United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary. volume I

Myron H. Nordquist

Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985. gada 13. dec. - 467 lappuses

These commentaries are based almost entirely on the formal and informal documentation of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III, 1973-1982), coupled, where necessary, with the personal knowledge of editors, contributors, or reviewers, many of whom were principal negotiators or UN personnel who participated in the Conference.

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Introduction J N Moore	xxv

Introduction John Norton Moore	xxix

H Nordquist	xli

List of Abbreviations	xlvii

Statement by C A Stavropoulos	lvii

Statement by H S Amerasinghe	1

Statement by T T B Koh	11

Statement by B Zuleta	17

SUBSECTION G LEGAL STATUS PRIVILEGES	288

GLOBAL AND REGIONAL COOPERATION	295

Studies research programmes and exchange of information and data Article 201 Scientific criteria for regulations SECTION 3 TECHNICAL ASSIST...	296

Preferential treatment for developing States SECTION 4 MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT	297

INTERNATIONAL RULES AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION TO PREVENT REDUCE AND CONTROL POLLUTION OF THE MARINE ENVIR...	298

Pollution from activities in the Area Article 210 Pollution by dumping	299

Pollution from vessels	300

Pollution from or through the atmosphere SECTION 6 ENFORCEMENT	302

Negotiating Process of UNCLOS III T T B Koh	29

THE NATURE OF THE AGENDA ITEMS THEIR CRUCIAL	42

THE EMERGENCE AND FORMATION OF NEW INTEREST	54

THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS	61

THE ROLE OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS	68

USEFULNESS OF THE INTEREST GROUPS IN	85

B Why was it difficult for the Conference to establish groups	95

THE UNOFFICIAL NEGOTIATING PROCESS	104

USEFULNESS OF SUCH PRIVATE GROUPS	111

PREPARATION OF THE REVISED SINGLE NEGOTIATING	117

THE PROCESS LEADING TO ICNT REVISION 1 125 22	125

THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE DRAFT CONVENTION	131

Work of the Drafting Committee L D M Nelson	135

General Assembly Resolutions on LOS	153

United Nations Convention on LOS	206

INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEA	213

CONTIGUOUS ZONE	219

TRANSIT PASSAGE	220

Duties of ships and aircraft during transit passage Article 40 Research and survey activities Article 41 Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in strait...	221

Laws and regulations of States bordering straits relating to transit passage	222

Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the prevention reduction and control of pollution Article 44 Duties of States bordering strai...	223

ARCHIPELAGIC STATES	224

Measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea the contiguous zone the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf Article 49 Legal status of...	225

Existing agreements traditional fishing rights and existing submarine cables Article 52 Right of innocent passage Article 53 Right of archipelagic sea l...	226

Duties of ships and aircraft during their passage research and survey activities duties of the archipelagic State and laws and regulations of the archipel...	227

EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE	228

Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone Article 59 Basis for the resolution of conflicts regarding the attribution of rights and ...	229

Conservation of the living resources	230

Utilization of the living resources	231

Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area beyon...	232

Highly migratory species Article 65 Marine mammals Article 66 Anadromous stocks	233

Catadromous species	234

Sedentary species	235

Right of geographically disadvantaged States	236

Nonapplicability of articles 69 and 70	237

Enforcement of laws and regulations of the coastal State Article 74 Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite or adja...	238

Charts and lists of geographical coordinates PART VI CONTINENTAL SHELF	239

Rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf	240

Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space and the rights and freedoms of other States Article 79 Submarine cables and pipelines on the conti...	241

Artificial islands installations and structures on the continental shelf Article 81 Drilling on the continental shelf Article 82 Payments and contributions...	242

Charts and lists of geographical coordinates Article 85 Tunnelling PART VII HIGH SEAS	243

Freedom of the high seas Article 88 Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes Article 89 Invalidity of claims of sovereignty over the high se...	244

Status of ships Article 93 Ships flying the flag of the United Nations its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency Article 94 ...	245

Immunity of warships on the high seas Article 96 Immunity of ships used only on government noncommercial service	246

Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of navigation Article 98 Duty to render assistance Article 99 Prohibition of the transpor...	247

Duty to cooperate in the repression of piracy Article 101 Definition of piracy Article 102 Piracy by a warship government ship or government aircra...	248

Seizure of a pirate ship or aircraft Article 106 Liability for seizure without adequate grounds Article 107 Ships and aircraft which are entitled to seize ...	249

CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE LIVING	253

Responsibility to ensure compliance and liability for damage	259

Benefit of mankind Article 141 Use of the Area exclusively for peaceful purposes Article 142 Rights and legitimate interests of coastal States	260

Marine scientific research Article 144 Transfer of technology	261

Protection of the marine environment Article 146 Protection of human life Article 147 Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine en...	262

Participation of developing States in activities in the Area Article 149 Archaeological and historical objects	263

DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES OF THE AREA	264

Production policies	265

Exercise of powers and functions by the Authority Article 153 System of exploration and exploitation	268

Periodic review Article 155 The Review Conference	269

THE AUTHORITY	271

Organs of the Authority SUBSECTION B THE ASSEMBLY	272

Powers and functions	273

THE COUNCIL	275

Powers and functions	277

Organs of the Council	280

The Economic Planning Commission	281

The Legal and Technical Commission	282

THE SECRETARIAT	284

Consultation and cooperation with international and nongovernmental organizations	285

SUBSECTION E THE ENTERPRISE	286

Enforcement with respect to pollution from activities in the Area Article 216 Enforcement with respect to pollution by dumping Article 217 Enforce...	303

Enforcement by port States	304

Measures relating to seaworthiness of vessels to avoid pollution Article 220 Enforcement by coastal States	305

Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties Article 222 Enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the atmosphere SEC...	307

Exercise of powers of enforcement Article 225 Duty to avoid adverse consequences in the exercise of the powers of enforcement Article 226 Investi...	308

Nondiscrimination with respect to foreign vessels Article 228 Suspension and restrictions on institution of proceedings	309

Institution of civil proceedings Article 230 Monetary penalties and the observance of recognized rights of the accused Article 231 Notification to the ...	310

Safeguards with respect to straits used for international navigation	311

SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY	312

Communications concerning marine scientific research projects	318

Legal status	321

Functions of regional centres	327

COMPULSORY PROCEDURES ENTAILING BINDING DECISIONS	330

Jurisdiction Article 289 Experts Article 290 Provisional measures	331

Access Article 292 Prompt release of vessels and crews	332

Applicable law Article 294 Preliminary proceedings Article 295 Exhaustion of local remedies Article 296 Finality and binding force of decisions	333

LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS TO APPLICABILITY OF SECTION 2	334

Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2	335

Right of the parties to agree upon a procedure PART XVI GENERAL PROVISIONS	337

Archaeological and historical objects found at sea Article 304 Responsibility and liability for damage PART XVII FINAL PROVISIONS	338

Ratification and formal confirmation Article 307 Accession Article 308 Entry into force	339

Reservations and exceptions Article 310 Declarations and statements Article 311 Relation to other conventions and international agreements	340

Amendment Article 313 Amendment by simplified procedure	341

Amendments to the provisions of this Convention relating exclusively to activities in the Area Article 315 Signature ratification of accession to and a...	342

Denunciation Article 318 Status of Annexes Article 319 Depositary	343

Authentic texts	344

HIGHLY MIGRATORY SPECIES	345

BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION	348

Qualifications of applicants	349

Transfer of technology	350

Approval of plans of work	352

Selection among applicants for production authorizations	354

Reservation of areas Article 9 Activities in reserved areas	355

Preference and priority among applicants Article 11 Joint arrangements Article 12 Activities carried out by the Enterprise	356

Financial terms of contracts	357

Transfer of data	364

Training programmes Article 16 Exclusive right to explore and exploit Article 17 Rules regulations and procedures of the Authority	365

Penalties	368

Revision of contract Article 20 Transfer of rights and obligations Article 21 Applicable law Article 22 Responsibility	369

STATUTE OF THE ENTERPRISE	370

Governing Board Article 6 Powers and functions of the Governing Board	371

DirectorGeneral and staff of the Enterprise	372

Location Article 9 Reports and financial statements	373

Allocation of net income Article 11 Finances	374

Operations	376

Legal status privileges and immunities	377

CONCILIATION	379

Procedure Article 5 Amicable settlement	380

Functions of the commission Article 7 Report Article 8 Termination Article 9 Fees and expenses Article 10 Right of parties to modify procedure SEC...	381

Failure to reply or to submit to conciliation Article 13 Competence Article 14 Application of section 1	382

Membership Article 4 Nominations and elections Article 5 Term of office	383

Vacancies Article 7 Incompatible activities Article 8 Conditions relating to participation of members in a particular case	384

Consequence of ceasing to fulfil required conditions Article 10 Privileges and immunities Article 11 Solemn declaration by members Article 12 Presi...	385

SeaBed Disputes Chamber Article 15 Special chambers Article 16 Rules of the Tribunal Article 17 Nationality of members	386

Remuneration of members	387

Expenses of the Tribunal SECTION 2 COMPETENCE	388

PROCEDURE	389

Default Article 29 Majority for decision Article 30 Judgment Article 31 Request to intervene Article 32 Right to intervene in cases of interpretation or...	390

Finality and binding force of decisions Article 34 Costs SECTION 4 SEABED DISPUTES CHAMBER	391

Ad hoc chambers Article 37 Access	392

AMENDMENTS	393

PARTICIPATION BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS	400

Final Act of UNCLOS III	404

ANNEX I	423

Statement of understanding concerning a specific method to	434

Final Act	445

Preamble	450

Autortiesības

Bibliogrāfiskā informācija

Nosaukums	United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary. volume I Center for Oceans Law and Policy Center for Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia Martinus Nijhoff: International Law Grāmatas United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, a Commentary 1. sējums. sējums
Redaktors	Myron H. Nordquist
Līdzstrādnieks	University of Virginia. Center for Oceans Law and Policy
Izdevums:	jauns izdevums
Izdevējs	Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985
ISBN	9024731453, 9789024731459
Apjoms	467 lappuses

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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary. volume I

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