this has resulted in our having 12 different kinds of time at one time in the United States. It is said that no person, agency, or central source of information that can give you the time of the respective cities or villages throughout the United States during daylight saving time without consulting charts or maps to ascertain the boundary of the time zones or ordinances or laws of the cities, villages, or States. Standard time nationally will eliminate the following: The annoyance of setting and resetting over 90 million timepieces on the effective and termination dates of daylight saving time; and the costly explanation of time variation throughout the United States on nationwide television and radio broadcasts; confusion and delay at the information desks and ticket offices in the railroad, airlines, and bus depots explaining the time of arrival and departure. If your committee could only visualize the frustration of the traveler from the South and Southwest on their arrival at Union Station, St. Louis, Mo., when they encounter advance time, some have never heard of this foolish time, many are the missed connections resulting in layovers in most instances from 6 to 23 hours at their own expense, I personally know of this particular situation and I'm quite certain the same exists in other major terminals over the Nation. One Member of Congress informed me 4 years ago that on a speaking tour through Ohio and Indiana-and at that particular time Indiana was observing five different times throughout the State he finally got so confused that he gave up in disgust and canceled all engagements, returning to Washington a devoted supporter of standard time. The Citizens for Standard Time is a nonprofit organization that represents people from all walks of life and not any particular industry, institution, or special group; its purpose is to educate the people of the importance of a uniform standard time and the folly of our present tangled up web of time confusion. Those most affected in our organization by advanced time are the traveler, the farmer, schoolchildren, and mothers with small schoolchildren and babies; the traveler, everyone knows what they encounter with daylight saving time; the farmer's work is not guided by the clock, but rather by the sun-his is the basic industry of our Nation providing our economy with the necessary food and fiber for our survival. He is put to many great hardships in marketing his product, especially perishables. The schoolchildren in many instances in late autumn are waiting for the schoolbus along rural roadsides and major highways long before daylight-and in many instances those living back away from the bus stop have to walk as much as 1 mile to bus stops fumbling their way in the dark; there have been many fatal accidents attributed to the foolish time involving schoolbuses in early morning fog. I have many letters in my file from mothers across the Nation complaining of their difficulty in feeding small babies and getting children to bed with the sun high in the sky. Therefore, we the Citizens for Standard Time strongly support H.R. 2335 and vigorously oppose any legislation that allows the continuance of daylight saving time and the establishment of subzones; we contend the use of either or both will not resolve our time complex. We urge that Congress provide for establishment of a uniform standard time nationally without interference with the use of Greenwich time. We respectfully request this letter be made a part of the hearing and included in the record on the subject legislation. Sincerely, H. H. HORNER, National Chairman. AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION, Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR CONGRESSMAN: We understand that the record relative to the recent hearings conducted by your committee on legislation pertaining to the time uniformity problem is still open for the acceptance of comments. While we did not participate in the hearings and have not prepared a formal statement in view of the substantial material presented by other interested parties, we would like to apprise you of our interest in this legislation and our position in respect to it. We, along with many others in the transportation business, have been concerned about the growing confusion respecting time observance. Lack of uniformity in time observance with the resultant crazy quilt pattern, varying from zone to zone, State to State, and locality to locality, which has developed has posed serious problems for all forms of transportation and particularly serious ones for airline transportation because of the nature of its operations. The problem affects not only the airline operators, but also its employees and the traveling public because of confusion, inconvenience and additional expense. The Air Line Pilots Association does not support any specific legislation before your committee, but we do support the efforts to have Congress take remedial steps and generally support the basic objectives of the Committee for Time Uniformity whose viewpoints have previously been submitted to you. We request that this letter be accepted as our statement on the time uniformity problem and made part of the record of the hearings on it. We sincerely appreciate any consideration your committee may give to cor recting the problem which exists and which in our opinion requires action by Congress if it is to be solved. Sincerely yours, CHARLES H. RUBY, President. Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, INVESTMENT BANKERS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce and Finance of the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, Washington, D.C. DEAR CONGRESSMAN STAGGERS: As president of the Investment Bankers Association of America, I urge that the Congress enact the legislation recommended by the Interstate Commerce Commission (H.R. 4702 and H.R. 7891), or that reported unanimously by the Senate Commerce Committee (S. 1033-identical to H.R. 11483), which will bring about greater time uniformity for all citizens and which will make uniform throughout the country the switchover each year from standard to daylight saving time. We take no position on whether daylight saving time should or should not be observed by any particular State or community. The Investment Bankers Association of America is a voluntary, unincorporated trade association of investment banking firms and security dealers and brokers who collectively underwrite, deal, and act as brokers in all types of securities. The association has about 750 member firms engaged in the securities business in the United States and Canada, including about 100 commercial banks. Our members have, in addition to their main offices, about 2,100 registered branch offices. Thus, both our membership and our business are nationwide in scope and we have, therefore, long been interested in efforts to bring about greater uniformity in the widespread time confusion which exists today and which is likely to grow worse if appropriate action is not taken by the Congress in this area. The committee has already received much testimony on the extent of the lack of uniformity which exists today throughout the country. Our association is a member of the Committee for Time Uniformity and we heartily endorse Mr. Ramspeck's statement made to the committee on June 19, as chairman of that committee. The lack of uniformity in the observance of daylight saving time has a direct adverse impact upon those phases of the securities business which are not conducted through our national securities exchanges as well as those phases conducted on exchanges. I refer to the original distribution of new issues of corporate, municipal, and Government securities and over-the-counter transactions in such securities after they have been distributed. Many, if not most, transactions in this phase of the securities business, as well as on the exchanges, are effected by telephone and are consummated quickly. Over-the-counter markets change rapidly, just as do exchange markets, and it is easy for one to miss a market. Where a seller can't reach a likely buyer because of confusion as to the time factor, he may well turn immediately to another likely buyer with the result that the first prospective buyer may miss an investment or purchase he would like to have made. The reverse of this situation is equally true. This is probably more likely to happen in small cities and communities than in the larger ones. Thus the confusion which exists today due to the differences in going on and off daylight saving time makes the task of our industry both more difficult and more expensive and, in many cases, adversely affects the interests of investors. Again, we urge affirmative action by the Congress on H.R. 4702, H.R. 11483, or some similar bill at this session of the Congress. I would appreciate it if you would make this letter a part of the record. Very truly yours, DAVID J. HARRIS. PACIFIC AMERICAN STEAMSHIP ASSOCIATION, Subject: H.R. 4702 and H.R. 7891, to establish a uniform system of time standards. Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce and Finance, DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: It is my understanding that your subcommittee will continue hearings on H.R. 4702, H.R. 7891 and other similar bills later this month. The Pacific American Steamship Association, a trade association representing the principal west coast steamship operators engaged in both passenger and cargo services, wishes to take this opportunity to record our favorable views on the proposed legislation. It is our belief that a uniformity of time standards will benefit the American transportation industry as a whole through the elimination of confusion on the part of passengers in making connections for transoceanic voyages, and shippers in the booking of cargo. Favorable consideration by your subcommittee on legislation to promote uniform time standards will be a benefit to the maritime industry. It is respectfully requested that this letter be included in the hearing record on the proposed legislation. Sincerely yours, JOHN N. THURMAN. COLUMBIA BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC., Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, The CBS television network regularly provides programs to approximately 200 affiliated television stations, and the CBS radio network to approximately 230 affiliated radio stations. Each network through these stations serves substantially all the people in the United States. Network service is designed for broadcast by affiliated stations on a basis as nearly simultaneous as possible throughout the country. For a number of reasons, including particularly time zone differentials, simultaneous broadcast by all stations is not usually practicable. A program originating in New York at 8 p.m. local time would be seen on a simultaneous broadcast on the Pacific coast at 5 p.m. local time. Since this would be an unsuitable hour for an evening program, such a program is usually rebroadcast on the Pacific coast at 8 p.m. Pacific standard time. Many sports programs and news events, where simultaneous presentation is important, are transmitted for broadcast on a “live” basis only. During periods when daylight saving time is observed throughout parts of the United States, the television network must have double transmissions of many of its programs. The radio network must have as many as six transmissions, so that the public will not be inconvenienced by the changes in the local times of broadcasts. It is not always possible, however, for the television network to provide multiple transmissions; for example, A.T. & T. video facilities may be limited. In these instances some public inconvenience is inevitable because of lack of uniformity of daylight time. Some stations serve an area, some parts of which observe daylight time and some parts of which remain on standard time. Similarly, the daylight time season ends at different dates in the fall. These varia tions mean that the people in some areas must view programs at unaccustomed hours. For these reasons CBS points out that it believes that the broadcast audience would be benefited by legislation which would provide for (a) uniform periods of time throughout the United States during which daylight time is observed and (b) uniform nationwide observance of daylight time. Very truly yours, RICHARD S. SALANT. Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, JEFFERSON CITY, Mo., June 24, 1964. Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce and Finance, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Missouri Broadcasters' Association, representing the vast majority of radio and television broadcasters in our State, respectfully submits its views on the bills pending before this subcommittee on the question of daylight saving and standard time. Since we have not had an opportunity to examine the contents of the individual bills, we shall confine our comments to the situation as it exists in Missouri and indicate what legislation action we believe would be helpful. In Missouri the observance of daylight saving time is on a local option basis. Furthermore, this "fast" time begins and ends in varying months. Aside from the confusion created for the public at large, this clock juggling presents serious problems to the radio and television industry. Networks must provide additional transmissions to bring programs to their audiences at accustomed hours. Any statewide broadcast must take into account the different times in certain localities. Since almost all of those States which observe daylight saving time on a statewide basis begin this time on the last Sunday in April and end it on the last Sunday in October, our organization believes that this period of observance should be written into any bill which this subcommittee proposes to recommend. We would appreciate it if this letter were made a part of the hearing record. Respectfully, HAROLD DOUGLAS, President, Missouri Broadcasters' Association. Hon. OREN R. HARRIS, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SECURITIES DEALERS, INC., Chairman, House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, DEAR MR. HARRIS: The National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., representing more than 4,100 members throughout the United States, wishes to express its support for your bill, H.R. 4702, to establish a uniform system of time standards and measurements for the United States and to require the observance of such time standards for all purposes. The enactment of such legislation as outlined in H.R. 4702 would be extremely beneficial in the day-to-day administration of the securities business as well as aiding the investing public, which now numbers some 17 million individuals. The inconvenience and confusion arising out of various daylight savings time standards in different parts of the country would be eliminated by uniform switchover dates enforced by the Federal Government. Sincerely, ROBERT W. HAACK, President. MAY HOSIERY MILLS, Nashville, Tenn., June 23, 1964. HOUSE COMMERCE COMMITTEE, House Office Building, Washington, D.C. GENTLEMEN: As I understand it there is up for consideration some matters in connection with time. May I go on record as strongly endorsing standard time all the year around. This is what we have in Tennessee by legislation amost unanimously adopted several years ago by our State legislature. This is giving general satisfaction and I am sure would do so in the whole country. As I travel a bit I have over the years noticed that in the past experiments have been made in changing times during the summer season in Europe, South America, and other parts of the world and have virtually always been abandoned in favor of uniform time throughout the entire year. It, therefore, seems to me that we would be serving the country well in keeping standard time for 12 months. Sincerely, MORTIMER MAY. THE METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON BOARD OF TRADE, Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, The Metropolitan Washington Board of Trade desires to record its endorsement of the bill in principle, and to recommend its enactment with one change. The benefits of daylight saving time extend beyond the months of June, July, and August, which would be provided in H.R. 6284. In the Washington metropolitan area, for example, it has been found to be beneficial to begin daylight saving time with the last Sunday in April and to extend it to the last Sunday in October. We strongly recommend amendment of H.R. 6284 to incorporate the longer period under daylight saving time. The additional daylight hours provided allow for longer recreation and other outdoor activities. The spread of daylight saving time from the eastern seaboard to various areas of the country is indicative of its popularity. We therefore request enactment of H.R. 6284, to extend its benefits on a uniform basis, from the last Sunday in April until the last Sunday in October each year. We respectfully request that this letter be inserted in the record of these hearings. Sincerely, WILLIAM H. PRESS. Hon. HARLEY O. STAGGERS, NATIONAL BROADCASTING CO., INC., Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce and Finance of the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. SIR: We are writing to express our views on the several bills relating to standard or daylight savings time, or both, which will be the subject of hearings before the subcommittee on June 18 and 19, 1964. The broadcasting industry is vitally concerned with time uniformity over wide areas, particularly with regard to the effect of such time uniformity on network broadcasts which cover virtually all sections of the country. In creating a balanced scheduled of network programing, an important factor is time of broadcast because the basic audience composition varies with the time of day. Time of broadcast in the various U.S. communities is also of importance to network advertisers whose commercial messages take audience composition into account. It is of significance to the listening and viewing public who are aggrieved when a network program is broadcast locally at an earlier or later time than the time for which it was designed simply because of local time anomalies. The independent establishment and changing of local time by individual States and communities have increased the confusion and conflict of time standards. Uncoordinated shifts in such time standards constitute an undue burden on interstate communications, the efficiency of which is impaired by lack of uniform time standards. These erratic changes also generate a large number of complaints from the public because of the upsetting effects on previously established |