - - Other procedure decisions, 273- Preven-
tive action, 274 - Party in suit, 274 Willful case, 275 - Penal provisions, 275
- False notice of copyright, 276 - Allowance of costs, 276 - New British code,
277.
Copyright and importation, 278-Fundamental right of exclusion, 278-General prohibitions, 279 - Exceptions permitted, 279 - Text provisions, 280 - Prohi- bition of piratical copies, 280 - Permitted importations, 280 - Library impor、 tations, 281 Seizure, 282 - Return of importations, 282 Rules against unlawful importation, 282-Supersedure of previous provisions, 283 - Manu-
facturing clause affects earlier copyrights, 283 - Importation of foreign texts, 284
– Printing within country, 285 — Innocent importation, 286-Books not claim-
ing copyright, 286-Periodicals, 286-Composite books, 286-Rebinding abroad,
287 Importation of non-copyright translation, 288 - Books dutiable, 288
Books on free list, 289 — Library free importation, 290 — Copyrights and the
free list, 291 · The duty on books, 291 - British prohibition of importation,
History of Copyright Office, 297 - Routine of registration, 297 - Treatment of deposits, 298 Destruction of useless material, 299 - Register of Copy- rights, 299 Catalogues and indexes, 300 — Entry cards, 301 - Text provisions, Copyright records, 302 Register and assistant register, 302 - Deposit
303 Record books, 303 - Certificate, 303- Receipt for deposits, 304
Catalogue and index provision, 304 Distribution and subscriptions, 305
Records open to inspection, 305 Preservation of deposits, 305 - Disposal of
deposits, 306 — Fees, 307 — Only one registration required, 307 -Present or-
ganization, 308-Efficiency of methods, 308 - Registration, 1909–1910, 309 —
Certificates for court use, 309- Searches, 309- Patent Office registry for
labels, 309- Foreign practice, 310.
INTERNATIONAL AND FOREIGN COPYRIGHT
International protection of property, 311-Early copyright protection, 311
English protection, 311 - Effect of Berne convention, 313 - International
literary congresses, 314 Fundamental proposition, 314 — Preliminary official
conference, 1883, 314 - Propositions of 1883, 315 - First official conference,
1884, 316 Second official conference, 1885, 317-Third official conference,
1886, 318- Berne convention, 1886, 318 - Authors and terms, 318-"Lite-
rary and artistic works" defined, 318- Performing rights, 319 — Other provi-
sions, 319-Final protocol, 320 Ratification in 1887, 320- Paris conference,
1896, 321- Paris Additional Act, 321 - Paris Interpretative Declaration, 322
Ratification in 1897, 322 Berlin conference, 1908, 323 - United States'
position, 324 - Welcome of non-unionist countries, 325 - Death of Sir Henry Bergne, 325 Berlin convention, 1908, 326 — "Literary and artistic works' defined, 326 — Authors' rights, 326- 'Country of origin," 327- Broadened international protection, 327- Term, Performing rights, 328 - Other provisions, 329 - National powers reserved, 329 — Organization provisions, Montevideo congress, Mexico City conference, 1902, 332 - Mexico convention, 1902, 332 — Indispensable condition, 333 - Special
Rio de Janeiro conference, 1906, 334
Rio provisions, 335 — Ratification, 336 — Buenos Aires conference and conven-
tion, 1910, 336· Attorney General's opinion on ratification, 337 - Relation
with importation provisions, 338 - United States international relations, 339
"Proclaimed countries, 339 — Mechanical music reciprocity, 340.
Initial endeavor in America, 1837, 341 - The British address, 341 - Henry Clay
report, 1837, 344 — Prophecy of world union, 344 - Clay bills, 1837-42, 346 —
Palmerston invitation, 1838, 346 - Efforts, 1840-48, 346 - - Everett treaty, 1853,
347
- Morris bills, 1858-60, 348 International Copyright Association, 1868,
348 - Baldwin bill and report, 1868, 348 — Clarendon treaty, 1870, 349 -
Cox bill and resolution, 1871, 349 · - The Appleton proposal, 1872, 350 - Phila-
delphia protest, 1872, 351 — The Bristed proposal, 1872, 351 - Kelley resolu-
tion, 1872, 352
Congressional hearings, 352 Beck-Sherman bill, 1872, 352-
Morrill report, 1873, 353 - Banning Bill, 1874, 353 - The Harper proposal and
draft, 1878, 353 - Granville negotiations, 1880, 355 Robinson and Collins
bills, 1882-83, 356 — American Copyright League, 356 — Dorsheimer bill, 1884,
American publishers' sentiment, 357
356
Chace
Hawley bill, 1885, 358-
bill, 1886, 358 Congressional hearings, 1886, 359 Mr. Lowell's epigram, 359
President Cleveland's second message, 1886, 360 — Campaign of 1887, 360 —
Senate passage of Chace bill, 1888, 361, - Bryce bill, 1888, 361 - President Har-
rison's message, 1889, 361 - Simonds bill and report, 1890, 362 Senate debate,
1891, 363 — Act of March 4, 1891, 363 — Review of the publishing situation,
364 Lack of unified policy, 365 - Compromise of 1891, 365 Need of general
revision, 366 Ad interim copyright act, 1905, 366- Copyright conferences,
1905-06, 367 - President Roosevelt's message, 1905, 368 - Congressional hear-
ings, 1906-08, 369 - Kittredge-Currier reports, 1907, 369- Smoot-Currier
Kittredge-Barchfeld bills, 1907-08, 370 - Washburn, Sulzer, McCall, Currier
bills, 1908, 370 - Fourth Congressional hearing, 1909, 371 Act of March 4,
1909, 371 - Hopes of future progress, 372.
English and American systems, 373 - First publication and residence, 373
Variations in copyright terms, 374 New British code, 374 - Scope and extent,
375- Publication, 376 - Definition of copyright, 376 Infringement, 376-
Term, 377 Ownership, 377 Deposit copies, 378 Importation, 378 -
Remedies, 378 General relations, 379 — Acts repealed, 379 -
original bill, 379— Isle of Man, 380 — Channel Islands, 381
tions, 381 Colonial relations, 381 - Local legislation, 382
right history, 383 - Dominion of Canada: early acts, 383-
License acts disallowed, 385 - Fisher Act, 1900, 385- Minor acts, 386 — Short
form of notice, 386 — Proposed Canadian copyright code, 1911, 386 - Imperial
and Canadian copyright, 388 Requisites for domestic copyright, 388
Imperial and local protection, 388 - Additional local protection, 389 - Appli-
cation for copyright, 389 — Newfoundland, 390 — British West Indies, etc., 391
- Australian code of 1905, 391 - General provisions, 392 Dramatic and
musical works, 393 · Performing right, 393 Registration and license, 394 —
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