8. The Social Evil and the White-Slave Traffic

Methods of Entry and Exploitation

9. Results of Traffic

10. Legislation and Administration

11. Importance Attached to the Social Effects of Immi-

gration

. 68

V-MANUFACTURING AND MINING COMMUNITIES

1. The Extent to Which Immigrant Colonies Exist 70

2. Types of Immigrant Communities

3. Segregation of the Immigrant Population

4. The Significance of Immigrant Communities

71

76

. 78

VI-RECENT IMMIGRANTS IN AGRICULTURE

1. The Returns of the Thirteenth Census.

2. The Older Immigration from Northern and Western

Europe

3. The Recent Agricultural Immigrants from Southern

13. Why the Immigrant Does Not Go to the Land

14. Getting the Immigrant on the Land.

VII-IMMIGRANT INSTITUTIONS

1. Unregulated Immigrant Banks

The Term Immigrant Bank a Misnomer

2. The Origin of Immigrant Banks

80

81

83

83

85

88

90

92

93

94

95

5. The Unsoundness of Immigrant Banks

Attempts at Regulation.

6. The Immigrant Press

7. Immigrant Churches.

8. Fraternal and Other Organizations

9. Immigrant Business Establishments

10. Coffee Houses and Saloons

PAGE

. 115

. 117

118

119

121

122

126

VIII-LIVING CONDITIONS AND CONGESTION

1. In Large Cities:

Congestion of Population a Serious Evil. . 127

Methods of Investigation.

127

Causes of Congested Districts

2. Industrial Cities and Towns

"The Boarding Boss System"

Overcrowding

Congestion in Sleeping-rooms

Rent in Its Relation to Standard of Living

Tendencies Exhibited by Recent Immigrants

Types of Immigrant Households . .

IX-THE STATUS OF IMMIGRANTS IN INDUSTRIES

1. Racial Classification of Industrial Workers

134

135

136

137

. 138

. 139

140

140

. 141

. 143

. 143

144

. 145

. 147

2. Length of Residence of Immigrant Employees

3. Reason for the Employment of Southern and East-

ern Europeans

5. Weekly and Daily Earnings According to Race, Age,

Sex, and Industry.

PAGE

6. Annual Earnings According to Race, Age, and Sex . 165

Annual Earnings of Male Heads of Families

7. Annual Family Income.

Sources of Family Income

Old and New Immigration Compared

168

169

170

173

X-THE FLOATING IMMIGRANT LABOR SUPPLY

1. Methods of Securing Work

175

.

Labor Agencies

The Padrone System

. 176

179

.

4. Earnings.

2. Racial Classification of Railroad and Other Construc-

tion Laborers

3. Period of Residence of Immigrant Workmen in the

United States

5. Characteristics of the Labor Supply

6. Housing and Living Conditions in the West

180

181

182

183

183

7. Working and Living Conditions in the South

8. The Commissary in Southern Camps

9. Southern Employers' Preferences for Labor

10. Maintenance of Law and Order in Southern Camps . 192

11. The Middle States

2. The Inefficiency of the Immigrant Has Encouraged

the Use of Machinery

198

3. The Employment of the Immigrant Has Changed

the Form of Industrial Organization.

199

4. Immigration Has Produced Unsatisfactory Condi-

tions of Employment .

The Effect of the Recent Immigrant upon

Standards of Living

PAGE

200

202

The Immigrant and Labor Organizations . 202

5. Racial Displacement as a Result of Immigrant Com-

petition

6. Immigration Has Checked Increase in Wages .

7. Industrial Depressions

8. General Conclusions

9. The Outlook for the American Wage-Earner

217

Governmental Action of China and Japan . 217

Advantages of Association With Other Na-

1. The Chinese-Continued

Wages: Efficiency

Standard of Living

Anti-Chinese Feeling

2. Present Occupations of Chinese

Salmon Canneries

Railroads.

Agriculture

Laundries: Merchandizing

3. The Japanese

Number

'Picture Brides: Proxy Marriages.

Attitude of Governments

Canada and Japan

Occupation.

4. Japanese Workmen

Strike-breakers

Japanese Contractors

Wages

. 253

Anti-Japanese Feeling

5. The East Indians or Hindus

Number .

Immigration from Canada

Excluded as Liable to Become Public Charges. 254