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File No. 763.72114/432

The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Germany (Gerard)

[Telegram]

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, December 30, 1914.

Your 1148, 19th. Circular instruction, November 20, regarding reports on detention camps, issued because Department did not desire its diplomatic officers should be subject to charge of partiality, a probable result if diplomatic officers undertook generally the responsibility of advising the countries at war regarding conditions of camps where their officers and men were detained.

In view of German Government's request, the Department will inquire of the British Government whether there is objection to your appointment of some one to investigate German detention camps in England.

1

Your December 23, 1 p. m.1 With approval German authorities representative of Embassy may visit detention camp at Burg.

BRYAN

File No. 763.72114/151

The Ambassador in Great Britain (Page) to the Secretary of State

[Telegram]

AMERICAN EMBASSY, London, January 2, 1915. [Received 4 p. m.]

1386. Your 851. For Gerard, Berlin. Sir Edward Grey has just informed me that permission will be given to any impartial person from the American Embassy in Berlin for whom we make application to visit the camps in the United Kingdom where German prisoners are kept.

AMERICAN AMBASSADOR

PROTECTION OF AMERICAN INTERESTS AND INSTITUTIONS IN TURKEY

File No, 367.11/165

The Ambassador in Turkey (Morgenthau) to the Secretary of State

[Telegram]

AMERICAN EMBASSY,

Constantinople, August 5, 1914, 12 noon.
[Received August 7, 11.40 p. m.]

Consul General at Beirut telegraphs as follows:

In the absence of all European cruisers on the Syrian coast public opinion clamors for the presence of some American vessels to prevent anarchy. Please arrange Secretary of State.

Urgent.

'Not printed.

Scorpion absolutely necessary here. If Beirut request is granted, I wish to warn you Smyrna and Black Sea similar demand.

MORGENTHAU

The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Turkey (Morgenthau)

[Telegram]

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, August 8, 1914, 5 p. m. Cannot send ships to Beirut, Smyrna, and Black Sea. Scorpion will remain at Constantinople.

W. J. BRYAN

File No. 367.11/171

The Ambassador in Turkey (Morgenthau) to the Secretary of State

[Telegram]

AMERICAN EMBASSY,

Constantinople, August 11, 1914, 12 midnight.

[Received August 16, 8.20 p. m.]

Consul Jackson telegraphs to-day that owing to critical situation and financial crisis fears exist for public safety and for the preservation of American lives and interests and also as an act of humanity American ships should be sent to Syrian ports.

MORGENTHAU

File No. 367.11/173

The Ambassador in Turkey (Morgenthau) to the Secretary of State

[Telegram]

AMERICAN EMBASSY,

Constantinople, August 13, 1914, 3 p. m.

Received August 15, 4.46 p. m.] Glazebrook telegraphs Americans at Jaffa request war vessel. Authorities, taking advantage of present lack of concerted action of powers, are disregarding capitulations. They threaten to board foreign ships for the purpose of requisitioning their cargoes. When Italian Embassy appealed to Secretary of the Interior the latter said, "It is a shame to talk of capitulations now."

MORGENTHAU

File No. 367.11/172

The Ambassador in Turkey (Morgenthau) to the Secretary of State

[Telegram]

AMERICAN EMBASSY,

Constantinople, August 15, 1914, 3 p. m.
[Received August 16,6 p. m.]

Referring to my cable of this morning,1 Smyrna also has requested presence of war vessels.'

MORGENTHAU

File No. 763.72/530

The Ambassador in Turkey (Morgenthau) to the Secretary of State

[Telegram]

AMERICAN EMBASSY,

Constantinople, August 19, 1914, 2 p. m.

[Received August 20, 9 a. m.] Have received following telegrams from Smyrna and Jerusalem respectively:

Governor General has stated to Greek Metropolitan in case of bombardment or occupation he would burn city and massacre foreigners. Christians and Europeans greatly frightened. Number British families have left. Americans repeatedly calling Consulate for protection. Tension British-Turkish relations contains gravest possibilities. Repeat request for war vessel.

Military authorities seizing supplies of foreigners. Protests unavailing. Violation of domicile continues. Sixteen thousand troops concentrated Nablouse without visible support. Reign of military terrorism. Great distress prevails. American Jewish community beseeches financial aid and food from America. Will you transmit appeal? Urgent.

Have obtained through cooperation of Vice Consul Heizer equivalent of $57,850 in Turkish gold for which I gave my draft on you as owners would not part with it for anything else. This furnishes help for everyone and relieves you from sending gold. I have distributed the same as follows: Scorpion $8,900, for which I shall send their draft on the Secretary of the Navy; $17,800, which amount on your demand will be deposited with you by Frank H. Wiggins, 14 Beacon Street, Boston; Bible Society $4,450, which amount will be deposited with you on your demand by Foulke Bible House, New York; College for Girls $4,000, for which I shall forward check on Boston; Kendall, contractor of the same, the sum of $2,675, as collateral for which he gave me Boston check on Girls College for $5,000, which I am forwarding, and when check paid, I desire to advance him the rest; Robert College $5,000, which will be repaid to you on demand

'Not printed. See ante, p. 66, for the telegram from Ambassador Morgenthau transmitting pleas for the despatch of warships from the Consul General in Beirut and from President Bliss of the American College there.

'Requests for the despatch of warships to Smyrna for the protection of American commercial interests were also addressed to the Department on August 17 by two large companies interested in the importation, respectively, of tobacco and licorice root (File Nos. 367.11/188,189).

by their treasurer at 99 John Street, New York; Consul General $1,856.55, for which I am forwarding you his drafts. The rest I am retaining for myself and to help stranded Americans. My New York office will, when requested by you, send you a check for the shortage which may exist when the drafts are presented. As the urgency the situation compelled my acting without authority, I shall personally assume all responsibility. Situation here extremely critical. The Grand Vizier assures me no danger and Governor General's conduct will be investigated.

MORGENTHAU

File No. 367.11/185b

The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Turkey (Morgenthau)

[Telegram]

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, August 19, 1914, 8 p. m.

United States Government is considering sending warships to Turkish waters, but before doing so deems it advisable to sound European powers as to such action.

BRYAN

File No. 387.11/186

The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in France (Herrick)'

[Telegram]

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,

Washington, August 19, 1914, 9 p. m. American Ambassador at Constantinople in a number of telegrams has urged United States to send war vessels to Turkey for protection of lives and property of Christians. He states Turkish authorities are taking advantage of present conditions to disregard capitulations and it is feared Turkish Government will abrogate capitulations. Reports that when Italian Embassy went to Turkish Secretary of Interior latter replied, "It is a shame to talk of capitulations now." Ambassador quotes telegram from Consul General at Beirut: "In the absence of all European cruisers on Syrian coast public opinion clamors for presence of some American vessels to prevent anarchy." He also states that presence of warships have been requested in telegrams from Americans at Smyrna and Jaffa. Turks are threatening to board foreign ships for purpose of requisitioning provisions. Ambassador and American consuls all report anti-Christian propaganda very active throughout Turkey. Under existing conditions United States Government may be compelled to consider it necessary to send one or two American battleships to Turkey for the sole purpose of protecting the lives and property of Christians. You will present these facts to the French

'The same, mutatis mutandis, to the Ambassador in Germany to be forwarded to the Ambassador in Austria-Hungary (File No. 367.11/315b).

Government and ask if they can suggest any other method for the protection of Christians in Turkey. A similar inquiry is being made of all other interested belligerent powers. You will forward this telegram mutatis mutandis to American Ambassadors at London and St. Petersburg.

BRYAN

File No. 763.72/571

The Ambassador in Turkey (Morgenthau) to the Secretary of State

[Telegram]

AMERICAN EMBASSY, Constantinople, August 21, 1914, 9 a. m. onstant [Received August 22, 10 a. m.]

Your cipher telegram August 19, 9 [8] p. m. When you inform me of decision to send ships, shall I spread the information? Unrest is constantly increasing due to fears of war with Russia and expected internal trouble. Russians have already placed in our Embassy some of their valuables. British Ambassador greatly agitated about safety of his staff and their families in case war should be declared and British ships force Dardanelles. Have arranged with Robert College that if emergency arises I take possession of it and provide quarters and food for entire American colony and English and French diplomatic families. Russian Ambassador will in that case leave on his stationnaire. Shall have Scorpion anchor in front of college. Have worked out all details of protection with Commander McCauley and military attaché of British Embassy. Am personally not in the least alarmed and feel that I can protect the colony. Making these provisions has already quieted everybody. Am communicating these details so that if shock comes and communications are cut off, you can reassure all inquirers.

MORGENTHAU

File No. 307.11/186

The Ambassador in Germany (Gerard) to the Secretary of State

[Telegram]

AMERICAN EMBASSY,
Berlin, August 22, 1914.
[Received 12.30 p. m.]

Substance of your telegram of August 19, 9 p. m., presented to the Foreign Office. They have refused suggestion your proposals.

GERARD

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