FORMALIN FLY POISON. I tablespoonful Commercial Formalin. 1⁄2 cup Water. 11⁄2 cup Sweet Milk. Mix together and expose in a shallow plate with a slice of bread in it. Flies will drink the liquid, especially if no other moisture is accessible, and be killed. For dormant stock place the acid and water in an earthen jar in the house, drop in the cyanide and close the house at once for half an hour. Ventilate for ten minutes before entering. In greenhouse use 1 oz. of cyanide for each 1000 cu. ft. of space. Use winter spray for San José scale and peach leaf curl; summer spray for fungi, to which, as needed, add lead arsenate to kill chewing insects. BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 4 lbs. Copper Sulphate. 4 lbs. Fresh Lime. 40 to 50 gals. Water. Dissolve the copper sulphate in hot water or from a coarse bag suspended in cold water; slake the lime separately and strain. Dilute the latter to about 20 gals., into which pour the copper sulphate, diluted to about 20 gals., stirring the mixture; dilute further to form the forty-five or fifty gallons; or dilute each to 25 gals., and pour together into barrel. Stock solutions of the copper sulphate and lime, rate I lb. to I gal. water, can be made separately and used as needed. SELF-BOILED LIME-SULPHUR. 8 lbs. Fresh Whitewash Lime. 8 lbs. Fine Sulphur. 45 to 50 gals. Water. Start the lime slaking, sift and thoroughly stir in the sulphur, using just enough water to prevent burning and allow to boil from heat of lime for fifteen minutes. Then dilute and apply. FORMALIN. I pt. (1 lb.) Formalin in 50 gals. water, for sprinkling grain to kill B. pt. Formalin in 30 gals. water, for soaking tubers to prevent potato scab. C. I pt. Formalin in 121⁄2 gals. water, for soil treatment. Use twothirds to 1 gal. for each square foot of surface treated; cover for 24 hours after treatment; air afterwards, and stir soil; allow 7-10 days before seeding and 10-14 days before transplanting in this soil. FORMULAS FOR LESS-USED FUNGICIDES. OTHER BORDEAUX MIXTURES. Dilute Bordeaux Mixture. Use 1 lb. copper sulphate, 4 of lime, and Soda Bordeaux Mixture. 4 lbs. copper sulphate, 1% to 11⁄2 lbs. soda to test paper. Resin Bordeaux Mixture. Melt 5 lbs. resin with 1 pt. fish oil over fire, cool slightly, add 1 lb. soda lye, stirring. boil till the mixture will dissolve in cold water. Add 5 gals. water and Mix 2 gals. with 48 of Bordeaux mixture. Used sometimes on such glaucous plants as asparagus, cabbage, onions, etc., to make a more adhesive spray. POTASSIUM SULPHIDE. 3 ozs. Potassium Sulphide. 10 gals. Water. Used chiefly in greenhouses, or for powdery mildews. AMM. SOL. COP. CARBONATE. 5 ozs. Copper Carbonate. 3 pts. Ammonia. 45-50 gals. Water. Use just enough ammonia (if strong, dilute with several volumes of water) to dissolve the copper carbonate; then dilute to final volume. on the foliage or fruit. This fungicide is not as good as Bordeaux, but is used to avoid sediment COPPER SULPHATE. 2 to 3 lbs. Copper Sulphate. 45-50 gals. Water. Used chiefly as a winter spray. used on foliage. Now rarely used. I lb. to 250 gals. water is sometimes COPPER LIME-SULPHUR. 2 lbs. Copper Sulphate. 11⁄2 gals. Com. Lime-Sulphur. 45-50 gals. Water. Dissolve copper sulphate in part of the water, and then add with the lime-sulphur to the remainder. Apparently a good fungicide but likely to russet apples as does strong Bordeaux. SULPHUR MIXTURE. Various commercial forms of Sulphur as 'Atomic Sulphur and "Sulphur Paste," have fungicidal value, and have been used by us for to 45-50 gals. of water. summer spraying of peaches with little or no injury, at the rate of 8 lbs. FORMALIN FUMES. 3 pts. Formalin. 23 ozs. Potassium Permanganate. For each 1000 cu. ft. Space. Place bulbs or tubers in 6 to 12 in. crates so fumes can get at them. To prevent injury to potatoes, fill space at rate of 167 bu. Place Formalin in large pail in cleared central space and drop in the crystals of potassium permanganate. Close room air-tight for 24 to 48 hours. Insects, etc. INSECT AND FUNGOUS PESTS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. APPLE. Bud-Moths: Case Bearers: Leaf Crumpler:-Small over- Canker-Worms-During May small loop- Tent-Caterpillar-During May the cater- once before the blossoms open and again soon after they fall. Bull. 177, and Rept. 1913, p. 226. Lesser Apple Worm-Larva feeds on exterior of nearly mature fruit, and often causes injury in storage. Spray as for Codling-Moth. Rept. 1910, p. 595. Codling-Moth or Apple-Worm-Pink caterpillar tunnels inside the fruit, especially Spray with lead arsenate around the core. as soon as the blossoms fall. Repeat three or four weeks later. Keep foliage and fruit covered until fruit is nearly grown. Rept. 1910, p. 594. Brown-Tail Moth: Fall Web-Worm-See Pear. Gipsy Moth-Occurs in the United States Curculios-Grubs of both apple and plum Green Fruit Worms: Palmer Worm: Leaf Roller-Caterpillars all feed upon foliage and immature fruit. Spray with lead arsenate, as for Codling-Moth. 56 Apple Won Tussock Moths-Tufted caterpillars of several species feed upon Yellow-necked Caterpillar: Red-humped Caterpillar-Feed in p. 274. Maggot or Railroad Worm-Maggots tunnel through the pulp Round-Headed Borer: Flat-Headed Borer- Leaf Hoppers-Whitish insects sucking sap Tarnished Plant Bug-Injures developing with nicotine solution as for aphis. Red Spider: Clover Mite-Cause much injury to leaves, especially in dry seasons. Spray with kerosene emulsion or nicotine solution as summer treatment. Eggs of latter species killed by lime-sulphur spray in winter. Leaf-Blister Mite-See Pear. Green and Rosy Aphids-Green aphids San José Scale-See Peach. Spray dor- oil. Bull. 165; Rept. 1904, p. 221. Red Bugs-Two species of red leaf bugs Woolly Apple Aphis-A bluish-white, cot- 57 Fungi, etc. Oyster - Shell Scale: Scurfy Scale Scale insects with elongated or pear-shaped shells, on bark, suck sap from the twigs; the former about the same color as the bark, the latter light gray or whitish. Spray with nicotine solution; soap and water; or kerosene emulsion, about the second week in June. Bull. 143; Rept. 1903, p. 225. Baldwin Spot-Shows as small diseased caused 1903, p. 299. Black Rot-Causes mature fruit to rot, eventually turning it Rust Shows as orange-colored blotches on leaves, eventually on fruit Scab-Produces "scabby spots Spray the and leaves; rarely on twigs. unfolding leaves before the blossoms open, again after the petals fall, and follow with a third spraying about four weeks later. For first treatment, use strong Bordeaux, for second and third, weak Bordeaux or limesulphur. Rept. 1909-10, p. 591. |