Lapas attēli
PDF
ePub

protoxide, to melted or softened tallow, or other fluid, or softened greasy or oleaginous substance, by mixing the solution with the substance to be operated upon, for the purpose of bleaching and changing the color of the same; and, when applied to "unrendered" tallow or fat, for the purpose of bleaching, changing the color of, and otherwise preparing, purifying, and refining the same. He likewise claims the application of the residuary liquor, (left after the bleaching or changing the color of prepared or rendered tallow, or other substance,) to unrendered tallow or fat, by heating and mixing the same therewith, for the purpose of preparing, purifying, and refining the tallow or fat.

When in bleaching or changing the color of tallow, or other oleaginous substance, a maximum degree of whiteness is not required, and when great expedition is not an object, the patentee, instead of using the compounds herein before described, adds to the tallow, when in a melted or softened state, a quantity of oxide of manganese, (not the protoxide,) in a pulverized state. The mixture is stirred repeatedly, for a few hours, and kept at a temperature of about 150°; after which, the oxide of manganese is separated, by filtering, or is deposited, by the mixture being allowed to stand, and, at the same time, kept warm;-the tallow, or other substance, is then removed. Or, instead of this process, the patentee mixes the tallow, or other oleaginous substance, with the oxide of manganese and sulphuric acid, (previously made so dilute as to be incapable of charring organic matter,) and keeping the mixture at a temperature of about 212°, agitates it at intervals, until the desired change of color is produced. When the color of the tallow or other oleaginous substance, is found to be sufficiently changed, the agitation is discontinued, but the temperature is kept so high, that the substance will remain in a fluid state till the oxide of manganese and acid have settled, and until it is sufficiently transparent; after which, it may be removed for use. The oxide of manganese and acid may either be mixed together, previously to being added to the substance to be operated upon, or otherwise.

The patentee claims the several operations or processes,

last herein before described, for bleaching and changing the color of tallow, grease, and oleaginous substances.-[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, December, 1842.]

To JOHN JAMES BAGGALY, of Sheffield, in the county of York, seal engraver, for his invention of certain improvements in making metallic dies and plates, for stamping, pressing, or embossing.-[Sealed 27th January, 1842.]

IN carrying these improvements into effect, a model, in bas-relief, of the subject required to be sunk in a die, is first provided, and from this model a mould or matrix is produced, in sulphur, plaster or any other suitable material, of sufficient substance.

The back of this matrix must be made nearly parallel to the face; that is, the casting or matrix must be, as a shell, nearly of the same substance or thickness in every part, the general figure of the back of the matrix nearly corresponding to that of the face; and it may vary from one eighth to half an inch in thickness, according to the size and depth of the subject. From the back of this shell or matrix, including the thickness of the edges, a cast-iron die or block is obtained, in the usual way, (by means of a plaster model,) of suitable substance and dimensions for sustaining the blow or pressure in the operation of stamping. From the face of this matrix a model is obtained, for casting a hub or sinker, containing the raised part of the subject, in iron. This hub or sinker should have a staple or stud at its back, for attaching it to the press or stamp-hammer. The dieblock and hub having been adapted and adjusted in the stamp or press, a plate of steel, or other suitable metal, of the required shape and thickness, is made red-hot, and laid upon the face or upper surface of the cast-metal die-block; the hub or sinker is then struck down upon the plate of steel, which, after several blows and repeated heatings, is brought into the form of the die-block, on the under side, and of the sinker, on the upper side.

The feather edges and other irregularities of the steel plate being removed, it may be hardened, if required. It must then be cleaned at the back and edges, and tinned over those parts. The face of the die-block must be also cleaned and tinned, and then the plate may be fixed in the die-block, by soft solder, and pressed, whilst hot, so as to bring it firmly to its proper seat or bed. After thus fixing the steel plate in the block, it is ready to be worked upon by the tool, which is technically called getting it up; and when this has been done the die is ready for use.

Instead of sinking the figure of the dies out of flat plates, as above described, the figures may be produced in the face of the matrix or die, by casting them from molten steel; after which, the steel should be heated gradually to a glowing red heat, in a close oven or furnace, and placed, in this state, in the die-block, to be operated upon by the sinker, in a stamper or press, for the purpose of closing the pores of the metal, and bringing up the finer parts of the impression. The die, so prepared, is then to be cleaned and tinned at the back, and affixed to the die-block by solder or other means.

In place of steel, castings of malleable iron, or brass and other alloys, may be substituted; and, after annealing, treated as above described, in reference to the cast steel.

The patentee claims, making dies and plates, for stamping, pressing, or embossing, as substitutes for the steelfaced dies, commonly produced by welding steel on to the body of a wrought-iron block, and afterwards cutting or stamping the subject thereon; which improvements consist, firstly, in producing, from flat plates of steel or other metal, the subject of the required die, by the means above described; secondly, by casting the said subjects from molten metal, and afterwards treating such castings in the way herein above explained; and thirdly, in attaching such stamped dies to cast-iron blocks, by means of solder.—[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, July, 1842.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

TO JOHN WILSON, of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, lecturer on chemistry, for an improvement or improvements in the process or processes of manufacturing the carbonate of soda. [Sealed 25th February, 1840.]

THE first part of these improvements consists in manufacturing carbonate of soda from a solution of sulphuret of sodium, by the employment of bi-carbonate of soda.

The bi-carbonate of soda is added to the solution of sulphuret of sodium, in the proportion of eighty-five parts of the bi-carbonate to forty-eight parts of the sulphuret; heat being then applied, sulphuretted hydrogen gas is evolved, and carbonate of soda remains.

If it is considered requisite that the gas should be collected, the carbonate of soda is manufactured in an iron pan, the cover of which is securely closed by a sand or water-joint, and is furnished with a pipe, to convey the gas into a gas-holder. After the gas has been evolved, the impure carbonate of soda is removed to a common white ash furnace, and heated to dryness; then, by dissolving it in water, and allowing the solution to settle, a clear liquor is obtained, which is afterwards concentrated by boiling, and allowed to crystallize; or the carbonate may be obtained in the state of a proto-hydrate, by evaporating the solution.

When the gas is not required to be collected, the operation is carried on in a reverberatory furnace, of the kind usually termed white ash furnaces. The mixture of bicarbonate of soda and the solution of sulphuret of sodium is kept well stirred, until it becomes quite dry, and then the impure carbonate is treated in the way described in the first process.

The second improvement consists in adding to a solution of black ash as much bi-carbonate of soda as will saturate the caustic soda which it contains, and convert it into carbonate of soda.

The carbonate can be obtained in crystals, by allowing the solution of black ash to settle, when it has attained a specific gravity of 1.720, or about 54o of the common hy

drometer, and afterwards decanting the clear liquor into coolers, to crystallize; or the carbonate may be produced in the state of a fine salt, by evaporating the solution.

The third improvement consists in preparing carbonate of soda from soda ash, by dissolving the latter, and saturating the caustic soda, contained in it, by the addition of bi-carbonate of soda; the remainder of the operation is the same as when the black ash liquor is employed.

Sesqui-carbonate of soda may be substituted-for the carbonate of soda, in any of the above processes; but, in that case, two parts of the sesqui-carbonate must be used in place of one part of the carbonate.

The patentee claims the use of bi-carbonate of soda, and sesqui-carbonate of soda, in preparing carbonate of soda from a solution of sulphuret of sodium; also the use of bicarbonate of soda, and sesqui-carbonate of soda, in preparing carbonate of soda from a solution of black ash, or from soda ash.-[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, August, 1840.]

To JOHN COLLARD DRAKE, of Elm-tree-road, St. John's Wood, land-surveyor, for improvements in scales used in drawing and laying down plans.-[Sealed 18th February, 1841.]

THESE improvements consist in making the scales, for laying down plans, of the same paper as that on which the plan or drawing is to be laid down. The scales are intended to accompany the plans to which they belong, and being of the same material, they consequently expand or contract, by changes of temperature, in exactly the same proportion as the plan.

The paper to be drawn upon is mounted on linen or cotton, by means of India-rubber cement, and on a strip of it the scale is made. The under surface of the straight edge or holder, by which the scale is held, whilst being used, is rabbetted, and covered with a piece of paper or linen, so as to form a space for the reception of the scale;

« iepriekšējāTurpināt »