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holds the heads of which are North Italians, and the households the heads of which are Poles, show the largest proportion, or 25.9 per cent, keeping boarders or lodgers, while, with the exception of the households the heads of which are English and the households the heads of which are Irish (each of which show none) the households the heads of which are Swedish show the smallest proportion, or 3.6 per cent, keeping boarders or lodgers.

The following table shows by general nativity and race of head of household the average number of boarders or lodgers per household. The averages are based (1) on the total number of households studied and (2) on the number keeping boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 163.-Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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In the 359 households only 54 boarders or lodgers were reported, making an average of 0.15 per household. Based on the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers, the average number of boarders or lodgers is 1.69. In the households of the native-born of foreign father there is no instance in which boarders or lodgers are kept. Of the 10 households of the native-born of native father only one boarder or lodger is reported. The 334 foreign-born households average 0.16 boarders or lodgers. The 31 foreign-born households keeping boarders or lodgers average 1.71 boarders or lodgers. Among the specified races the average number of boarders or lodgers ranges from 0.48 per Slovak household to none at all in either the English or Irish households.

SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED,

The range in the size of apartments occupied by the households of the slaughtering and meat-packing employees is presented in the following table, which shows by general nativity and race of head of household the per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms:

TABLE 164.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Of the 359 households studied in the preceding table, 47.1 per cent occupy apartments of 4 rooms, 12.3 per cent and 7.2 per cent occupy apartments of 3 and 2 rooms, respectively, and 16.4 per cent and 14.2 per cent occupy apartments of 5 and 6 rooms, respectively. No households occupy apartments of 1 room, and only 2.8 per cent occupy apartments of 7 rooms or more. No households the heads of which are native-born occupy apartments of less than 3 rooms, as compared with 7.8 per cent of the households the heads of which are foreign-born.

Of the households the heads of which are Germans, Irish, and Swedish none occupy apartments of less than 3 rooms, while the households the heads of which are Slovaks show a larger proportion occupying apartments of 2 than any other specified number of rooms. Of the households occupying apartments of 4 rooms those of which the heads are Bohemian and Moravian show the largest and those of which the heads are English the smallest proportion. Of the households occupying apartments of 6 rooms those of which the heads are English show the largest and none of those the heads of which are Poles or Slovaks are reported as occupying an apartment as large as this. Less than 10 per cent of each race occupy apartments of 7

rooms or more.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The size of households is indicated by the table next presented. It shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the per cent of households of each specified number of persons.

TABLE 165.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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In this locality, 12.5 per cent of the households studied are of 2 individuals; 21.7 per cent of 3 individuals; 20.6 per cent of 4 individuals; 16.4 per cent of 5 individuals; 10 per cent of 6 individuals; 9.5 per cent of 7 individuals; and only a very small proportion of 8 individuals, 9 individuals, and 10 or more individuals, respectively. Among the foreign-born, the English have the largest proportion of households of 2 individuals; the Irish have the largest proportion of households of 3 individuals; the Bohemians and Moravians have the largest proportion of households of 4 individuals; and the Slovaks have the largest proportion of households of 5 individuals. The proportion of households of 10 or more individuals is largest for the English.

CONGESTION.

The crowded conditions within the households and the effect of congestion upon living arrangements are set forth in the series of tables next submitted. The first of these tables shows the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, according to general nativity and race of head of househodì.

TABLE 166.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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From the foregoing table it is seen that out of a total of 359 households there are, on an average, 4.63 persons to each apartment, 1.08 persons to each room, and 2.31 persons to each sleeping room. Greater congestion prevails among those of foreign birth than among either those of native birth and native father or those of native birth and foreign father.

Among the various foreign races the Slovak and the German are the only races where there are more than 5 persons per apartment, while the Bohemians and Moravians are next with 4.96 persons per apartment. The Russian alone of all the foreign races have less than 4 persons per apartment, their average being 3.18 persons, which gives them not only the lowest average of persons per apartment among the foreign-born, but it is even less than either the average of the Whites native-born of native father (3.70) or native-born of foreign father (4.20).

Five races, Slovak, Polish, Bohemian and Moravian, Magyar and German average more than 1 person per room. Greater contrasts appear in the matter of sleeping rooms than in any other respect. In this regard no foreign race has as low an average as either the native-born of native father or native-born of foreign father. The highest average is shown by the Slovaks, where 3.22 persons are found for each sleeping room. Those having an average of less than 2 persons per sleeping room are the English and the Irish; all other races of foreign birth have a greater average than 2 persons per sleeping apartment.

The range in the number of persons per room is shown by general nativity and race of head of household in the following table:

TABLE 167.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

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This table shows a total of 359 households with an average of 1.08 persons per room. Those of foreign birth have an average of 1.10

lower per room, while the native-born of foreign father show a

average, having only 0.98 person per room, and the nativeborn of native father are still lower with 0.77 person per room.

Of the foreign households having 1 or more persons per room, the Slovaks lead with 100 per cent, while the English are at the foot of the list with only 36 per cent of their households averaging one or more to each room. Those races having 2 or more persons per room are the Slovak, Polish, Bohemian and Moravian, Swedish, and German. The greatest congestion exists among the Slovaks, of whose households 51.9 per cent have 2 or more persons per room. Only three races are represented as having 3 or more persons per room, the Bohemian and Moravian, Slovak, and Polish.

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