under consideration that will create uniformity of time in the community.

While you are there I would like you, if you would, to take 2 or 3 minutes and recite some of the organizations of national scope who have endorsed this. Maybe some of the members of the committee were not here at the prior hearing.

Mr. REDDING. All right, sir. I shall first list, Mr. Chairman, the companies in private enterprise, so to speak, that have been concerned with the problem and they will include the following: the Air Transport Association, the Amalgamated Transit Union, the American Banking Association, the American Farm Bureau Federation, the American Hotel & Motel Association, the American Mutual Insurance Alliance, the American Short Line Railroad Association, the American Telephone & Telegraph Co., the American Trucking Associations, the American Waterways Operators, the Association of American Railroads, the Association of Local Transport Airlines, the Association of Oil Pipe Lines, the Association of Stock Exchange Firms, the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety, Investment Bankers Association of America, National Association of Broadcasters, National Association of County Officials, National Association of Maufacturers, National Association of Motor Bus Owners, National Association of Securities Dealers, National Association of Travel Organizations, National Bus Traffic Association, National Business Aircraft Association, National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, National Grange, National Industrial Traffic League, Pacific American Steamship Association, Pacific Coast Stock Exchange, Transportation Association of America, U.S. Independent Telephone Association, Western Union Telegraph Co., and those which I mentioned earlier. Just last week, Mr. Chairman, the American Municipal Association in its national convention adopted a strong resolution advocating congressional action in this field, and would you care for me to list the Federal and other State and local governmental interests that have cooperated with us in the undertaking?

Mr. STAGGERS. I think it might be wise. It will not take much time. Mr. REDDING. The Bureau of the Budget, the Civil Aeronautics Board, Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of the Interior, Federal Aviation Agency, Federal Communications Commission, Federal Maritime Commission, General Services Administration, Interstate Commerce Commission, Naval Observatory, Post Office Department, Weather Bureau, and the Council of State Governments has cooperated with us, the National Association of State Aviation Officials, the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the conference of mayors, and finally, I would like to bring to your attention that last January the Advisory Commission for Inter-Governmental Relations, which works to bring about closer liaison among all levels of government, Federal, State, and local, unanimously approved a resolution urging the Congress to take appropriate action and that motion was offered by one of the county governmental officials at that formal meeting, so this gives you gentlemen then some impression of the interests both private and governmental, which have taken the time. and trouble to express a desire for the elimination of clock confusion. Mr. STAGGERS. I want to thank you. I wanted to get that into the

record because I never in all my time in Congress seen so many interests that represent the economy of the Nation interested in one project. as are getting behind this and also that are asking for congressional action, realizing that the States cannot do it, and I think from that if we listen to the interests of the people that we serve it is certainly a mandate to the Congress to take action.

Do you have any questions, Mr. Van Deerlin?

Mr. VAN DEERLIN. No, thank you.

Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Curtin?

Mr. CURTIN. Just one, sir, in relation to your investigation into this matter and reading the clippings of newspapers, and so forth. Do you know of any particular individual, group, or association that is opposed to this legislation?

Mr. REDDING. I know of no interest, individual or otherwise, who would oppose doing something to achieve greater time uniformity, Mr. Curtin. I guess I have read all of the clippings that have been developed on this subject in the last 2 years and have worked with more people involved in this problem than most other people.

I would say to you that the only interest I might know of that has any quarrel with daylight saving time as such is that element of the economy that involves the outdoor theater interests, but to my knowledge even those interests acknowledge the need for greater time uniformity. They have so indicated to me and, while I have seen occasional clippings coming from various States where daylight saving time is being proposed for the first time and some of these interests have expressed concern about it, I repeat that even those interests do not oppose the efforts that we have undertaken and have not stepped forward to express themselves to this committee in opposition to the objectives for which we speak.

I might also comment that in times gone by the educational interests have expressed concern about the daylight time developments in the light of the fact that this makes it necessary for children in cerain areas to go to school in the darkness. As I have observed their interests, I have found, however, that those comments no longer appear to be made, principally because the adoption of daylight time where it has occurred has, for one thing, reduced the incidents, it is being claimed of juvenile delinquency by having 1 extra hour of daylight at the end of the day, and second, has reduced the degree and incidents of traffic hazards at the end of the day brought about otherwise by tired and harassed commuters traveling home in the darkness at the end of the day, but I want to emphasize of course that those considerations go to whether there should be daylight time or not, and we have taken no position on that.

We have felt that everybody acknowledges a need for greater time uniformity and our initial objectives here basically have been if you could do no more than prevail upon the areas of the Nation which observe daylight time to utilize the same switchover dates, this would be a very major step in the right direction.

Mr. CURTIN. I vield to Mr. Van Deerlin.

Mr. VAN DEERLIN. You wouldn't mean to exclude farmers from the group who have also opposed daylight saving time?

Mr. REDDING. No sir, I would not, Mr. Van Deerlin. The farmers have historically taken positions in the farming areas of our Nation against daylight time. This is not entirely true. In the State of Iowa

this year the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation did not take a position of opposition ot the sweep across Iowa of daylight saving time, so that this summer for the first time in history it prevails in every single city in Iowa with the exception of one. We were concerned about the farming interests and at the very outset of our efforts, the committee of time uniformity, we appreciated the Farm Bureau Federation, the Grange, the farmer cooperatives, and even of late, the milk producers federation, to indicate to them what we had in mind doing, and throughout this entire 2-year period we have even had a farmer's representative serving on the steering committee of the Committee for Time Uniformity. We have had in this record statements submitted by the farmer cooperatives in support of time uniformity.

The Farm Bureau Federation is not formally on record with a statement to this committee, but I have been advised by its Washington representative that they would not interpose any objection whatever to any legislation that this committee, or the Congress in fact, might enact that would enhance time uniformity. While the Farm Bureau Federation and the National Grange have formal policy positions that would advocate standard time, they have cooperated with us throughout this entire period in support of greater time uniformity as a national aim.

Mr. STAGGERS. Thank you very kindly. We have received a telegram from the Railway Labor Executives Association on behalf of the 23 standard railway labor organizations, representing nearly all of the several crafts and classes of railroad employees in the United States, wishing to be recorded in support of the general objectives of time uniformity bills now under consideration by this committee and looking forward to relief from the confusion and so forth. I will insert this in the record of the hearing at this point.

(The telegram referred to follows:)

Hon. HARLEY STAGGERS,

WASHINGTON, D.C., August 4, 1964.

Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce and Finance, Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.: The Railway Labor Executives' Association, on behalf of the 23 standard railway labor organizations, representing nearly all of the several crafts and classes of railroad employees in the United States, wishes to be recorded in support of the general objectives of the time uniformity bills now under consideration by your committee.

Railway employees, particularly the many thousands whose duties involve regular travel, look forward to relief from the confusion that exists as a result of the multiplicity of time standards and the varying dates for time changeover set by State and local option. In addition to the difficulties and sometimes the hazards which confront railway employees, who observe one time in the home and one or more time standards on the job, these employees and their employers are deprived of the benefits which would accrue to them from the use of the substantial sums now expended on needless timetable changes occasioned by the lack of a rational time system.

While none of the bills under consideration by your committee appear to furnish a completely satisfactory answer to this problem, the association believes that H.R. 11483 offers the best approach and we favor its enactment.

DONALD S. BEATTIE, Executive Secretary-Treasurer.

Mr. STAGGERS. Those are all the questions I have, Mr. Redding. I want to thank again you and your organization for alerting the people of America to the problem and helping to bring to the attention of the American people this problem and getting their support for something that must be done in the Nation that has been known for its

precision and getting things done and yet we still are in a state of confusion so far as time is concerned in different parts of the country. I again want to thank you. We hope that something will develop.

Mr. REDDING. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the committee we certainly appreciate the interest that each of you gentlemen has taken and your efforts, Mr. Chairman, and certainly hope that some progress can be made yet this session.

Mr. STAGGERS. Fine. Thank you.

The subcommittee has received considerable material in response to this hearing and I would like to have a portion of these communications appear in the printed record.

The material mentioned follows:)

STATEMENT OF JAMES C. GROSS, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF TRAVEL ORGANIZATIONS

Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee on Commerce and Finance, my name is James C. Gross. I am executive director of the National Association of Travel Organizations, headquartered at 900 17th Street NW., Washington, D.C. I submit this statement on behalf of the members of this association, which is dedicated to the welfare and advancement of the U.S. travel industry.

Our principal concern is promoting more travel to and within the United States of America. We not only want more people to travel, but want to make certain they enjoy it, so they will repeat their travel.

Our members are the firms and organizations which provide the information, transportation, accommodations, food service, entertainment, and the many services required by travelers.

At the request of the late President Kennedy, NATO organized and has now launched a "See the U.S.A." program designed to encourage our citizens to travel in this country. President Johnson has just endorsed this program; copy of the President's letter to NATO attached.

We are deeply concerned with the matter of time uniformity in the United States both from the interest of the foreign and domestic traveler. The millions of people who travel each year in the United States for varying periods of time for business and pleasure come into personal contact with the confusion created by differences in time observance and the vagaries of the boundaries of time zones, which often do not seem to make good sense.

Travelers in automobiles, who comprise 85 percent of the travel in this country, are just as subject to inconveniences, doubts, and uncertainties concerning what time it is as are the 15 percent of the travelers who move via the public carriers. Public carrier travel, although of great concern to us, is being covered by others who are appearing as witnesses.

The automobile travelers must be constantly alert in order to know when to begin their day, when to end it, when it is time to eat, when the points of interest and attractions they want to visit will open and close, and when to set their watches forward or back.

A mistake can be costly in available travel time, or in gaining admittance to an attraction or a point of interest, or in meeting any preset engagement.

I want to point out that time confusion is a deterring factor to the travel business.

The travel business is one of the great distributors of the wealth produced in the United States, involving more than $30 billion per year. Most of our States consider the travel business among their top three industries.

The travel industry is one of the largest employers in the United States. Add together the people involved in running hotels and motels, restaurants, transportation companies, rental car firms, gasoline stations, attractions, sightseeing facilities, travel information centers, etc., and this becomes apparent.

Foreign visitors, singly and in groups, are becoming more and more a part of the American scene. They come here to see this great country of which they have heard so much. We need to enhance their opinion of us. We must not disillusion them.

A little research discloses that time regulation is smoothly handled in most parts of the world, particularly in the areas from which we are currently draw. ing foreign visitors.

We respectfully urge the enactment of H.R. 4702 or H.R. 7891. In the event the committee is indisposed to acting upon either of the above-named bills, we

would then urge that H.R. 11483 be enacted which is identical with S. 1033 reported unanimously by the Senate Commerce Committee.

The National Association of Travel Organizations is a member of the Committee for Time Uniformity whose testimony will be presented by the Hon. Robert Ramspeck, chairman. NATO supports the proposals incorporated in the testimony of the Committee on Time Uniformity.

We need to modernize the Standard Time Act of 1918.

We need enactment of legislation for adoption of time uniformity in the United States.

Thank you for the privilege of submitting this statement.

THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, May 8, 1964.

It is with a great deal of pleasure that I commend to the people of the United States the "See the U.S.A." program sponsored by the National Association of Travel Organizations.

All Americans should learn more about their country. NATO and its members are to be congratulated for launching this drive to encourage our citizens to know and enjoy our great land. It is my hope that the entire travel industry will cooperate in this project, which complements the U.S. Travel Service campaign to attract visitors from abroad. Both programs are important to the economy and to the international relations of our Nation.

All people, our own citizens and those of other lands, who "See the U.S.A." will gain a greater appreciation of our country's attractions and resources and a fuller understanding of our heritage and history.

I wish you every success,

LYNDON B. JOHNSON.

STATEMENT BY JAMES CRANE KELLOGG III, PRESIDENT, ASSOCIATION OF STOCK

EXCHANGE FIRMS

As I am sure that the members of this subcommittee fully recognize the inherent necessity for a uniform system in establishing and specifying the standard time of each of the zones, I will not dwell on the overall need for time uniformity and the technical aspects of the problem.

As president of the Association of Stock Exchange Firms, a voluntary_trade association of some 600 member firms of the New York Stock Exchange, I urge the enactment of the legislation recommended in 1963 by the Interstate Commerce Commission (H.R. 4702, introduced by Chairman Harris, and H.R. 7891, introduced by Subcommittee Chairman Staggers). The prime benefit to be derived from this legislation, i.e., the standardization of the observance of daylight saving time, is of the utmost importance to the securities industry.

Our membership is nationwide and is seriously affected by the variations in daylight saving time observance in different areas of the country. As an example of the scope of this problem, I am attaching a copy of the schedule of trading hours prepared by the Association of Commodity Exchange Firms.

The Association of Stock Exchange Firms is a member of the Committee for Time Uniformity, which is composed of a number of national organizations interested in the standardization of time. We have taken a number of active measures toward increasing the uniformity of this observance throughout the Nation.

In 1962, our California members were successful in urging that State to conform its daylight saving time observance to the majority of the States that observe daylight saving time from the end of April to the end of October.

Prior to this, there were periods of time when it was necessary for our representatives in California to open their offices at 5:30 a.m. so as to be prepared to do business for the New York Stock Exchange which opens at 10 a.m. eastern standard time. This was a great inconvenience not only to their clients but also to their employees.

There are continual attempts to vary the observance of daylight saving time even in those States that are presently following the uniform rule. This year, for instance, legislation was again proposed in the New York State Legislature to extend daylight saving time throughout the year. Although this bill failed to gain passage, it would have, in effect, advanced the time zone for New York by 1 hour and increased the problems of not only the securities industry but many other groups as well.