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shall any person be naturalized nor shall any certificate of naturalization be issued by any court within thirty days after the filing of the petition for naturalization, nor within sixty days preceding the holding of any general election within the territorial jurisdiction of the naturalization court. (54 Stat. 1156-1157; 8 U. S. C. 734.)

RIGHT OF UNITED STATES TO APPEAR IN NATURALIZATION PROCEEDINGS AND INTRODUCE EVIDENCE, AND BE HEARD IN OPPOSITION

(d) The United States shall have the right to appear before any court in any naturalization proceedings for the purpose of crossexamining the petitioner and the witnesses produced in support of the petition concerning any matter touching or in any way affecting the petitioner's right to admission to citizenship, and shall have the right to call witnesses, produce evidence, and be heard in opposition to the granting of any petition in naturalization proceedings. (54 Stat. 1157; 8 U. S. C. 734.)

CHANGE OF PETITIONER'S NAME AS A PART OF HIS NATURALIZATION

(e) It shall be lawful at the time and as a part of the naturalization of any person, for the court, in its discretion, upon the prayer of the petitioner included in the petition for naturalization of such person, to make a decree changing the name of said person, and the certificate of naturalization shall be issued in accordance therewith. (54 Stat. 1157; 8 U. S. C. 734.)

OATH OF RENUNCIATION AND ALLEGIANCE

SCOPE OF THE OATH; JUDICIAL DISCRETION IN cases of YOUNG CHILDREN

SEC. 335. (a) A person who has petitioned for naturalization shall, before being admitted to citizenship, take an oath in open court (1) to support the Constitution of the United States, (2) to renounce and abjure absolutely and entirely all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which the petitioner was before a subject or citizen, (3) to support and defend the Constitution and the laws of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and (4) to bear true faith and allegiance to the same, provided that in the case of the naturalization of a child under the provisions of section 315 or 316 the naturalization court may waive the taking of such oath if in the opinion of the court the child is too young to understand its meaning. (54 Stat. 1157; 8 U. S. C. 735.)

FORM OF THE OATH

(b) The oath prescribed by subsection (a) of this section which the petitioner for naturalization is required to take, shall be in the following form:

I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and

allegiance to the same; and that I take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion: So help me God. In acknowledgement whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature. (54 Stat. 1157; 8 U. S. C. 735.)

RENUNCIATION OF HEREDITARY TITLE OR ORDER OF NOBILITY

(c) In case the person petitioning for naturalization has borne any hereditary title, or has been of any of the orders of nobility in any foreign state, the petitioner shall, in addition to complying with the requirements of subsections (a) and (b) of this section, make under oath in open court, in the court to which the petition for naturalization is made, an express renunciation of such title or order of nobility, and such renunciation shall be recorded in the court as a part of such proceedings. (54 Stat. 1157; 8 U. S. C. 735.)

CERTIFICATE of NatuRALIZATION: CONTENTS

SEC. 386. A person, admitted to citizenship by a naturalization court in conformity with the provisions of this Act, shall be entitled upon such admission to receive from the clerk of such court a certificate of naturalization, which shall contain substantially the following information: number of petition for naturalization; number of certificate of naturalization; date of naturalization; name, signature, place of residence, autographed photograph, and personal description of the naturalized person, including age, sex, marital status, and country of former nationality; title, venue, and location of the naturalization court; statement that the court, having found that the petitioner intends to reside permanently in the United States, had complied in all respects with all of the applicable provisions of the naturalization laws of the United States, and was entitled to be admitted a citizen of the United States of America, thereupon ordered that the petitioner be admitted as a citizen of the United States of America; attestation of the clerk of the naturalization court; and seal of the court. (54 Stat. 1157-1158; 8 U. S. C. 736.)

FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES OF CLERKS OF COURTS

ADMINISTRATION OF, OATH TO DECLARANTS, AND DISPOSITION OF COPIES OF DECLARATION

SEC. 337. (a) It is hereby made the duty of the clerk of each and every naturalization court to administer the oath in the clerk's office to each applicant for a declaration of intention made before such clerk, and to retain the original of such declaration of intention for the permanent files of the court, to forward the duplicate thereof to the Commissioner within thirty days after the close of the month in which such declaration was filed, and to furnish the declarant with the triplicate thereof. (54 Stat. 1158; 8 U. S. C. 737.)

DISPOSITION OF PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATION; CERTIFIED COPIES OF OTHER PROCEEDINGS AND ORDERS

(b) It shall be the duty of the clerk of each and every naturalization court to forward to the Commissioner a duplicate of each petition for naturalization within thirty days after the close of the

month in which such petition was filed, and to forward to the Commissioner certified copies of such other proceedings and orders instituted in or issued out of said court affecting or relating to the naturalization of persons as may be required from time to time by the Commissioner. (54 Stat. 1158; 8 U. S. C. 737.)

ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATES OF NATURALIZATION AND DISPOSITION OF DUPLICATES AND STUBS THEREOF

(c) It shall be the duty of the clerk of each and every naturalization court to issue to any person admitted by such court to citizenship a certificate of naturalization and to forward to the Commissioner within thirty days after the close of the month in which such certificate was issued, a duplicate thereof, and to make and keep on file in the clerk's office a stub for each certificate so issued, whereon shall be entered a memorandum of all the essential facts set forth in such certificate, and to forward a duplicate of each such stub to the Commissioner within thirty days after the close of the month in which such certificate was issued. (54 Stat. 1158; 8 U. S. C. 737.)

REPORT OF DENIED PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATION

(d) It shall be the duty of the clerk of each and every naturalization court to report to the Commissioner, within thirty days after the close of the month in which the final hearing and decision of the court was had, the name and number of the petition of each and every person who shall be denied naturalization together with the cause of such denial. (54 Stat. 1158; 8 U. S. C. 737.)

RESPONSIBILITY FOR BLANK CERTIFICATES OF NATURALIZATION;
ACCOUNTING FOR CERTIFICATES

(e) Clerks of courts shall be responsible for all blank certificates of naturalization received by them from time to time from the Commissioner, and shall account to the Commissioner for them whenever required to do so. No certificate of naturalization received by any clerk of court which may be defaced or injured in such manner as to prevent its use as herein provided shall in any case be destroyed, but such certificate shall be returned to the Commissioner. (54 Stat. 1158; 8 U. S. C. 737.)

FILING, INDEXING, AND NUMBERING OF DECLARATION OF INTENTION AND PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATION

(f) It shall be the duty of the clerk of each and every naturalization court to cause to be filed in chronological order in separate volumes, indexed, consecutively numbered, and made a part of the records of such court, all declarations of intention and petitions for naturalization. (54 Stat. 1158; 8 U. S. C. 737.)

REVOCATION OF NATURALIZATION

SUITS BY UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS TO INSTITUTE JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGs to revoke NATURALIZATION FOR FRAUD OR ILLEGALITY

SEO. 338. (a) It shall be the duty of the United States district attorneys for the respective districts, upon affidavit showing good cause therefor, to institute proceedings in any court specified in

subsection (a) of section 301 in the judicial district in which the naturalized citizen may reside at the time of bringing suit, for the purpose of revoking and setting aside the order admitting such person to citizenship and canceling the certificate of naturalization on the ground of fraud or on the ground that such order and certificate of naturalization were illegally procured. (54 Stat. 1158-1159; 8 U. S. C. 738.)

SIXTY DAYS' PERSONAL NOTICE TO THE NATURALIZED PERSON TO MAKE ANSWER: NOTICE BY PUBLICATION

(b) The party to whom was granted the naturalization alleged to have been fraudulently or illegally procured shall, in any such proceedings under subsection (a) of this section, have sixty days' personal notice in which to make answer to the petition of the United States; and if such naturalized person be absent from the United States or from the judicial district in which such person last had his residence, such notice shall be given by publication in the manner provided for the service of summons by publication or upon absentees by the laws of the State or the place where such suit is brought. (54 Stat. 1159; 8 U. S. C. 738.)

PRESUMPTION OF FRAUD IN OBTAINING NATURALIZATION THROUGH TAKING UP PERMANENT RESIDENCE ABROAD WITHIN FIVE YEARS AFTER NATURALIZATION; REPORTS FROM DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICERS IN SPECIAL CASES

(c) If a person who shall have been naturalized shall, within five years after such naturalization, return to the country of such person's nativity, or go to any other foreign country, and take permanent residence therein, it shall be considered prima facie evidence of a lack of intention on the part of such person to become a permanent citizen of the United States at the time of filing such person's petition for naturalization, and, in the absence of countervailing evidence, it shall be sufficient in the proper proceeding to authorize the revocation and setting aside of the order admitting such person to citizenship and the cancelation of the certificate of naturalization as having been obtained through fraud. The diplomatic and consular officers of the United States in foreign countries shall from time to time, through the Department of State, furnish the Department of Justice with the names of those persons within their respective jurisdictions who have been so naturalized and who have taken permanent residence in the country of their nativity, or in any other foreign country, and such statements, duly certified, shall be admissible in evidence in all courts in proceedings to revoke and set aside the order admitting to citizenship and to cancel the certificate of naturalization. (54 Stat. 1159; 8 U. S. C. 738.)

REVOCATION INEFFECTIVE FROM AND AFTER JANUARY 13, 1941, IN RELATION TO WIFE OR MINOR CHILD, EXCEPT IN CASES OF ACTUAL FRAUD

(d) The revocation and setting aside of the order admitting any person to citizenship and canceling his certificate of naturalization under the provisions of subsection (a) of section 338 shall not, where such action takes place after the effective date of this

Act, result in the loss of citizenship or any right or privilege of citizenship which would have been derived by or available to a wife or minor child of the naturalized person had such naturalization not been revoked, but the citizenship and any such right or privilege of such wife or minor child shall be deemed valid to the extent that it shall not be affected by such revocation: Provided, That this subsection shall not apply in any case where the revocation and setting aside of the order was the result of actual fraud. (54 Stat. 1159; 8 U. S. C. 738.)

NATURALIZATION TO BE JUDICIALLY DECLARED VOID UPON CONVICTION OF KNOWINGLY PROCURING NATURALIZATION IN VIOLATION OF LAW

(e) When a person shall be convicted under this Act of knowingly procuring naturalization in violation of law, the court in which such conviction is had shall thereupon revoke, set aside, and declare void the final order admitting such person to citizenship, and shall declare the certificate of naturalization of such person to be canceled. Jurisdiction is hereby conferred on the courts having jurisdiction of the trial of such offense to make such adjudication. (54 Stat. 1159; 8 U. S. C. 738.)

PROCEDURE WHERE NATURALIZATION REVOKED; DUTY OF NATURALIZED PERSON TO SURRENDER CERTIFICATE TO THE COMMISSIONER

(f) Whenever an order admitting an alien to citizenship shall be revoked and set aside or a certificate of naturalization shall be canceled, or both, as provided in this section, the court in which such judgment or decree is rendered shall make an order canceling such certificate and shall send a certified copy of such order to the Commissioner; in case such certificate was not originally issued by the court making such order, it shall direct the clerk of the naturalization court in which the order is revoked and set aside to transmit a copy of such order and judgment to the court out of which such certificate of naturalization shall have been originally issued. It shall thereupon be the duty of the clerk of the court receiving such certified copy of the order and judgment of the court to enter the same of record and to cancel such original certificate of naturalization, if there be any, upon the records and to notify the Commissioner of the entry of such order and of such cancelation. A person holding a certificate of naturalization or citizenship which has been canceled as provided by this section shall upon notice by the court by which the decree of cancelation was made, or by the Commissioner surrender the same to the Commissioner. (54 Stat. 1159-1160; 8 U. S. C. 738.)

SECTION RETROACTIVE AS TO PREVIOUSLY GRANTED CERTIFICATES

(g) The provisions of this section shall apply not only to any naturalization granted and to certificates of naturalization and citizenship issued under the provisions of this Act, but to any naturalization heretofore granted by any court, and to all certificates of naturalization and citizenship which may have been issued heretofore by any court or by the Commissioner based upon naturalization granted by any court. (54 Stat. 1160; 8 U. S. C. 738.)

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