Weather Modification: Annual Report, 10. sējumsNational Science Foundation, 1967 |
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accumulation zone agency Air Force aircraft analysis aspects of weather Atmospheric Research Atmospheric Sciences Bureau of Reclamation Center for Atmospheric charge cloud modification cloud seeding cloud systems coalescence cold fog Colo Colorado State University condensation conducted convective corona discharge cumulus clouds Department developed downwind dynamic effects electric field evaluation experimental Federal field experiments fiscal year 1968 fog dissipation formation freezing ground growth hail suppression hailstones hailstorms heat hurricane hygroscopic ice crystals ice nuclei increased mathematical model measurements meteorological meter microns microphysical mountain National Center National Science Foundation natural nucleation numerical model observed operation Photo possible precipitation problems processes produce radar rain rainbands rainfall Research Laboratories rocket salt scientists severe storms silver iodide simulate snow supercooled surface technique temperature tests thunderstorm tion U.S. Forest Service University of Nevada warm cloud warm fog water droplets water vapor weather modification weather modification activities wind
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7. lappuse - COORDINATION It is important to note in connection with this item that the amount that we have received herein has been coordinated by the Bureau of the Budget with similar expenditures for the Department of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, and the Public Health Service. It is quite important that the program of all agencies be kept in step, and since the Corps of Engineers is the chairman agency, that the work progress at a uniform rate. Mr.
6. lappuse - Territories and possessions; and (9) to initiate and support a program of study, research, and evaluation in the field of weather modification, giving particular attention to areas that have experienced floods, drought, hail, lightning, fog, tornadoes, hurricanes, or other weather phenomena, and to report annually to the President and the Congress thereon.
138. lappuse - ... possibilities of analog techniques for similar experimentation should not be overlooked. We consider it important that laboratory techniques (such as dishpan experiments) for modeling the general circulation be further developed with a view to making them more useful in weather-modification research. General recommendation The study of weather modification, however, is a continuing field of research and must be approached in a cohesive and organized manner. To this end we suggest that thought...
135. lappuse - Need for Interactive Research" This report, published in October 1968, was prepared by the Weather Modification Research Project Staff, Rand Corporation, under a contract with NSF. The report concluded: "The structure of the national weather-modification program has not- -in one vital respect- -been strengthened since the time of our • previous study in 1962. We referred to the specific weakness then as a lack of a 'cohesive' approach to weather modification.
91. lappuse - However, it is not at all clear that less detailed and hence less predictive models do not possess some degree of ability to test proposed weather modifications. In essence, one suspects that a model that is internally consistent and physically valid (albeit coarse) still might indicate the general trend that will be produced by a specific modification technique on a specific atmospheric situation. Third, given the ability to simulate the atmosphere at a specific scale, one conceivably could utilize...
127. lappuse - ICAS has three principal functions: to survey and evaluate the national research effort in the atmospheric sciences; to examine the role and activities of Federal agencies therein; and to make recommendations for appropriate allocation of responsibilities among the Federal agencies.
135. lappuse - General Conclusions The structure of the national weather-modification program has not — in one vital respect — been strengthened since the time of our previous study in 1962. We referred to the specific weakness then as a lack of a "cohesive" approach to weather modification.
137. lappuse - ... attempted to make them consistent with the above long-range view of problems and tools. We also reviewed the recommendations made by us in 1962 and by the National Academy of Sciences in 1966. There are some differences among the three reports, but the themes are the same: the need for cohesiveness in the research structure for weather modification; the need to place research investigations on a par with application experiments, and to cause them to interact; and the need to exploit technology...
141. lappuse - ... errors are an inevitable feature both of observational networks and of numerical-model solutions used in connection with weather-prediction and modification studies, and encourage increased attention to this problem. Specifically, it is recommended that research be undertaken on: The determination of the characteristic spatial truncation errors of dynamical models of both small- and large-scale phenomena, in an effort to establish the models' limits of useful physical resolution. The study of...