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fair to become effective in checking the pest. Of these, the first is by far the most abundant. The first and third are native American insects, and the second is a European species which has previously been recorded from the United States.

Whether or not this sawfly seriously injures the pine growing industry in this country probably depends on its parasites.

Spraying the pines with lead arsenate early in May, and again in August, and destroying the larvae and cocoons when found, are the control measures to be practiced.

This insect in its various stages is shown on plates VI-IX.

LITERATURE.

Averin, V. G. (Entomological and Phytopathological Bureau of the
Temstvo of Charkov, Russia, Bull. 3, 1913). Review of Applied
Entomology, Vol. i, p. 493, 1913. (Mentions pini as attacking
pines.)

(Bulletin on Pests of Agriculture and Methods of Fighting Them.
No. 5, Charkov, Russia, 1914.) Review of Applied Entomology,
Vol. iii, p. 67, 1915. (Mentions pini larvae as injuring pines.)
(Information on the Appearance and Activity of Insect Pests
during April and May.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iii,
p. 106, 1915. (Brief mention of injury of pini, with remedies.)
Review of the Pests Noticed in the Government of Chartov during
1913.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iii, p. 401, 1915.
(Brief mention of injury caused by pini with remedies.)
(Review of Pests Noticed in 1914 and the Possibility of their
Appearance in 1915.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iii,
p. 443. (Mention of injury caused by pini.)

Baer, W. Lophyrus similis Hart. Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift für Land-und Forstwissenschaft. Vol. 4, H. 2, p. 84, 10 fig., 1906. (Notes on similis.)

The Sawflies of Coniferae.

Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift für

Re

(Mentions

Land und Forstwissenschaft. Vol. xiv, pp. 307–325, 1916.
view of Applied Entomology, Vol. v, p. 57, 1917.
simile as attacking Weymouth pine in Germany.)

Barbey, A. Traitè d'Entomologie Forestière, p. 265, 1913. (Gives an account of pini with mention of similis.)

Britton, W. E. A Destructive Pine Sawfly Introduced from Europe. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 8, p. 379, 1915. (First account of the appearance of Diprion simile in the United States in Connecticut. Descriptions and illustrations.) Abstracted in Journal of Applied Entomology, Vol. iii, p. 573.

A Dangerous Pine Sawfly. Tree Talk, Vol. 3, p. 45, 1915. (Brief account of simile with figure of larvae.)

A Destructive European Pine Sawfly in Connecticut. Report Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, p. 118, 1915. (Full Abstracted in Journal of Applied Entomo

illustrated account.)

logy, Vol. iv, p. 242, 1916.

Further Notes on Diprion simile Hartig.
Entomology, Vol. 9, p. 281, April, 1916.

Journal of Economic

(Brief notes on life

history, food plants and parasites.) Abstracted in Journal of Applied Entomology, Vol. iv, p. 286, 1916.

Buttrick, P. L. Another Insect Enemy of the White Pine. American Forestry, Vol. xxii, p. 395, July, 1916. (Brief illustrated article from Reports of this Station.) Mentioned in Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iv, p. 419.

Collinge, W. E. A Manual of Injurious Insects, p. 217, 1912. (Brief account of pini.)

Eckstein, K. Forstliche Zoologie, pp. 461-463, 1897. (Brief descriptions of pini and similis.)

Enslin, E. The European Species of Diprion. Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift für Forst-und Landwirtschaft, Vol. xiv, p. 1, 1916. Journal of Applied Entomology, Vol. v, p. 55, 1917. (Systematic paper with keys to adults.)

The Tenthredinoidea of Central Europe. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. (Supplement) 1912. (Morphology of larvae.)

Die Blatt-und Holzwespen. Die Insekten Mitteleuropas, insbesondere Deutschlands. Bd. iii, 1914. (Keys to larvae.)

Forsius, R. Medd. Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica, Vol. 13, p. 183, 1911. (Records similis as occurring in Finland in 1910.)

Gillanders, A. T. Forest Entomology, p. 175, 1908. (Illustrated account of pini.)

Hartig, T. Forstliches Convers.,-Lexicon 2, Aufl. p. 987, 1834. (Original account of similis.)

Die Familien der Blattwespen und Holzwespen, p. 160, Pl. iii, fig. 9, 1860. (Original description of similis and short account of life history and presence around Berlin and Stettin.)

Henry, E. Atlas d'Entomologie Forestière, Plate xxii, fig. 1, 1903. (Illustrations of pini.)

Howard, L. O. Report of the Entomologist. Annual Report U. S. Department of Agriculture, year ending June 30, 1916, p. 228. (Mention.)

Judeich and Nitsche. Lehrbuch de Mitteleuropäischen Forstinsektenkunde, p. 635, 1895. (Treats of similis and pini with several other species, and gives a key for the separation of their larvae.) Kaltenbach, J. H. Die Pflanzenfeinde, p. 700, 1874. (Mentions both pini and similis.)

K. T. (Pests in the Forests of the Government of Tambov, Russia, No. 7, p. 25, 1913.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. ii, Series A, p. 13, 1914. (Mention of pini.)

(Pests in the Forests of the Government of Tambov, Russia, No. 6, 1914.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. ii, Series A, p. 332, 1914. (Mention of pini.)

Kolossov, J. M. (Review of the Pests of Field Crops and Forests of the Ural.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iii, p. 398, 1915. (Brief mention of pini.)

Ksenjopolsky, A. V. (Review of the Pests in Volhynia.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iii, p. 606, 1915. (Mention of pini.) Nikolaev, P. (Journal of Agricultural Society of Poltava, Russia, p. 676, 1913.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. i, Series A, P. 395, 1913. (Injury by pini.)

Reh, L.

Ormerod, E. A. Manual of Injurious Insects and Methods of Prevention, p. 250, 1890. (Account of pini, with preventive measures.) Sorauer's Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, Die tierischen Feinde, Dritter Band, p. 598, 1913. (Gives similis as a synonym of pini.)

Rohwer, S. A. Diprion simile in North America. Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington, Vol. xviii, p. 213, 1916. (Brief article giving identity, distribution, and first record from New York.) Schoyen, T. H. (Injurious Insects and Fungi of Forest Trees in 1914.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iv, p. 503, 1916. (Damage by pini in Norway.)

Weiss, H. B. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 10, p. 224, 1917. (Record of occurrence in New Jersey.)

Journal New York Entomological Society, Vol. xxiv, p. 313, 1916. (Brief mention.)

Zappe, M. P. Egg-Laying Habits of Diprion simile Hartig. Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 10, p. 188, 1917. (Records of egglaying habits, parthenogenesis, and food plants.) (Campaign against Insect Pests in the Forests of the Government of Tambov in 1914.) Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iii, p. 728. (Mentions pini and an undetermined insect which infested young pines up to twelve years old.)

The same for 1915. Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. iv, p. 497. (Gives an account of handpicking 460,000 larvae of pini.)

(Deutsche Landwirtschaftliche Presse, Vol. xlii, p. 761.) Journal of Applied Entomology, Vol. iv, p. 3, 1916. (Mentions damage caused by pini in Brandenburg and Silesia.)

OUTBREAK OF THE PINK AND GREEN POTATO APHID, Macrosiphum solanifolii Ashmead.

By W. E. BRITTON and Q. S. LOWRY.

On July 9th, while the entomologist was absent on a vacation, several inquiries were received at the office about aphids on potatoes. The Frank S. Platt Company of New Haven telephoned that it had received complaints from all over the State, and asked for a remedy. Nicotine solution was advised. For a period of about two weeks there were many inquiries by telephone and by mail from various parts of the State, but chiefly from Hartford,

Waterbury, New Haven and the regions surrounding these cities, and Mr. Lowry was kept busy answering them.

There was such a demand for information, and prompt action being necessary, that the Director, after conferring with the assistant entomologists, prepared the following press notice, which appeared in the daily papers of July 16th:

"DANGER FROM THE POTATO APHID.

An aphid or plant louse is very abundant on potato vines now and threatens very extensive damage to the crop.

Control by spraying now is very difficult because of the heavy growth of vines and the fact that the lice are abundant on the lower surface of the leaves.

Spraying the upper surface alone is not effective. The best remedy that we can recommend is a nicotine spray with soap solution made as follows:

One-half pint 'Black Leaf 40' and two pounds whale oil soap or yellow soap dissolved in a barrel of water. For use on a small scale dissolve one to one and one-half teaspoonfuls of 'Black Leaf 40' in a gallon of water, with a piece of soap about an inch square. Any other tobacco preparation may be substituted which carries as much nicotine as the one named above. The full amount given in the manufacturer's directions should be used. To be effective the spray must cover not only the upper surface but the under side of the leaves as well, and also the tender stems, therefore the spray must be directed in part from beneath upward. This spray containing soap cannot be applied with Bordeaux mixture but may follow or precede it by a few days.'

Infested potato fields were reported from every county in the State and from the following localities:

Fairfield County-South Norwalk (turnip), Redding.

New Haven County-New Haven, Westville, North Haven, Montowese, West Haven, Mount Carmel, Cheshire, Branford, North Branford, Meriden, Middlebury, South Britain, Naugauck, Waterbury.

Middlesex County Middletown.

New London County-New London.

Litchfield County-Harwinton, Thomaston.

Hartford County-Hartford, East Hartford, Thompsonville, Wethersfield, Farmington, New Britain, Plainville, Bristol. Tolland County-Bolton.

Windham County-Killingly.

It was doubtless present in many other localities, though not reported to the Station.

In 1903 this aphid was abundant on potatoes in Fairfield, and in 1909 it was found on potatoes in the Station garden by Mr. Arthur I. Bourne, then an assistant in this department. On July 18, 1912, it was received on both potato and corn from Mr. Noyes Palmer of Stonington, and on potato from Mr. Alfred L. Beebe of Mystic. These last-mentioned infestations were apparently local, and no great or widespread damage was reported.

PRIOR CONNECTICUT RECORDS OF THIS SPECIES.

The aphid material in the Station collection was determined chiefly by Dr. Edith M. Patch of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono, Me., and contains several microscope slides of Macrosiphum solanifolii Ashm. From these the following

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DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES.

This aphid was first described from Florida by Ashmead in 1882, on wild pepper vine, Solanum jasminoides. As it has also been recorded from Maine, Canada, California, and a number of the states between, it is fair to assume that it may occur throughoutthe United States.

*

Davis, writing in 1904, states: "Although not commonly and generally a pest of the potato in Illinois, I have occasionally found it exceptionally and injuriously abundant."

*Jour. Econ. Ent. Vol. 4, page 330, 1904.

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