showing the areas to which people of the country may be evacuated during office working hours. We do have many other things to do and we are getting to the point now, if we are going to provide protection, we have to start spending money. Mr. LUDLOW. May I ask-you began last July. Out of what funds have you proceeded, so far? Mr. REYNOLDS. We were proceeding in a very limited way out of funds we would normally use for future planning. Mr. LUDLOW. About how much is obligated to date, do you think? Mr. REYNOLDS. It has been relatively small as far as that particular activity is concerned. Mr. LUDLOW. I am not criticizing your action. Mr. REYNOLDS. We have spent in excess of $300,000 for black-out materials and so forth on buildings outside of the District of Columbia, especially on the west coast. We have even gone so far as to camouflage the exterior of the mint building in San Francisco. It was a white building standing on a hill, a perfect landmark for bombers as they approached the city. PROPOSED EXPENDITURES UNDER PLANS 1 AND 2 Under plan No. 1, the break-down is substantially this, as set up in discussions with the Bureau of the Budget: Guards and patrols, $2,500,000. Mr. LUDLOW. You are referring to this plan which contemplates an expenditure of $4,600,000? Mr. REYNOLDS. That is right. Mr. LUDLOW. In collaboration with the Civilian Defense? Mr. REYNOLDS. That is right. Mr. LUDLOW. That is plan No. 1? Mr. REYNOLDS. Plan No. 1. Mr. LUDLOW. All right. Go ahead. Mr. REYNOLDS. In addition to the $3,500,000, there is $1,000,000 set aside to prevent unauthorized access to structures and facilities and $100,000 for unpredictable items. Now, plan No. 2. Mr. LUDLOW. Describe plan No. 2 a little more definitely and state just what it is. Mr. REYNOLDS. I think perhaps by reading the break-down I will give you some indication, Mr. Chairman, as to what we have in mind: Black-out requirements, $1,500,000. Evacuation of valuable materials, $2,000,000. That means Washington and all other cities where there are now valuable materials which should be removed in the case of hostile attack. Mr. SNYDER. That is Government materials? Mr. REYNOLDS. Government materials. SPACE REQUIRED FOR VALUABLE MATERIALS TO BE EVACUATED (See p. 95) Mr. O'NEAL. How much space does that require? Mr. REYNOLDS. I cannot answer the question as to space. We have no valuation of the materials themselves, except that it is extremely high, and the valuation of buildings we are talking about is approximately $4,000,000,000. Mr. O'NEAL. I wondered how you arrived at the $2,000,000. Are you figuring on carrying charges, or space? You are going to carry it, or how do you arrive at the $2,000,000? Mr. REYNOLDS. We arrived at the $2,000,000 simply as a good estimate of what we thought it might be. We made a study of materials within the District of Columbia that may be moved out. As a matter of fact, there was very extensive study in the District. Mr. O'NEAL. What space are your areas? You must have had some reasons. Mr. REYNOLDS. We move them out into areas that are not subject to attack. Mr. O'NEAL. I realize that, but what amount are you planning to move, in the way of cubic footage? You had some basis for the $2,000,000. How did you arrive at the $2,000,000 instead of $10,000,000, or $1,000,000? Mr. REYNOLDS. We arrived at $2,000,000 in this manner. We figured that in the District of Columbia, based upon a very thorough study, actually counting materials almost piece by piece, it would cost about $500,000, and the best estimates that we could get from the various departments and agencies material outside of the District may be in the proportion of 3 to 1 to that in the District. Mr. O'NEAL. I yet have not the slightest idea what in the world that is based on, whether material which would take so much space, and freight cars, so much space to move, or so much space in storage or how in the world you arrived at the $2,000,000. Can you not give us some idea ts to what you are planning to move?. Mr. REYNOLDS. Could I submit the detailed figures for the record, for you? Mr. O'NEAL. Well, I posed this, so we could have some idea on it. We were supposed to be voting on it. I suppose we might have some idea as to the amount of storage, for instance. You are going to rent storage some place, where you are going to put it. You do not have to identify on the record where this space is going to be, but how much space are you going to contract for, and how much money are you going to pay for it? How much for actual railroad freight charge? Give us something that will afford us some idea about it, Mr. Reynolds, that is all. PROPOSED EXPENDITURE UNDER PLAN 2 Mr. LUDLOW. Suppose you give us as definite a break-down as you could of plan No. 2-as definite as you can, all the way through. Mr. REYNOLDS. I will finish and then come back to this item? Mr. O'NEAL. That is all right with me. I just wanted to know something about it. Mr. REYNOLDS. Emergency repairs, $1,000,000; fire-control equipment, $1,000,000; miscellaneous protective construction, $5,000,000; construction of shelter, evacuated materials, $2,500,000; and administrative expenses, $500,000. SPACE REQUIRED FOR VALUABLE MATERIAL TO BE EVACUATED Mr. LUDLOW. Now, can you give more definite information, in reply to Mr. O'Neal's question, as to the basic facts on which you predicated this?• Mr. REYNOLDS. The final figure for the District is 400,000 cubic feet of material. Mr. O'NEAL. That is to be moved, within the District? Mr. REYNOLDS. That was to be moved from the District. Mr. LUDLOW. To safe places? Mr. REYNOLDS. To safe places; and that was reduced down to carloads or truckloads, with the actual figures on the cartage and truckage and guarding. Mr. LUDLOW. Would you have those figures available? Mr. REYNOLDS. I have not that with me. Mr. LUDLOW. Could you put them in the record in response to Mr. O'Neal's question? Mr. O'NEAL. What about storage? Have you that, at the point where it is to be stored? Mr. REYNOLDS. Only for guarding purposes. Mr. O'NEAL. There is no charge then set up for rental of space or anything of that kind? Mr. REYNOLDS. Oh, yes; that is all within the estimate, sir. Mr. O'NEAL. Is that within the $2,000,000? Mr. REYNOLDS. That is right. It is a relatively small amount, as a matter of fact. Mr. MARCELLUS C. SHEILD, Appropriations Committee, House of Representatives, MARCH 17, 1942. Washington, D. C. DEAR MR. SHEILD: The following information is submitted in compliance with request of the subcommittee to supplement information on the quantity of materials to be evacuated in connection with the emergency safeguarding plan. Owing to the haste required in making the plans and the extended territory to be covered, it has been impossible to make an extensive survey to determine the quantity of materials that should be evacuated from the border of the country. The survey has been made in the District of Columbia of materials sufficiently important so that their preservation must be assured including records, books, manuscripts, scientific apparatus and objects, works of art, and so forth, necessary to the conservation of our cultural, scientific, and historical resources or to the preservation of legal rights. This survey revealed a total of approximately 500,000 cubic feet of materials of first importance. In the opinion of those capable of judging, only about 400,000 cubic feet would be seriously considered for evacuation at this time, and the quantity might be slightly less. Estimating on a total of materials for the border of the country, and computing cost of containers, packing, transportation, and storage, together with services required for guarding and caring for the materials, it is clear that the amount requested for this purpose will provide for evacuating only a portion of the materials believed to be in this class. The amount requested for this purpose, while apparently large to the amounts requested for other protective measures, is explained by the fact that evacuation is one of the first protective steps undertaken on a large scale. The removal and storage of materials is a complex undertaking which can only be done successfully 70270-42-pt. 1-7 when there is time for the exercise of care. Once the bombs fall and active defense begins, it is too late to risk the evacuation of the more important materials. I trust that this explanation will answer the question in the committee's mind regarding this item. Very truly yours, W. E. REYNOLDS. Commissioner of Public Buildings. EMERGENCY REPAIRS Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Reynolds, I think you might take up each one of these groups, here, and give us a definite figure for each one. For instance, you had "Emergency repairs," and you gave us a definite amount, did yon not? Mr. REYNOLDS. Yes; I gave you $1,000,000. Mr. LUDLOW. What is the break-down of that? How do you arrive at that? Mr. REYNOLDS. The only way that we could arrive at any of these figures was this-and I think you gentlemen will appreciate the problem that is involved. We have made an analysis of every structure practically that we will have to protect. Mr. LUDLOW. This is a Nation-wide program, isn't it? Mr. REYNOLDS. This is a Nation-wide program. Mr. LUDLOW. It relates to the public or Federal buildings? Mr. REYNOLDS. Federal buildings, other than those for the Army and Navy. Mr. LUDLOW. How many structures are involved? Mr. REYNOLDS. About 4,000-3,500 to 4,000 facilities, and some of those will have a number of buildings, like a hospital group. Mr. LUDLOW. Now, go ahead and tell us your formula. You were about to give us your formula by which you arrived at that figure. Mr. REYNOLDS. We have taken each building, and each item, and have analyzed not only its location but the character of construction and the probable hazard it would be exposed to. Now, in the preparation of this code we worked out three standards or three degrees of hazard, extreme, dangerous, and moderate. The fourth, which we do not mention, would be those that we consider do not require protection of any kind. The second factor is the determination of the functional priority of each Federal agency or appropriate part thereof of the necessity for its operation during the present national emergency. Now, this code will provide the detailed operations that must be done in any structure, dependent upon those two factors. The degree of hazard will be determined for us by the Army and the Navy. The degree or the functional activity of any group will be determined by the Budget on how important any agency is to the war effort. With those two factors, you enter a table which automatically tells you what protection you should give. Now, in maximum protection you get everything that is reasonably possible for protection. Four of the people helping us in solving these problems have spent a good deal of time in England studying the effects of bombs and what you have to do to protect against flying glass and blasts and all that sort of thing. FIRE-CONTROL EQUIPMENT Mr. LUDLOW. You have here, Mr. Reynolds, for fire-control equipment, $2,000,000 allocated. What would be the break-down on that? How much equipment, and where would it be distributed? Mr. REYNOLDS. For us to tell you exactly where we are going to spend this money is just impossible. The only thing that we could do was to provide a reasonable approach. Mr. LUDLOW. How do you arrive at the $1,000,000 dollars instead of some other figure? Mr. REYNOLDS. The million dollars is simply what we think is going to be necessary to get us started on the work. The million dollars is definitely inadequate if you get a sustained bombing attack even on the west coast. Mr. LUDLOW. "Fire-control equipment." Does that mean fire engines? Mr. REYNOLDS. Well, you have material in the building and all that sort of thing you have to have within a structure. Mr. LUDLOW. You do not know just as to what cities you would distribute this material? 0,000 (There was discussion off the record.) Mr. LUDLOW. Congress has given $100,000,000 to the Office of Civilian Defense for these purposes, a large part of this is for this same sort of fire equipment. Are you in any way duplicating their efforts? Mr. REYNOLDS. No; not in the slightest. We are cooperating 100 percent with the Office of Civilian Defense, and certainly would not buy anything that they had available. What we are talking about here is largely within the structures themselves. Mr. LUDLOW. Within the buildings themselves? Mr. REYNOLDS. Yes, sir. Mr. LUDLOW. And you do not know definitely-I am not pressing that but you do not know where this would be distributed? Mr. REYNOLDS. No; because the attack may happen on the city of Washington; we do not know. Mr. LUDLOW. Where would this equipment be assembled, and where would it be sent from in case an emergency arises? Where would it be kept? Mr. REYNOLDS. We do not propose to spend any great amount of money for equipment until a determination has been made by the Army and the Navy as to the state of hazard existing, and the agency that is using the building. Mr. LUDLOW. But you cannot procure this equipment right out of the blue sky? Mr. REYNOLDS. No; you could buy some of it. Mr. LUDLOW. You would have to place it on order? Mr. REYNOLDS. Yes; you could place on order some of the equip ment. MISCELLANEOUS PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTION Mr. LUDLOW. You have set up for "Miscellaneous protective construction" $5,000,000. Just what does that mean? Mr. REYNOLDS. That means the protection against splinters, bombs, and so forth. Mr. LUDLOW. What kind of construction? |