The tests tabulated in Table II are I. Army Test, percent A & B. II. Stanford Binet tests given by Brown to samples of children from various nationalities in Michigan. III. Murdock's study in New York. tested by the Pressey Group Test. IV. School. Children from 9 to 16 were Feingold gave a modified Army Alpha test at Harford High V. C. S. Berry tested 10,000 first grade pupils in Detroit by the Detroit First Grade Intelligence Test. VI. Young tested 12 year old children in California using Army Alpha and Beta tests. VII. Dickson studied first grade children in California with the Stanford-Binet test. VIII. Pintner made a study of children at Youngstown, Ohio, and another study in New York. IX. Arlitt's study of 342 children in the primary grades. X. Jordan's study of school progress in St. Paul and Minneapolis as related to Nationality. XI. Immigration Commission Retardation Data. XII. Number of Who's Who per 100,000 males of that nativity in United States. XIII. Feeble minded soldiers. Table II shows great variations but nearly all the tests indicate the low intelligence of the Russian, Italian and Pole as compared with the American, English or Ger man. In order to compare these results with the inventive ability of the various foreigners the number of United States patents granted to the citizens of the principal countries were collected from 1880 to 1925 as given in the annual reports of the Commissioner of Patents. They were grouped in ten year periods. The ratios of the number of patents per 100,000 population of the native at the beginning of the decade were then calculated for each decade as given in Table III. The correlation of the average number of patents for the entire period 1880-1925 and the Army Alpha test is 0.75. This is a remarkably high correlation. The rank order of the various countries is also given in Table IV based on the average number of Patents for the last 45 years. The results show that the number of patents granted to any given country is directly proportional to the intelligence of its population. The greater the intelligence of the country the larger is the number of patents granted to its citizens. The rank order of the countries Table IV Average Number of Patents per 100,000 Population of Each Country per Decade from 1880 to 1925 in Rank Order as given in Table II is about the same as it is in Table IV. Thus England, Scotland, Holland, Germany, Denmark and Sweden stand at the head in both tables. It will also be seen that Russia, Poland, Italy, Roumania, Portugal stand at the bottom of both tables. If the order of the countries were exactly the same in both tables the correlation would be 1.0 but as they stand it is 0.75. Intelligence and Invention It is my confident belief that these statistics are highly reliable as an indication of the relative differences in the mentality of the various national groups. Most of the troublesome features in the intelligence tests given to foreigners have been eliminated here. All the foreigners were subjected to the same rules and requirements of the Patent Office. The patent system operates alike upon all. There were no language difficulties to overcome since all the patent applications must be filed in English. When a foreigner cannot speak or write English he very often discloses his invention to his patent attorney who translates his specification into English. A patent thus represents a very concrete and definite mental achievement which is highly indicative of the intelligence of the inventor. Thus by making a study of the number of patents issued to the various foreigners over an extended period of time a very accurate scale can be obtained. The number of patents granted to the foreigners for each decade beginning with 1880 was computed. It was not possible to go further back than 1880 since no figures are |