JOINT COMMITTEE ON ATOMIC ENERGY

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES

EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

ON

RADIATION PROCESSING OF FOODS

JUNE 9 AND 10, 1965

Printed for the use of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy

50-744

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1965

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

JOINT COMMITTEE ON ATOMIC ENERGY
CHET HOLIFIELD, California, Chairman
JOHN O. PASTORE, Rhode Island, Vice Chairman

JOHN T. CONWAY, Executive Director
EDWARD J. BAUSER, Assistant Director
LEONARD M. TROSTEN, Staff Counsel

SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND RADIATION

MELVIN PRICE, Illinois, Chairman

JAMES B. GRAHAM, Technical Adviser

Ramey, James T., Commissioner

2-8, 38-48, 63-65, 73, 89

Fowler, E. E., Acting Director of the Division of Isotopes Development. 38-48,

63-65, 176-177

46, 64, 169-170

Kavanagh, Dr. George M., Deputy Assistant Manager for Research and

Development.

Manowitz, Bernard, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Brookhaven

National Laboratory--

161, 171

STATEMENTS OF WITNESSES (BY ORGANIZATION OR AFFILIATION)

Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Joseph W. Slavin, Director, Technological

Laboratory.

74-78, 84-89

Department of Agriculture, Edgar A. Taylor, Assistant Chief, Fruit and

Vegetable Insects Research Branch..

130-136

Department of the Army:

Hawkins, Willis M., Assistant Secretary.

89-122

Josephson, Dr. Edward S., Associate Director of the Food Division

for Food Radiation, Natick Laboratories.

90-122

Lotz, Brig. Gen. Walter E., Jr., Director of Research

100, 116

Rosenberger, Lt. Col. Eugene A., Chief of the Medical Research
Branch, Office of the Surgeon General.......

119

Siu, Dr. Ralph G. H., Scientific Director of the Research Division,
Army Materiel Command...

119-122

147-154

Department of Commerce, Anthony A. Bertsch, Chairman, Interdepart-

mental Committee for Radiation Preservation of Food..

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Dr. Herman F. Kraybill,

Pesticides Program Officer, Bureau of State Services, Public Health

Service_

65-74

Food and Drug Administration, Robert S. Roe, Director, Bureau of Scien-

tific Standards and Evaluation....

Gorton Corp., Robert T. Love, director of marketing-

136-146

198-203

Holly Farms Poultry Industries, Inc., Elmer Stuart Kendrick, executive

vice president..

194-198

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dr. Samuel A. Goldblith, professor

of food science and executive officer, department of nutrition and food

science....

Michigan State University, Dr. Bernard S. Schweigert, professor and chair-

man, department of food science, college of agriculture; also Chairman,

Advisory Committee to the AEC

48-63

154-161

171-177

177-189

National Bureau of Standards, Dr. H. W. Koch, Chief, Radiation Physics

Division...

Nuclear Materials & Equipment Corp. (NUMEC), Zalman M. Shapiro,

president.

Swift & Co., Dr. Walter M. Urbain, director of engineering research. 189-194

Thomas J. Lipton, Inc., Dr. Roy Morse, vice president, research and de-

velopment.--

203-209

University of California, Dr. Edward C. Maxie, associate pomologist,

college of agriculture.......

122-127, 134

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL INSERTED IN THE RECORD

Appendixes to statement of Dr. Edward S. Josephson, Associate Director

of the Food Division for Food Radiation, Natick Laboratories:

1. Historical evolution of the Army food irradiation program

2a. Items from food irradiation program approved by the Food and

Drug Administration as of April 1965

Page

101

103

104

2b. Items from the food irradiation program pending before the

Food and Drug Administration as of April 1965.

3. Statement of the wholesomeness of irradiated foods by the Surgeon

General, Army.

105

4. Fiscal summary of the Army food irradiation program, fiscal years

1961 through 1966.

107

5. Contracts and project orders active in fiscal year 1965 under the

Army radiation preservation of food program...

6. Planning schedule for submission of future petitions to the Food

and Drug Administration from the food irradiation program...

7. Fiscal summary of the planned Army food irradiation sterilization

research program, fiscal years 1967 through 1971..

8. Membership of advisory groups to the Army food irradiation

program, June 1965_

"Irradiation Nears Reality-Pilot Plant Will Pioneer Processing, Shipping,
and Marketing of Irradiated Seafoods," by Joseph W. Slavin, Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries, and P. Miller, Associated Nucleonics, Inc._____

Manpower commitments, AEC radiation preservation of foods program__

National radiation preservation of foods program:

Fowler, E. E., Acting Director, Division of Isotopes Development,

AEC.

107

111

111

112

78-81

44

9-29

Whitehair, Leo A., Division of Biology and Medicine, AEC...
"See Gloucester Irradiator Opening New Industry Era," article from
Fishing Gazette, January 1965..

30-38

81-83

"Some Thoughts on the Microbiology and Wholesomeness Aspects of
Irradiated Foods," by Dr. Samuel A. Goldblith__.

55-61

Statement of Holly Farms Poultry Industries, Inc., by Elmer Stuart

Kendrick, executive vice president----

Statement of Thomas J. Lipton, Inc., by Dr. Roy E. Morse, vice presi-

dent....

194-195

204-205

"Wholesomeness and Toxicological Safety of Low-Dose Radiation Proc-
essed Foods," by Dr. H. F. Kraybill, U.S. Public Health Service ---- 66-68
CORRESPONDENCE INSERTED IN THE RECORD

Boye, Maj. Gen. F. W., Jr., Chief of Legislative Liaison, Army, to Con-

gressman Melvin Price, dated June 22, 1965, concerning personnel and

man-years of effort being expended by the Army on the food irradiation

program..

Appendix 1:

117

APPENDIXES

Enclosure 1: Recommendations of the AIBS Advisory Committee

on Irradiated Foods to the Atomic Energy Commission, March 18-

19, 1965-

211

Enclosure 2: Economic reports on food irradiation completed by

AEC to include:

(1) "Marketing Feasibility Study of Radiation Processed Fishery

Products," Report No. WASH-1030, December 1, 1960--

(2) "Economic Feasibility of Radiation-Pasteurizing," Report

No. TID 17886, August 1963. -

(3) "Current Status and Commercial Prospects for Radiation

Preservation of Food," Report No. TID 21431, January 1965__

(4) "Radiation-Pasteurizing Fresh Strawberries and Other

Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, "Report No. TID 21628, March

1965___.

(5) "Study of Applicability of Radiation Pasteurization of

Fruits in the South," Report No. TID 21710, September 1,

1964 (on file in the Joint Committee office).

(6) "Study of the Economics of Controlling Salmonella in Foods

by the Use of Ionizing Radiation," Report No. NYO-3426-1,

217

255

285

467

Appendix 1-Continued

Enclosure 3: AEC-AECL cobalt 60 price changes, 1960-65-.-.

Enclosure 4: Manpower commitments.

Page

566

AEC food irradiation pro-

591

591

gram..

Enclosure 5: Utilization and dissemination of AEC contract reports

and foreign food irradiation efforts...

Appendix 2: Project No. (6-60-01-02) Nutrition: Radiation and Steriliza-

tion of Foods, Veterinary Division, Department of Pathology, Armed

Forces Institute of Pathology -

Appendix 3: Electron Accelerators for Food Processing, by H. W. Koch

and E. H. Eisenhower, National Bureau of Standards_

Appendix 4: Directory of members, alternates, and technical points of

contact for the Interdepartmental Committee on Radiation Preserva-

tion of Food__

593

612

642

Appendix 5: "Safeway's Mai Explains Switch to Chilled," reprint from

Broiler Industry, October 1964

646

Appendix 6: Announcement of JCAE public hearings on the national food

irradiation program, May 29, 1965--

658

Appendix 7: AEC invites industry to join studies of pasteurized seafood,

May 5, 1965__

658

Appendix 8: United States and Canada announce joint study of radiation

preservation of food, June 30, 1965.

659

Appendix 9: Correspondence on AEC's cobalt pricing policy -

Appendix 10: Correspondence relating to proposed market survey of

radiation processed fishery products..

660

662

Appendix 11: Correspondence relating to AEC budget for food irradiation.

Appendix 12: Industry-Government Conference on Pilot Plant Meat

Irradiation, September 24, 1965- -

Appendix 13: Induced Radioactivity in Food and Electron Sterilization,

by Richard A. Meyer, Army Natick Laboratories, April 1965.

Appendix 14: Packaging Aspects of Irradiation, by G. O. Payne, Jr.,

*Ĉ. J. Spiegel, and J. J. Killoran, April 1965---

Appendix 15: Wholesomeness of Irradiated Foods, by Elwood F. Reber,

Krishan Raheja, and Dorothy Davis, University of Massachusetts.----

Appendix 16: AEC Announcer Revisions in Cobalt 60 Price Schedule,

press release November 17, 1965.

664

665

685

743

749

819