Lapas attēli
PDF
ePub

number being foreign-born. The Bohemians and Moravians, English, Germans, Irish, and Magyars each show a small number working. The earnings were of no consequence.

ANNUAL EARNINGS OF FEMALES 18 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the average yearly earnings of all females in the households studied who were 18 years of age or over working for wages:

TABLE 150.-Yearly earnings (approximate) of females 18 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][merged small]

The above table shows that of 46 females 18 years of age or over reporting complete data the average yearly earnings are $360. A very much larger average yearly earning is shown by the native-born of foreign father than by the foreign-born. Of the native-born of foreign father only those whose fathers were Bohemians and Moravians report in sufficient numbers to be computed, and the average yearly earnings of the individuals of this race reporting is considerably higher than the average shown by the foreign-born, and lower than that shown by the combined average of all the native-born of foreign father reporting.

RELATION BETWEEN THE EARNINGS OF HUSBANDS AND THE PRACTICE OF WIVES OF KEEPING BOARDERS OR LODGERS.

The tendency of wives according to the earnings of their husbands. to contribute to the family income is set forth in the table next presented. It shows by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family the number and per cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers.

TABLE 151.-Number of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[The families here represented are only those where both husband and wife are present.]

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

a For selection of families, see p. 413.

This column includes 1 family in which husband's earnings are reported as "none."

TABLE 152.-Per cent of families in which wife has employment or keeps boarders or lodgers, by yearly earnings of husband and by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races. The families here represented are only those where both husband and wife are present.]

[blocks in formation]

a This column includes 1 family in which husband's earnings are reported as "none."
Not computed, owing to small number involved.

Of the 336 families studied in the preceding table, it will be seen that the largest proportion of wives having employment or keeping boarders or lodgers is shown in families where the yearly earnings of husband are under $400, while the smallest proportion is shown in families where the earnings of husband are $600 or over. As regards the native-born in comparison with the foreign-born, it will be seen that the only computation made for the former is smaller than the corresponding proportion as shown by the latter.

Of the foreign families in which the yearly earnings of the husband are under $400, the Irish and Slovaks show the largest, and the Bohemians and Moravians the smallest, proportion of wives having employment or keeping boarders or lodgers; while of those in which the yearly earnings of husband are from $400 to $600 the North Italians and Slovaks show considerably larger proportions than do the Bohemians and Moravians and Poles, the Germans and Irish showing none. The Slovaks, Germans, North Italians, and Bohemians and Moravians each show a proportion ranging from 20 per cent to 9.3 per cent, in the order named, of wives, in families where earnings of husband are $600 or over, who have employment or keep boarders or lodgers. Of the races which show a proportion of wives who have employment or keep boarders or lodgers in each specified amount shown as yearly earnings of husband, it will be seen that the Bohemians and Moravians and Slovaks show a certain proportion in each, while the Irish show a proportion in the under $400 only.

SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME.

The general sources of family income are exhibited by the following table, which shows, according to general nativity and race of head of family, the per cent of families having an income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources:

TABLE 153.-Per cent of families having an income within the year from husband, wife, children, boarders or lodgers, and other sources, by general nativity and race of head of family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

The most important information in connection with the totals for the above table is that approximately 100 per cent of the families reporting have an income from earnings of the husband, as compared with but 2.1 per cent who have income from earnings of wife. None of the native-born families have income from wife's earnings and only a small proportion have income from children's contributions or from boarders or lodgers. A very small proportion of foreign-born families have income from earnings of wife, and a slightly increased proportion have income from boarders or lodgers. The proportion of families among the foreign-born having income from children's contributions is much larger than in the case of the native-born.

The Irish and Polish are the only races reporting less than 100 per cent of the families studied who have income from husband's earnings. The North Italians, Poles, Slovaks, and Swedes show no families which have income from wife's earnings, and the races that do show families having income from that source report in each case less than 5 per cent of their total number. The proportion of families having contributions from children is larger for the Irish than for any other race studied. The Bohemians and Moravians, English, Germans, and Swedes each report almost the same proportion of families having income from children's contributions. The families having income from the payments of boarders or lodgers appear in largest proportions among the Slovak, North Italian, and Polish races in the order named, the largest proportion being 23.1 per cent of the Slovaks. Compared with this proportion, only 6.6 per cent of the Bohemians and Moravians derive income from this specified source, and none of the English, Irish, or Swedes report any such income. Upon the information reported, the Bohemians and Moravians show the largest proportion of families deriving income from sources other than those specified, and are followed in the order named, by the German, Irish, Slovak, Swedish, Polish, English, and North Italian

races.

The proportion of families having incomes from each specified source is shown in detail in the table next presented, by general nativity and race of head of family.

[blocks in formation]

TABLE 154.—Source of family income in detail, by general nativity and race of head of

family.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more families reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

[blocks in formation]
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

From the information secured regarding the total number of families included in the foregoing table, the most important feature is that the largest proportion of the families studied derive their entire income from husband, and the smallest proportion from children. Only 0.3 per cent of all the families report income from the latter source, while the proportion deriving entire income from husband is 54.3 per cent. A greater proportion of native-born than of foreignborn families derive their entire income from husband, while the proportions of foreign-born families having income from such sources as husband and wife, husband and children, husband and boarders or lodgers is greater than the proportion of the native-born.

The proportion of families who derive their entire income from husband is larger among the North Italians than any other race, and smallest among the Irish. The Poles show a proportion almost as large as the North Italians, and are followed, in the order named, by the Slovaks, Swedes, English, Germans, and Bohemians and Moravians. The English and German are the only races showing any families who derive their entire income from husband and wife combined. Every race studied shows a proportion of families who have income from husband and children combined, the English showing the largest proportion and the Slovaks the smallest. The only races having entire income from husband, wife, and children combined are the Bohemians and Moravians, and Irish. A larger proportion of Slovak families than of any other race have entire income from husband and boarders or lodgers. The smallest proportion of any race, except the English, Irish, and Swedish, who report zero, who derive income from this source, is the Bohemian and Moravian.

Husband, wife, and children.

Husband and boarders or lodgers.

Children.

Sources or combination of sources not before specified.

« iepriekšējāTurpināt »