States, 149-50; his Berlin
Decree, 187; his Milan De-
cree, 188; sequesters American
vessels, 189-200; and the em-
bargo, 191-92; revokes de-
crees, 200.
of western, 248; constitution
of 1821, 304-05.
New York City, and Western
trade, 255-56; as a literary
center, 286.
Nicholson, Joseph, and the im-
peachment of Pickering, 139;
on the nature of impeachable
offenses, 140.
National Gazette, Republican
newspaper, 65.
National Road, construction of,
256; appropriations for, 258;
bill for collection of tolls on,
309.
Naturalization Act, of 1798,
109; of 1801, 135-36.
Navigation laws, want of power
in Congress to pass, 7; of
the States, 8; passed by Con-
gress (1789), 51; and ship-Nootka Sound affair, 69.
ping, 124.
Navy of the United States, in
1798-99, 101; under Jefferson,
133; in Tripolitan War, 144-
45; in the War of 1812, 212–
30, passim.
Navy Department, established,
Neutrality, proclamation of,
Neutral trade. See Commerce.
New England Confederacy, pro-
jected in 1804, 163–66.
New England Federalism, char-
acteristics of, 161-63; and the
embargo, 192-93, 195-96.
New Hampshire, ratifies the
Constitution, 41; on assump-
tion, 60; and the Hartford
Convention, 224.
New Jersey, and its neighbors
under the Confederation, 8;
ratifies the Constitution, 41.
New Orleans, battle of, 227.
Newspapers, character of, in
1800, 107, 110, 112; founding
of, 112.
New York, treatment of the
Tories in, 4; ratifies the Con-
stitution, 42-43; settlement
Nominating methods, changes
in, 305, 307, 308.
Non-Importation Act of 1806.
181, 188.
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809,
196; evasions of, 198-99; en-
forcement of, 198-99; revived
against England, 201.
North American Review, founded
283-84.
North Carolina, and the Wa-
tauga settlers, 14-15; rejects
the Constitution, 44; ratifies
the Constitution, 55.
Northwest, receives settlers
from New England, 13-14,
247; from the Middle States,
248; from the South, 248-49;
commerce of, 252-54.
Ohio Company, origin of, 10-11;
concessions of Congress to,
11-12; begins colonization, 13.
Ohio, taxes branch Bank of the
United States, 268; seizes
funds, 340; forced to make
restitution, 341.
Olmstead, Gideon, claimant in
federal courts, 333–34.
Onis, Luis de, Spanish Minister
to the United States, 262–64.
Orders in council, of 1783, 3; of
1793-94, 77-78; of 1807, 188;
withdrawal in 1812, 210.
Ordinance of 1784, 9; of 1785,
10; of 1787, 12-13.
Oregon, joint occupation of, 259.
Otis, Harrison Gray, 225.
Pasha of Tripoli, 143, 145.
Paterson, William, in the Fed-
eral Convention, 31-32.
Patronage. See Appointments.
Pennsylvania, and the Federal
judiciary, 333-35.
Perry, Oliver H., wins naval
supremacy of Lake Erie, 217.
Philadelphia, as the seat of
government, 119-20; as a lit-
erary center, 123; and West-
ern trade, 254, 256.
Pickering, John, impeachment
of, 138-39.
Pickering, Timothy, Secretary
of State, 103, 113; on the
Louisiana Treaty, 156; plots a
New England confederacy,
164; opposes the embargo,
193; secessionist in 1814, 225.
Pike, Zebulon M., expeditions
of, 153.
Pinckney, Charles, and the elec-
tion of 1800, 117.
Pinckney, Charles C., Minister
to France, 95; commissioner
to France, 96; and the X Y Z
affair, 98-99; appointed
major-general, 102; candi-
Presidency (1804), 167; can-
didate for the Presidency
(1808), 194.
Pinckney, Thomas, concludes
Treaty of San Lorenzo, 87;
candidate for the Vice-Presi-
dency (1800), 92–93.
Pinkney, William, Envoy to
England, 181; negotiates
treaty, 184; takes abrupt
leave, 201; on the admission
of Missouri, 276–77; influence
at the federal bar, 333.
Pittsburg, distributing center in
the West, 254.
Plattsburg, battle of, 221-22.
Port Folio, Dennie's, 283.
Postal service in 1800, 106.
Posts, retention of Western, 17,
68, 79, 84.
Potomac, navigation of, 16, 27-
28; location of the capital on,
Preble, Edward, and the Tripol-
itan War, 145.
Prescott, William H., 287.
Presidency, created in the Fed-
eral Convention, 34–35.
President, appointing and re-
moving power of, 52.
President, American frigate,
202.
Presidential elections, of 1788,
48; of 1792, 66-67; of 1796,
92-94; of 1800, 115-17; of
1801, 118-19; of 1804, 167; of
1808, 193-94; of 1812, 216–17;
of 1816, 243-44; of 1820, 280;
of 1824, 312-13, 316; of 1825,
314.
Prevost, Sir George, 221-22.
Privateers, in the War of 1812,
218-19.
Prophet, the, 205.
Public domain, origin of, 8.
date for the Vice-Presidency Quids, followers of Randolph,
(1800), 116; candidate for the
Rambouillet, decree of, 199-| Russell, Jonathan, commis-
200.
Randolph, Edmund, in the Fed-
eral Convention, 30-31; At-
torney-General, 55; on the
French treaties of 1778, 73.
Randolph, John, position in the
House, 134; in the Chase im-
peachment, 139-41; and the
Yazoo controversy, 169-70;
and the purchase of Florida,
171; and the indictment of
Burr, 177; derides the Non-
Importation Bill, 181; on the
cause of the War of 1812, 213;
on the Tariff of 1816, 237; on
state rights, 243; on the Tariff
of 1828, 330.
Rapp, George, 302.
Relief Act of 1821, 269.
Republican court at Philadel-
phia, 119-20.
Republican party, origin of, 64-
67. See also Presidential
elections.
Revivals in New England, 288.
Rhea letter to General Jackson,
261.
Rhode Island, opposes changes
in the Articles of Confedera-
tion, 6; paper money craze,
18-19; out of the new Union,
44; ratifies the Constitution,
55; and the Hartford Con-
vention, 224.
Right of deposit at New Orleans,
87; withdrawn, 148.
Roane, Spencer, resists judg-
ment in the case of Martin v.
Hunter's Lessee, 336; attacks
the federal judiciary, 338-39.
Robertson, James, 14, 68.
Rodgers, John, 201, 202.
Rose, George, 186-87.
Rule of 1756, 76-77, 179-80.
Rush, Benjamin, Minister to
England, 259; Canning's over-
tures to, 294.
sioner at Ghent, 227.
Russia, offers to mediate in
1813, 227; and the Holy Alli-
ance, 291; and intervention,
292; claims on the Pacific
Coast, 293; concludes the
Treaty of 1824, 296.
Rutgers v. Waddington, 4.
Rutledge, John, 54.
St. Clair, Arthur, Governor of
Northwest Territory, 14; de-
feated by the Indians, 70.
San Lorenzo, Treaty of, 87.
Santo Domingo, negro republic,
146; resists French expedi-
tion, 146-47.
Scioto Company, land grants to,
Scott, Winfield, 220.
Sedition Act, prosecutions un-
der, 114.
Seminole War, 260–62.
Sevier, John, 15, 68.
Shaker Societies, 302.
Shays' Rebellion, 20–22.
Shipping, of the United States,
during the European wars,
124, 126; after the Treaty of
Ghent, 234.
Simcoe, J. G., 80.
Slater, Samuel, 124.
Slavery, debated in Congress,
270-71, 277; in Missouri, 270;
extent in 1789, 271-72; de-
crease in North, 272; recog-
nized by the Constitution,
272-73; congressional legisla-
tion on, 273-74; and the Mis-
souri Compromise, 277.
Slave trade, acts relating to,
273; extent of, 273; forbidden
by the Act of 1807, 273-74;
extent of, after 1808, 274.
Smith, Joseph, 302.
Smith, Robert, 140, 198.
Smith, William, 105.
Somers, Richard, 145.
South, effect of cotton gin upon,
250; extention of cotton-
growing in, 251-52; becomes
the market for Northwest,
252-53.
South American republics, rec-
ognition of, 289-91.
South Carolina, ratifies the
Constitution, 41.
Southwest, colonization of, 14–
15, 249-52; commerce of, 15-
16; a frontier society, 251-52;
diverges from Northwest,
Spain, disputes the line of 1783,
16-17; in the Southwest, 68,
70; concludes Treaty of San
Lorenzo, 87; withholds posts,
97; cedes Louisiana to France,
146; retains the Floridas, 159;
menaced by the United
States, 170-72; threatens hos-
tilities, 173-74; in East Flor-
ida, 260; protests against
Jackson's invasion, 262; cedes
the Floridas to the United
States, 264; loses her Ameri-
can colonies, 289–90; invaded
by France, 292.
Specie payment, suspension of,
239; resumption of, 240-41.
Speculation, in Western lands,
10-12, 26-27; in government
paper, 58; in bank stock,
63-64.
Squatter, the, 251-52.
State banks, increase of, 239;
notes of, 266.
Steamboat, on Western waters,
253-54.
Story, Joseph, and Marshall,
333; appointed Associate Jus-
tice, 335; on criticism of the
judiciary, 339-40; opinion in
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee,
355-56.
Stuart, Gilbert, 285.
Supreme Court. See Federal
judiciary.
Survey Bill, vote in Congress
on, 309.
Symmes, John C., land grants
to, 11, 12; begins colony, 14.
Talleyrand-Périgord, C. M.,
urges acquisition of Louisiana,
98; and the X Y Z affair, 98–
99; to the American commis-
sioners, 100; and the retroces-
sion of Louisiana, 146; and
the cession of Louisiana to the
United States, 149-50; on the
boundaries of the province,
159.
Tallmadge, James, 270, 271.
Tariff Act, of 1789, 50-51; of
1816, 237-38; of 1824, 310–13;
of 1828, 328-30.
Tariff of Abominations. See
Tariff Act, of 1828.
Taylor, John, on agriculture at
the South, 126; on the
Louisiana Treaty, 156; on
state rights, 339.
Taylor, John W., 271.
Tecumseh, 205, 218, 219.
Tennessee, settlement of, 14;
intrigues in, 68; admitted as a
State, 92.
Thames, battle of the, 218.
Thomas, Jesse B., 275–76.
Ticknor, George, 287.
Tippecanoe, battle of, 206.
Tocqueville, De, on equality in
America, 300; on the charac-
ter of Western society, 301.
Tonnage dues, 51, 124.
Tories, persecution of, 3–5.
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 146.
Tracy, Uriah, on the Louisiana
Treaty, 155-56; on a New
England confederacy, 164.
Trade. See Commerce.
Transportation, in 1800, 105.
See also National Road, Ca-
nals, Internal improvements,
etc.
Travel, difficulties of, about
1800, 105-06; improvement
after the War of 1812, 255.
Treasury, Secretary of, bill to
establish, 52; reports of,
56-62.
Treaty-making power, debated
in House, 90-91.
Treaty of Paris (1783), 1;
(1794), 84-88; of Greenville
(1795), 87; of San Lorenzo
(1795), 87-88; of Morfon-
taine (1800), 104, 146; of
Louisiana (1803), 150; with
Tripoli (1805), 145; (1806),
184; (1809), 197; of Ghent
(1814), 229-30; with Spain
(1819), 264.
Trespass Act of New York, 4.
Trevett v. Weeden, 19.
Tripolitan War, 143–45.
Troup, George M., 325–26.
Trumbull, John, 236-37, 286.
Tudor, William, 283.
Turnpikes, construction of, 255.
provements, 319-20; on the
Supreme Court (1809), 335;
protests against decisions of
federal courts, 336-37; pro-
poses constitutional amend-
ment, 339.
War of 1812, preparations for,
208-09; motives for, 208-10;
vote for, 210; political as-
pects of, 212-13, 216-17, 223-
27; land operations of, 213-
14, 217-18, 220-23; naval
operations, 215-16, 218-19,
221-22; in the Southwest,
219-20; end of, 228; results
of, 231-44, 282.
Washington, George, on the
prospects of the United
States, 1; on Tories, 3; resign:
commission, 6; on the West,
16; on Shays' Rebellion, 23;
in the Federal Convention,
29; on the growth of industry,
46-47; elected President, 48;
inauguration, 48-50; appoint-
ments of, 54-55; and the
Bank Bill, 62-63; levees of,
65; reëlected President, 66-
67; proclaims neutrality, 73;
sends Jay on mission to Eng-
land, 79; and the Whiskey
Insurrection, 82-83; censures
Democratic Clubs, 83-84;
and the Jay Treaty, 86-88;
Farewell Address, 91-92; ap-
pointed head of provisional
army, 102.
Wasp, American sloop-of-war,
Watauga settlement, 14.
Wayne, Anthony, wins battle of
Fallen Timber, 80-81; secures
Treaty of Greenville, 87.
Webster, Daniel, on the princi-
ple of protection, 237; on uni-
versal suffrage, 305; and the
Tariff of 1828, 330; influence
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