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the United States of Brazil, naturalized in the United States of America, renews his residence in the United States of Brazil, with the intention not to return to the United States of America, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization in the United States of America.

The intention not to return may be held to exist when the person naturalized in one of the two countries resides more than two years in the other; but this presumption may be destroyed by evidence to the contrary.

ARTICLE III

It is agreed that the word "citizen," as used in this Convention, means any person whose nationality is that of the United States of America or the United States of Brazil.

ARTICLE IV

A naturalized citizen of the one party, on returning to the territory of the other, remains liable to trial and punishment for an action punishable by the laws of his original country, and committed before his emigration, but not for the emigration itself, saving always the limitation established by the laws of his original country, and any other remission of liability to punishment.

ARTICLE V

The status of a naturalized citizen may be acquired only through the means established by the laws of each of the countries and never by one's declaration of intention to become a citizen of one or the other country. (36 Stat. (pt. 2), 2444; Treaty Series, No. 547; Redmond, Treaties, III, 2502; Charles, Treaties, III, 19.)

[See also Multipartite Treaties at page 631.]

BULGARIA

[Naturalization treaty signed at Sofia, November 23, 1923; ratification advised by the Senate, February 18, 1924; ratified by the President, February 26, 1924; ratified by Bulgaria, March 30, 1924; ratifications exchanged at Sofia, April 5, 1924; proclaimed, May 6, 1924.]

ARTICLE I

Nationals of the United States who have been or shall be naturalized in Bulgarian territory, shall be held by the United States to have lost their former nationality and to be nationals of Bulgaria.

Reciprocally, nationals of Bulgaria who have been or shall be naturalized in territory of the United States shall be held by Bulgaria to have lost their original nationality and to be nationals of the United States.

The foregoing provisions of this Article are subject to any law of either country providing that its nationals do not lose their nationality by becoming naturalized in another country in time of war.

The word "national" as used in this convention, means a person owing permanent allegiance to, or having the nationality of, the United States or Bulgaria, respectively, under the laws thereof.

The word "naturalized" refers only to the nationalization of persons of full age, upon their own applications, and to the naturalization of minors through the naturalization of their parents. It does not apply to the acquisition of nationality by a woman through marriage.

ARTICLE II

Nationals of either country who have or shall become naturalized in the territory of the other, as contemplated in Article I, shall not, upon returning to the country of former nationality, be punishable for the original act of emigration, or for failure, prior to naturalization, to respond to calls for military service not accruing until after bona fide residence was acquired in the territory of the country whose nationality was obtained by naturalization.

ARTICLE III

If a national of either country, who comes within the purview of Article I, shall renew his residence in his country of origin without the intent to return to that in which he was naturalized, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization.

The intent not to return may be held to exist when a person naturalized in one country shall have resided more than two years in the other. (43 Stat. (pt. 2), 1759; Treaty Series, No. 684; Trenwith, Treaties, IV, 3972; 25 League of Nations Treaty Series, p. 238.)

CANAL ZONE

[See Treay under “Panama."]

CHILE

[See Multipartite Treaties at page 631.]

COLOMBIA

[See Multipartite Treaties at page 631.]

COSTA RICA

[Naturalization convention signed at San José, June 10, 1911; ratification advised by the Senate, February 14, 1912; ratified by the President, March 29, 1912; ratified by Costa Rica, August 5, 1911; ratifications exchanged at San José, May 9, 1912; proclaimed, June 6, 1912.]

ARTICLE I

Citizens of the United States who may or shall have been naturalized in Costa Rica, upon their own application or by their own consent, will be considered by the United States as citizens of the Republic of Costa Rica. Reciprocally, Costa Ricans who may or shall have been naturalized in the United States upon their own application or with their own consent, will be considered by the Republic of Costa Rica citizens of the United States.

ARTICLE II

If a Costa Rican, naturalized in the United States of America, renews his residence in Costa Rica without intent to return to the

United States, he may be held to have renounced his naturalization in the United States. Reciprocally, if a citizen of the United States, naturalized in Costa Rica, renews his residence in the United States, without intent to return to Costa Rica, he may be presumed to have renounced his naturalization in Costa Rica.

The intent not to return may be held to exist when the person naturalized in the one country, resides more than two years in the other country, but this presumption may be destroyed by evidence to the contrary. ARTICLE III

It is mutually agreed that the definition of the word "citizen" as used in this convention, shall be held to mean a person to whom nationality of the United States or Costa Rica attaches,

ARTICLE IV

A recognized citizen of the one party, returning to the territory of the other, remains liable to trial and legal punishment for an action punishable by the laws of his original country and committed before his emigration; but not for the emigration itself, saving always the limitation established by the laws of his original country, and any other remission of liability to punishment.

ARTICLE V

The declaration of intention to become a citizen of the one or the other country has not for either party the effect of naturalization. (37 Stat. (pt. 2), 1603; Treaty Series, No. 570; Redmond, Treaties, III, 2544; Charles, Treaties, III, 23.)

[See also Multipartite Treaties at page 631.]

CUBA

[See Multipartite Treaties at page 631.]

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

[Naturalization treaty signed at Prague, July 16, 1928; ratification advised by the Senate, January 26, 1929; ratified by the President, February 14, 1929; ratified by Czechosolvakia, September 14, 1929; ratifications exchanged at Washington, September 14, 1929; proclaimed, November 14, 1929.]

ARTICLE I

Nationals of the United States who have been or shall be naturalized in Czechoslovak territories shall be held by the United States to have lost their former nationality and to be nationals of Czechoslovakia.

Reciprocally, nationals of Czechoslovakia who have been or shall be naturalized in the territories of the United States shall be held by Czechoslovakia to have lost their former nationality and to be nationals of the United States.

The foregoing provisions of this Article shall not be applicable to a national of either country who obtains naturalization in the other while his country is at war.

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The word "national", as used in this convention, means a person having the nationality of the United States or Czechoslovakia, respectively, under the laws thereof.

The word "naturalized" refers to the naturalization of a person over twenty-one years of age, granted upon his own application, while he is permanently residing within the country of naturalization, and to the naturalization of a person under twenty-one years of age through the naturalization of a parent, provided such person has acquired a permanent residence within the country of naturalization.

ARTICLE II

Nationals of either of the Contracting States naturalized as provided in Article I, shall not, upon their return to the territory of the country of which they were formerly nationals, be prosecuted or punished for expatriation or for having failed, prior to their naturalization, to answer summonses to military service which had been served upon them within a period of five years preceding their naturalization.

ARTICLE III

If a national of either country, who comes within the purview of Article I, shall renew his residence in his original country without the intent to return to that in which he was naturalized, he shall be held to have lost the nationality acquired by naturalization.

The intent not to return may be held to exist when a person naturalized in the one country shall have resided more than two years in the other. (46 Stat. (pt. 2), 2424; Treaty Series, No. 804; Trenwith, Treaties, IV, 4063; 96 League of Nations Treaty Series, p. 301.)

DENMARK

[Naturalization convention signed at Copenhagen, July 20, 1872; ratification advised by the Senate, January 13, 1873; ratified by the President, January 22, 1873; ratified by Denmark, November 13, 1872; ratifications exchanged at Copenhagen, March 14, 1873; proclaimed April 15, 1873.]

ARTICLE I

Citizens of the United States of America who have become, or shall become, and are, naturalized, according to law, within the Kingdom of Denmark as Danish subjects, shall be held by the United States of America to be in all respects and for all purposes Danish subjects, and shall be treated as such by the United States of America.

In like manner, Danish subjects who have become, or shall become, and are, naturalized, according to law, within the United States of America as citizens thereof, shall be held by the Kingdom of Denmark to be in all respects and for all purposes as citizens of the United States of America, and shall be treated as such by the Kingdom of Denmark.

ARTICLE II

If any such citizen of the United States, as aforesaid, naturalized within the Kingdom of Denmark as a Danish subject, should renew his residence in the United States, the United States Government may, on his application, and on such conditions as that Government may see fit to impose, re-admit him to the character and privileges of a citizen of the United States, and the Danish Government shall not, in that case, claim him as a Danish subject on account of his former naturalization.

In like manner, if any such Danish subject, as aforesaid, naturalized within the United States as a citizen thereof, should renew his residence within the Kingdom of Denmark, His Majesty's Government may, on his application, and on such conditions as that Government may think fit to impose, re-admit him to the character and privileges of a Danish subject, and the United States Government shall not, in that case, claim him as a citizen of the United States on account of his former naturalization.

ARTICLE III

If, however, a citizen of the United States, naturalized in Denmark, shall renew his residence in the former country without the intent to return to that in which he was naturalized, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization.

In like manner, if a Dane, naturalized in the United States, shall renew his residence in Denmark without the intent to return to the former country, he shall be held to have renounced his naturalization in the United States.

The intent not to return may be held to exist, when a person naturalized in the one country shall reside more than two years in the other country. (17 Stat. 941; Treaty Series, No. 69; Malloy, Treaties, I, 384.)

[Convention for the cession of the Danish West Indies to the United States by Denmark signed at New York, August 4, 1916; ratification advised by the Senate, September 7, 1916; ratified by the President, January 16, 1917; ratified by Denmark, December 22, 1916; ratifications exchanged at Washington, January 17, 1917; proclaimed, January 25, 1917.]

ARTICLE VI

Danish citizens residing in said Islands may remain therein or may remove therefrom at will, retaining in either event all their rights of property, including the right to sell or dispose of such property or its proceeds; in case they remain in the Islands, they shall continue until otherwise provided, to enjoy all the private, municipal and religious rights and liberties secured to them by the laws now in force. If the present laws are altered, the said inhabitants shall not thereby be placed in a less favorable position in respect to the above mentioned rights and liberties than they now enjoy. Those who remain in the Islands may preserve their citizenship in Denmark by making before a court of record, within one year from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this convention, a declaration of their decision to preserve such citizenship; in

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