fort and Cassel. Cabrero has raised again the Carlist standard in Spain. The Austrians have reconquered a formidable line of operations in Italy.

66

Paris, 12th July, 1848.

A report of the committee on military matters was handed round to-day, in which the number of soldiers now actually under arms is stated to be

510,000. The committee advert to the insufficiency of this number, and move that the armed forces of Germany shall at once be increased by 140,000 men, and that a force of 340,000 shall be kept ready for service, partly at four, partly at twelve weeks' notice. Thus the German army would muster 900,000 men.

During the insurrection of last month, in this capital, two millions of cartridges were distributed to the guards and the line, and used; and the number of cannon shots is estimated at three thousand. A few days ago, at St. Quentin, two thousand fugitive insurgents, with arms, were captured in a body.

They

On Monday, 10th instant, in buying some journals in the Palais Royal, I remarked near the stand one of the marine guard, about sixteen years of age, with a fine ingenuous countenance, and in full uniform, sprucely adjusted, and worn with evident selfcomplacency. Have you ever been at sea?" said I to him. "No, sir," he answered, setting his round hat more aside. "Are there many of your corps in the Palais Royal, who have seen the sea?" “Pas mal,” he replied; which means a tolerable number. "How many are you?" "A battalion of eight hundred." "Chiefly young?" "Few In a letter from Paris, inserted in a New York more than nineteen or twenty." "Are you near- paper, it is affirmed that the garde mobile, or the ly all of Paris?" "On nous a ramassés sur le gamin guard, could not be deemed a reliable force, pavé”—we were picked up on the pavements. So being of the working classes, and having so recentmuch the better, indeed, for it was a rescue from ly acted themselves the part of rioters. the worst possible school. President Cavaignac could not, the writer supposed, resist a fraternizing has successfully proposed to the assembly a decree cry from the barricades. This misgiving has been for the admission of youth of seventeen into the entirely refuted. The gamins, with their trim uniarmy. The minister of the interior explained that form, sword and musket, comfortable rations, and this measure appertained to the dissolution of the the fourteen extra sous in their pockets; and, above national ateliers, of which the younger part must all, their consequence as the most favored and flatbe instantly withdrawn from anarchical influences. tered corps of protectors of the city and assembly, The government would give them "the refuge of proved the foremost and keenest adversaries of the the national banner and the bread of honor," no insurgents; in the end they were the special obsuitable civic work being found for them. Gen-jects of the vengeance of the latter. General Laeral Baraguay d'Hilliers-no mean authority-moricière was often obliged to cry to the troops of urged specious reasons against enlistment at that early age; the human frame was not then matured for military hardships, nor the reason, for the seductions of military life; mortality and vice would be the consequences. He adduced his ample personal observations. But it was replied that there was no alternative; not Paris alone, all the cities, were troubled with multitudes of vagabond youth, for whom the discipline and habits of the army were the least injurious. The great mortality in the garde mobile, cited by the general, was owing to their high pay; fourteen sous clear in their pockets prompted them to excesses; the soldiers' pocket-money, a few halfpence, was insufficient for dissoluteness. The minister of the interior added, “Unfortunately, the task of reclaiming the people of the ateliers to regular industry and social | mobile. order, is far from being finished."

This persuasion of the government is further evidenced by the indefinite prolongation of martial law; the establishment of the several " camps of Paris;" the suppression of fourteen journals, and the fresh demand of half a million francs, secret police money, with the acknowledgment that more will soon be required. Companies of republican volunteers are now being organized in the provinces, independently of the mobilization of an immense national guard. The unlimited multiplication of military corps in France, renders the national destinies and drift more uncertain. It is so over all Europe. Italy must be one camp. We have from Frankfort (4th July) this account :—

the line, "Keep those boys back; they will all be killed." Their loss was the heaviest; their wounds are the most severe. A committee of the assembly has just reported to that body that they had visited hospitals containing fifteen hundred, where the poor fellows were tenderly nursed by the sisters of charity. The patients were proud of their exploits and sufferings, and (say the committee) "confident in the republic." Poor fellows! little know they what it means. Before the affray, as they shouted Vive la République Démocratique, a lieutenant of the Polytechnic school added, as a joke, synthetic and analytic, which they attempted to repeat in good earnest.

Hitherto, the proportion of deaths among the wounded is about an eighth, chiefly in the garde An eminent surgeon has published a curious account, in nearly two columns of a newspaper, of the peculiarity and variety in the characters of the wounds received by the several descriptions of the military defenders. It exhibits a demoniacal ferocity and ingenuity, on the side of the insurgents, in the choice and preparation of contents for their guns, and of their diversified missiles. The accidents of the balls are extraordinary. From the barricades, and the windows of the adjacent houses, the young guards had to undergo the particular aim of the savage fire. Within a week after the end of the conflict, two hundred and fifty of them disappeared; it is presumed that the missing have fallen victims, by assassination and ambush, of the revenge of the barricaders. The detached forts

around Paris contain several thousand prisoners, | is a public benefit, however, in the stoppage of over whom the "boys," chiefly, keep the closest the parturition of the Dumas', Sues, Balsacs, and watch, with the full confidence of the government. id genus omne of systematic corrupters of taste Some French author informs us that there are and morals. The late government seemed to entwo kinds of nature; human nature and French courage a general vitiation, studiously, by disnature. Within the four months past, this remark tinguishing, and patronizing in every way, auhas frequently been recollected. On Monday thors popular, at least as much by dint of fertile morning last, at half past eight o'clock, I found and gross licentiousnes, as by talents or any perhalf a regiment of the line bivouacked in the gar-sonal merits. But as 66 ill luck would have it,"

the half-witted theorists in politics and ethics-all
the Grub street species-being deprived by the
revolution of their old occupations and favor, be-
took themselves, for sheer subsistence, to farthing
journals, single sheets, placards, small pamphlets,
and the extensive business of addresses for and to
the workmen, in which manufacture they pan-
dered, of course, to the worst passions, hallucina-
tions and appetites of the vulgar, and to the bale-
ful purposes of the demagogues.

den of the Tuileries, on the side of the Rue de thousands of the second and third rate penwrights
Rivoli. Their breakfast, bread and porridge, was the feuilletonists of every sort of production-
spread on long tables by the tents. Some sixty,
eighty, or a hundred hungry blouses, who were
not permitted to enter the garden, stood along the
pavement, communicating through the grilles (grat-
ing) with the soldiers, or, I should say, sharing
the breakfast from the hands of these true liberals.
It happened to me on the same day to be on the
boulevards, when the national guards, eight hundred
men, chiefly artillery, from the city of Bésançon,
a hundred leagues, marched down on their way to
the palace of the national assembly. No troops
could appear or move in better order, or with more
personal satisfaction. Their equipment and bear-
ing attracted the admiration and applause of con-
noisseurs, and earned them a post and charge of
honor. Many thousands of the provincial guards,
from the distant places, when informed on their
way of the victory of the government, preferred to
come hither, glad to show themselves, and gratify
their curiosity in the capital. French nature, un-
deniably, requires uniforms of every contrast and
color and richness of ornament, and martial music
and parade. By no possibility, or mob-interdict,
could the Parisians have long dispensed with the
glittering cavalry, symmetric infantry, and heart-
stirring orchestras of the "army of Paris, of at
least fifty thousand men," which the assembly
voted yesterday afternoon by acclamation. "The
piston," observes Lamartine's journal, "did the
work; the mountain alone protested." As much
influence may be ascribed to the prevailing idea
within and without, that Paris must be rendered
safe from insurrection.

Two of the extremely mischievous incendiary journals of the higher class have just expired. That of Prudhon, entitled Le Répresentant du Peuple, not merely vindicated the insurrection, but urged the mass of small tenants to combine at once in framing a decree, which they could forc upon the assembly, enacting that all landlords should forego a third of their rents until the year 1851. President Cavaignac crushed the journal by decree. Lamennais has yielded up the ghost for his Peuple Constituant, on the allegation that he cannot collect the security-sum which the government resolved to exact. His valedictory is a piece of raving against Cavaignac and all the new masters, akin in violence and venom to the imprecations of Corneille's Camilla on victorious Rome. The ex-priest-nearly threescore and ten-had not a tear or lament for the martyred archbishop, but melted in pity for the savages of the barricades; "the poor people, victims of foreign bribery and domestic starvation." His leading article of the 3d inst. opens thus: "It is more and more evident that the insurrection was only one of those dreadful massacres successively organized by royalty on all points of Europe." He could perceive nothing in it except dire revenge of the foreign and French conspirators, on the heroic agents of the revolution of February. Prudhon and Lamennais are both, you know, members of the assembly, and to this circumstance-if they escape prosecution-they will owe their impunity. Their reputation, vein and dispositions, render them formidable.

In their sitting of yesterday, the assembly entertained what they will certainly pass, bills for the appropriation of half a million of francs in aid of the theatres of the capital; of two hundred and seventy thousand for the grand opera apart; and of two hundred and fifty thousand as alms to destitute artists and men of letters. The ex-minister of the treasury, Duclerc, mentioned that not a few of these had been reduced to the necessity of joining the national ateliers. We have a "lengthy" petition from the Republican Society of Literati, Emile Girardin, another firebrand, powerful on the condition of the press, in which they say and profligate in his way, has been released; "The publication of books being at an end, the but his Presse remains under sequestration. He journals have become the only resource of the has promised a pamphlet of explanation and comwriters, printers, and all branches of industry ap- plaint; but not being of the assembly, he is likely pertaining to the preparation and distribution of to practise silence or caution until martial law be printed writings." A few days ago, I was told rescinded. Cavaignac had, no doubt, adequate by the clerks of my purveyor, Dentu, in the Palais motives for keeping him in solitary confinement Royal, that they had not sold a book for six twelve long days. In March, the mob were preweeks pamphlets and single sheets alone. There vented by the authorities from demolishing his

types. A convocation of the stockholders of La | with wings for separate sittings on ordinary occaPresse, representing the property, have addressed sions, and a hall in the centre where they could meet a protest to the executive chief, and the president on the unusual ones. The whole parliament would of the assembly. Let me translate for you some the chamber of representatives, and 250 the senate. consist of 750 members, of whom 500 would form of their statements. "Our property is extremely The representative was to be elected by the depart injured by the sequestration. Of seventy thousand ment for three years, and the senator by the whole subscribers to La Presse, fifteen thousand at least, of France for five years. A fifth part would go whose subscription expired on the 30th of June, out every year, and then every elector would have have left us for other papers. The six or seven to draw up a list of 50 each year; thus the chamthousand whose subscription ends on the 16th ber of representatives would represent all the local July, will do the same; thus, and in other modes, both, united on grand occasions, would express the interests, and the senate all the general ones— we lose about thirty thousand subscribers, whose will of the whole of France. payments amounted to three hundred thousand francs cash. Twenty editors, twenty-five clerks and bureau agents, seventy correctors and compositors, twenty mechanicians and margers, sixty carriers, sixty folders, five hundred distributors, are deprived of pay, and of the means of livelihood for their families. The treasury loses two thousand two hundred francs daily, and the paper and ink makers and typefounders a daily consumption of the value of four thousand francs." Is there so large and populous a newspaper establishment in the United States?

Paris, 13 July, 1848.

The sixth of Professor Chevalier's Studies on

Allow me to give you a version of one honest "France needs passage of Chevalier's sixth study. truth, which alone can alleviate her ills. I will, therefore, from love of country, venture to say, most respectfully, that if we are of all nations that which possesses the quickest and liveliest intelligence, we are, at the same time, one of the most ignorant in matters of politics and administration. We know nothing absolutely of what other nations are, and, worse still, we do not know ourselves. If proof were wanting of our lack of political knowledge, I could find an abundance at every stage of our history. Nothing is known that is not studied. Look at the provisional gov. What a rule, what decrees, what a civil and comernment from whose hands we have just escaped. mercial code, what finances, great God! It was not from perversity that so many false measures were heaped up. The fault was more in little knowledge. The provisional government emptied its shallow store."

the Constitution of the United States occupies four and a half columns of the Journal des Débats of the day before yesterday. He strenuously advocates a senate for France, from American example, and the reasonings of our old political oracles. But he impairs his purpose by assuming too much of a federal character and genius for our general In regard to the finances, at the present mogovernment. Most of the French publicists and legislators persist in regarding our Union as a fed-ment, M. Goudchaux, the minister, a Jew banker, has honestly done his best; but the prospects are eration simply or chiefly, and, since French unity is the universal dogma, it is a common idea that scarcely brightened. The loan of a hundred and fifty millions of francs from the Bank of France no American institution can be applicable to France. Chevalier argues thus-"The present federal gratified the whole assembly; a decided contrariegovernment lies principally in a congress. I lay ty of opinion arose on the conversion of the outall stress on the word, because it indicates the federal nature of the government of which Washington is the seat, and its affinities with the Swiss diet and the diet at Frankfort." This truly is not quite profound, whether in polity or etymology. It seems from the votes of the committees of the assembly, that there is a majority, rather large, for a single legislative body. The réunion of members at the Palais Royal, purists and old republicans, have come to the same conclusion. There will be a vigorous struggle, however, for a senate when the whole assembly undertake the discussion. Here is a new plan:

standing exchequer bills, and the savings' funds into government stocks at rates above those of the market. Six hundred millions are added to the

funded debt, and there is a partial bankruptcy towards the unlucky possessors of the Bons du Trésor and the humbler classes who trusted their savings to the national faith.

A majority of the journals, even the professed champions of order, are restive under the stringent bills-the revival of old monarchical lawswhich the executive has submitted to the assemnal winces because its pockets are touched, and bly, for the regulation of the press. Every jourit knows that it may, in order to save its party, M. Victor Hugo thought that one chamber would become factious in its turn. The legitimist, halfsuit best in times of revolution, and two in times of inclined to the triumph of anarchy, which would peace, but as revolutions were the exception, he favor ultimately the alternative of Henry V., considered that two chambers were necessary. He chimes, in softer notes, with the few Jacobin organs should propose to have the chamber of representa- that survive under martial law. Some console tives elected by the departments, and the senate by themselves with the reflections-society must disthe whole of France; for the former, it would be necessary to have 2,000 votes at least, and for the pense with political freedom, when it cannot exist latter 100,000 votes. As to the execution of the at all save on that condition; a government of prinplan, nothing was more simple-a large building ciples and guaranties is a fine thing, but if we can

have one of force only, we prefer infinitely the disciplined and protective force of the army to the lawless and destructive rule of the demagogues; the sword of glory is better than the revolutionary pike with its trophies. You may find the just

medium in these remarks:

As regards the public we are quite sure that all intelligent persons, who desire liberty without licentiousness, have a strong conviction that, let the form of government be what it may, public tranquillity is impossible with the unrestricted exercise of the means of provocation and excitement. For men to be allowed to write what they please with impunity, a very different state of society from that in which we live is necessary. There must for this be something like respect for laws and institutions in the minds of all writers, and the public must be sufficiently enlightened to distinguish between the honest energy of patriots and the designs of demagogues.

You should have heard the cries and witnessed the aspect of the Mountain or Jacobin group in the assembly, when the bills concerning the press

and clubs were read. Old Lamennais crossed his

and citizens respond eagerly to the declaration of the executive-that no compromise will be made with the anarchists. Credit and business are reanimated in a small degree by the energetic and resolute demeanor of the government. It wins the more favor, as the disclosures of every day show the anarchical conspiracy to have wider ramifications and a larger body of votaries, in the provinces as well as the capital, than the Paris world supposed. Orders have been transmitted for disarmaments of suspected guards and operatives throughout the country. Cabet relates, in a recent number of his journal, that conflagration was part of the plan of the red republic. It is provided in the programme of the plots detected this week, that the female pupils of the many boarding schools in the faubourgs and precincts, and the daughters of the bourgeoise, should be seized and placed on the first or forward barricades to be erected to afford time for operations behind. The guards and the line would have to stay their The National of this day, breaks a lance for the clubs, fire, though under that of the barricaders. allowing, however, for the "excessively difficult and perplexing situation of the government." This journal and its dynasty are extruded more and more; they cannot entirely dispense with the instrument of their rule in the outset which may be more needed when they have matured new schemes for reconquering Paris. They now harp on their "old democratic programme"-forgotten when they culminated.

arms on his breast, contracted his diminutive frame, and after casting glances up and on every side, closed his sunken eye, and compressed, indignantly or despairingly, his livid lip. On the very morning he had proclaimed that his paper died with the republic. Flocon, Cremieux, Ledru-Rollin, and other cast-off ministers and their chief associates, flounce or flounder like fish thrown into mire. It is well to offer you an abstract of the club bill: My unpretending patriotism was startled in readAny citizens are permitted to open a club, pro-ing in a London paper of the 10th inst. the annexed vided they make a preliminary declaration of their paragraph::intention to the proper authorities-to the prefect of police at Paris, and to the mayor of the commune in the departments, the said declaration must be made at least 48 hours in advance; all the sittings must be public, and, at least a quarter of the seats must be reserved for strangers; a government functionary may be present at all the sittings in a seat especially reserved for him; a procès verbal of the proceedings of each sitting is to be drawn up by president and secretaries; no club can ever resolve itself into a secret committee, nor can any propositions tending to excite disturbance or civil war be brought forward; any one contravening these provisions is to be subjected to a fine of from 100fr. to 500fr., and, if thought necessary, to a suspension of civic rights for a period of one year at least, and three at most.

Whoever appears at a club with arms is to be liable to an imprisonment of from three to six months, and to the privation of civic rights of from three to ten years. The tribunals can order the closing of a club when convicted of having contravened any of the above enactments; and, in case of the club meeting after the order of dissolution has been pronounced, the parties so offending are to be liable to an imprisonment of from six months to a year, and to a suspension of civic rights for from five to ten years.

MISSION OF MR. MEAGHER TO THE UNITED STATES.-The confederates and their clubs have been working in secret since the passing of the Treason Felony Act. One portion of the plans of the Executive Directory, however, has transpired, namely, the mission of Mr. T. F. Meagher to the United States. There are various rumors as to Some are credulous the object of this move. enough to believe that Mr. Meagher is to join an expedition of sympathizers, from some American port, to rescue John Mitchell from the British authorities at Bermuda; others state that Mr. Meagher is to make a tour of the United States to organize clubs similar to those in Ireland, in order that the Irish confederates may be able to calculate the ex

tent of their resources.

Beware of clubs in the United States. They have chiefly contributed to ruin the cause of liberty in France and Germany, and will do the same in Ireland. Remember those which Genet made it a duty of his mission to organize, and which Washington anathematized. Your general and state governments will, no doubt, resist the formation and action of such cabals, as far and promptly as possible. By insurrection, Ireland would be only Among the extracts which I enclose, you have plunged into a more horrid gulf of misery and slasome from the proceedings of the national assem- very. This opinion has been communicated to me, bly on Tuesday, by which your readers will know within the three months past, by Irish gentlemen at once the present phasis of the revolving French of extensive observation, who had just before visplanet. An immense plurality of the legislators ited nearly the whole surface of the island, with as

lively sympathy for Irish wrongs and sufferings, | remain only four millions! which will be exhausted and as patriotic an alacrity to engage in any practi- in August next. A loan of twenty-five millions is cable scheme of redress, as can be felt or manifested suggested as a necessary expedient.