similar in appearance to the one just mentioned; but the sole is formed of a non-elastic plate of metal, and the clog is kept on the foot by means of a screw, passed through the band c, at d, and inserted into the heel of the boot.

The fifth improvement consists in fastening the clog on the foot by a screw e, fig. 4, which is inserted through the heel-piece of the clog, and through a small metal upright or standard f, into the heel of the boot.

Fig 5, is an elevation, partly in section, shewing the mode of fastening which constitutes the sixth part of this invention. g, is a bell-crank lever, having a spring h, pressing upon one end; its other end is formed into a catch, from the back of which, through the heel-piece of the clog, a stud i, projects. In the heel of the boot is a small bolt j, the head of which is partially rounded; this bolt, when the clog is put on the foot, presses back the upper end of the lever g, in order to pass the catch; and by the return of the lever to the position shewn, the clog is secured. To unfasten the clog, the upper end of the lever g, is drawn back, by means of the stud i; the boot may then be withdrawn.

The seventh part of this invention consists in securing the outer soles of boots, shoes, and clogs, to the welts, (when they are used,) or inner soles, by the use of Indiarubber cement. The parts to be connected, are coated with the cement, and submitted to pressure until they become dry.

The patentee states, that he is aware that India-rubber cement has been used for securing the soles of clogs, and galoches, made of India-rubber; he therefore confines himself, in the application of this improvement, to those boots, shoes, and clogs, which are made of leather, or any other suitable materials, with the exception of India-rubber.

The patentee claims, firstly, the mode of constructing India-rubber clogs, herein described; whereby the Indiarubber, by the bend of the sole, and the elasticity of the sides, will retain the clogs on the feet. Secondly,—the mode of constructing clogs, by applying a bent spring-sole, in such a manner as to cause the toe and heel to approach each other, when taken off the foot, as described.

Thirdly, the mode of applying a bent spring-sole, without a tread for the heel, as described; the spring-sole keeping on the clog. Fourthly, the mode of fastening clogs, made without a tread for the heel, by means of frames for the heels, with screws, or other catches, as described. Fifthly, -the mode of fastening clogs by applying a screw e, as described. Sixthly, the mode of fastening clogs by means of a spring-catch, as described. Seventhly,—the mode of making boots, shoes, and clogs, by applying soles by means of India-rubber cement.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, July, 1842.]

TO WILLIAM BAKER, of Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-square, in the county of Middlesex, surgeon, for certain improvements in the manufacture of boots and shoes.-[Sealed 27th January, 1842.]

THIS invention consists in introducing a layer of horsehair, or any other strong curled hair, felted or matted together, between the inner and outer-soles of boots and shoes, for the purpose of rendering the sole more elastic than usual, and preventing the damp and cold from penetrating to the foot of the wearer.

Fig. 1, is a side view of a boot, partly in section. a, is the layer of felted or matted hair, inserted between the inner and outer-soles b, c, occupying the place of the "shank-pieces," and of the small strips of leather, or other material, called "bottom-fillings." Fig. 2, is a plan of the layer of matted hair, the dotted lines representing the outer edge of the sole, which is larger than the layer of hair, in order that its edge may be finished in the usual manner. In some cases, a layer of caoutchouc is introduced beneath the layer of hair, to prevent the entrance of water into the boot; or, if preferred, a solution of caoutchouc may be applied to the under surface of the matted hair. When the sole of the boot or shoe is composed of more than two thicknesses of leather, the layer of felted or matted hair is placed between the two upper pieces.

The patentee claims, firstly, applying a piece or sole of matted or felted horse-hair, or other strong curled hair, between the inner and outer-sole, in the manufacture of a boot or shoe; and secondly, the application of India-rubber, together with matted or felted hair, to the sole of a boot or shoe, as before described.-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, July, 1842.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

To MARC CARLOTTI, of Little Argyle-street, Regent-street, Gent., for certain improvements in the construction and manufacture of boots, half-boots, shoes, clogs, and galoches, -being a communication.-[Sealed 8th April, 1842.]

THE first part of these improvements consists in a mode of introducing and concealing a wooden sole between the insoles and outer-soles of boots, half-boots, shoes, clogs, and galoches, for the purpose of protecting the feet from damp, and rendering unnecessary the ordinary process of sewing the sole to the vamp, and the various pieces of the sole together.

In Plate VI., fig. 1, is a side view of a finished clog, constructed according to this improvement, and fig. 2, is a side view of a clog, in an unfinished state.

The wooden shoe is formed in one piece, of the same size as the in-sole; or it may be made of two pieces a, b, which are attached to the in-sole c, by nails; the lower edges of the toe and heel-pieces d, e, of the clog (or the lower edges of the vamp, when boots or shoes are being made,) are then adjusted round the edge of the wooden sole, and are secured by nailing over them a piece of leather f, about one inch and a half in thickness. The lower edge of this piece of leather is arranged even with the bottom of the wooden sole, and over it a strip of metal g, is nailed; the upper edge of the leather is then turned down, and, after being tightly drawn over the lower edge of the sole, is nailed to the bottom of the same, as shewn

at fig. 3. The clog or boot is completed by nailing the leather sole, over the wooden one.

The second improvement consists in securing clogs and galoches upon the feet, by means of springs, without the aid of ankle-straps, &c. The mode of applying the springs is shewn at fig. 4, which is a plan of the clog represented at fig. 1. i, is a spring, composed of three or more metal plates; it is let into the upper surface of the sole, and its ends are confined in the sockets j. A degree of curvature is given to the spring, sufficient to raise the heel, as shewn at fig. 1, when the clog is not in use; and hence, when the clog is on the foot, the spring will keep the hind part of it in close contact with the heel of the boot, and prevent it from slipping off. k, is a semi-circular spring, the ends of which are attached to the heel of the clog by pins; and 7, is a small curved spring, fastened to the centre of the spring k. The clog is retained on the foot by the spring k, clasping the heel of the boot, against which it is forced by the spring ; and it is removed from the foot by pressing upon a stud that projects from the curved spring, through a slot in the back of the clog. The springs i, and k, may be applied to the same clog, or used separately. In some cases a stud is substituted for the spring ; or, if only the spring i, is employed, the stud is attached to the heel of the clog.

Fig. 5, is a plan view of a jointed clog, furnished with the springs above described; the spring i, being shorter than the one shewn at fig. 4, and extending across the hind joint of the clog. A spring clasp, for securing the clog on the foot, is also described in the specification.

The patentee states, in conclusion;-" I do not claim, as any part of the said invention, so much as, in the above description, relates to the employmeut or use of wooden soles, or of vamps for boots, half-boots, shoes, galoches, or toe and heel-pieces for clogs; or as relates to the construction, arrangement, employment, or use of the springs i, in the drawing hereunto annexed; or the studs or knobs, fixed to the heels of clogs or galoches themselves, when furnished only with the springs i; the same being herein

before, and in the said drawing, hereunto annexed, only referred to and described, the better to lead to, and explain, and describe, and shew the application of the said invention; but I do claim all else that is herein before, and in the said drawing described; and that, whether the same is used or employed together, or separately, or with any other combination or arrangement, having the same object, as being part and parcel of the said invention, and as having never been practised or used by any other person or persons," &c.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, October, 1842.]

TO WILLIAM NOEL, of Jermyn-street, Saint James's, in the city of Westminster, boot and shoe-maker, for his invention of certain improvements in the manufacture of boots and shoes.-[Sealed 21st April, 1842.]

THESE improvements, in the manufacture of boots and shoes, consist in the application of metallic springs, as hereinafter described; whereby a greater degree of elasticity, than usual, is given to the boot or shoe, and the insertion of shank-pieces, for the purpose of giving rigidity and stiffness to the waist, is rendered wholly unnecessary.

In Plate VI., fig. 1, represents a section of a boot or half-boot, made according to this invention; fig. 2, is a side or edge view, and fig. 3, a plan view of one of the metallic springs employed by the patentee; it is made of thin welltempered steel, slightly curved, as represented, and covered with paint, or other suitable material, to protect it from rust. The spring is introduced in the waist of the boot or shoe, between the in-sole and outer-sole, as seen in fig. 1.

In manufacturing a boot or shoe, according to this invention, the sole is "taken down," quite thin, from the joints backward to the heel; but the whole substance of the leather, to be placed under the heel, is left. The spring is then fastened, at one end, to the back part of the sole, under the heel, by means of pins or rivets, as seen in figs. 1 and 3; and the other end of the spring is allowed just to reach the joints, or half way between the toe and the heel.

VOL. XXII.

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