the following subjects, which will have the relative weights indicated, on a scale of 100: (1) Education, 40; (2) Experience, 60. Competitors will be rated upon the sworn statements in their applications and upon corroborated evidence.

On December 10 for assistant observer, Weather Bureau, for unmarried men. Vacancies in offices of the Weather Bureau throughout the United States, and in positions requiring similar qualifications at $1,080 a year, or higher or lower salaries, will be filled from this examination.

Applications will be received until further notice for associate physicist qualified in physical metallurgy, for men only, at salaries ranging from $2,000 to $2,800 a year; and assistant physicist qualified in physical metallurgy, for both men and women, at salaries ranging from $1,400 to $1,800 a year, to fill vacancies in the Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, for duty in Washington, D. C., or elsewhere, and in positions requiring similar qualifications in other branches of the service.

For scientific assistant, for both men and women, on January 7 and 8. Vacancies in the Department of Agriculture, for duty in Washington, D. C., or in the field. The usual entrance salary for this position ranges from $1,320 to $1,620 a year, but persons showing in their examinations that they are unusually qualified are occasionally appointed at higher salaries, not to exceed $1,860 a year.

SALARIES AT YALE UNIVERSITY

THE Yale Corporation at its last meeting increased the normal salary scale for full professors doing full-time work of a satisfactory character (which has in the past been $4,000, $4,500 and $5,000) to $5,000, $6,000 and $7,000, with the understanding that $8,000 will be given in a very few cases to men of exceptional ability as teachers and productive scholars. It is believed that this action, which will be retroactive from July 1, 1919, places the average salary scale for professors at Yale University above that of any other university in America, although in two or three other institutions a very small group of men receive as

The salaries of the deans of the different schools were placed at from $6,000 to $8,000, depending upon the amount of work and responsibility devolving upon each.

The corporation adopted the following as the main criteria for determining salary increases within the normal scale:

(a) Usefulness as a teacher.

(b) Productivity and standing in the world of science, letters or art.

(c) Public service, including service to the university.

(d) Executive responsibility and efficiency. These criteria were decided upon and the individual salaries are being determined as a result of the following vote passed by the corporation at its previous meeting:

Voted, to authorize the president and the chairman of the committee on educational policy in consultation with the deans of the college, and scientific school, and the graduate school to prepare a list of salary increases to be voted on at the next meeting, together with the criteria to be adopted in assignments to salary grades, with the understanding that the deans of other schools will be consulted when the salaries of their professors are under consideration.

Full-time instructors and assistant professors in the undergraduate schools doing satisfactory work had their salaries raised last spring-the former from the old $1,000-$1,600 to the new $1,250 $2,000 scale; the latter from $2,000, $2,500 and $3,000 to a new scale $500 higher for each grade. Some further increases of assistant professors' salaries are now under consideration by the joint committee of the

corporation and deans named above. It is expected that all decisions will be reached and all full professors in the university, aside from members of the law and medical school faculties, whose salaries were decided upon last year, will be informed on December first with reference to their salary status, a special meeting having been called for November 29 when the salary list will be finally acted upon.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHICAL AND MINERALOGICAL

SOCIETY OF AMERICA

FOR several years the formation of a Crystallographical and Mineralogical Society of America has been contemplated, but the final steps leading to organization were postponed until after the close of the war. Those most concerned in the undertaking have recently been canvassed, and it is now expected that the society will be definitely organized during the meetings of the Geological Society of America in Boston, December 29 and 31.

The purpose of the society is to promote interest in crystallography and mineralogy and allied sciences. Although crystallographers and mineralogists in European countries have long been organized, there has never been a national organization in America. At some of our larger universities mineralogy was one of the first sciences to be taught. Further, the growing application of mineralogy in the development of our vast mineral resources and the increasing use of mineralogical methods in allied sciences and in industry demand an ever-increasing number of technically trained men. There are therefore sufficient reasons why those actively engaged in these fields of science in America should be banded together.

In the organization of the society it is proposed to have two types of membership, such as fellows and members, or members and associate members. The first group would include persons who have published results of crystallographical and mineralogical research, while the second group would consist of persons engaged or interested in crystallographical and mineralogical work. It is planned to hold annual meetings for the reading of papers and the transaction of business, as is

customary with national scientific societies. It is also hoped that the society will soon be able to support an independent publication, preferably a monthly journal, devoted entirely to the special field of the society. American crystallographers and mineralogists have long realized the need of such a journal in which their contributions could be published without necessary delays.

Annual fees of $3.00 to $5.00 are suggested. These annual fees are to include subscription to the journal of the society when established, which preliminary investigations indicate can be done in the near future.

All interested in the founding of this society are urged to attend the organization meeting to be held in Boston, at the Copley Square Hotel, Tuesday, December 30. Further, all prospective members regardless of whether or not they can attend the above meeting are requested to communicate with Edward H. Kraus, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

EDWARD H. KRAUS (Michigan),

ALEXANDER N. PHILLIPS (Princeton),

FRANK R. VAN HORN

(Case),

THOMAS L. WALKER

(Toronto),

EDGAR T. WHERRY

(U. S. Bureau of Chemistry), HERBERT P. WHITLOCK

(American Museum of Natural History)

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ZOOLOGISTS

THE American Society of Zoologists will hold their annual meeting in St. Louis, December 29 to 31. The sessions on Monday, Tuesday and on Wednesday morning will be open for the presentation and discussion of papers. In agreement with the Botanical Society of America, the genetics papers will be placed on Tuesday morning. Tuesday afternoon will be given over to a joint session with the American Ecological Society in which half of the program will be given by each so

J. T. Patterson: "Studies in Polyembryony." C. H. Eigenmann: "Faunal areas on the Pacific slope of South America.''

V. E. Shelford: "Physiological life histories of terrestrial animals."

The entire program is in conjunction with Section F of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The address of Professor William Patten, of Dartmouth College, the retiring vice-president of Section F, will be given following a zoology dinner on Wednesday evening, December 31. The subject is: "The Message of the Biologist." Following the address, moving pictures taken on his recent Barbadoes-Antigua Expedition will be shown and explained by C. C. Nutting.

The Statler Hotel will be headquarters for the zoologists. W. C. ALLEE, Secretary-Treasurer

THE SECTION OF GEOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION

The

SECTION E-Geology and Geography-of the American Association for the Advancement of Science will hold its meetings at St. Louis, Mo., on Tuesday and Wednesday, December 30 and 31, with the possibility of an extra session on New Year's Day if enough papers are offered to make such a session desirable. address of the retiring vice-president of Section E, Dr. David White, of the U. S. Geological Survey, will be upon the topic "Geology as it is taught in the United States." One joint session with the Association of American Geographers is being planned. The meetings of Section E will be presided over by Dr. Charles Kenneth Leith, of the University of Wisconsin. Titles of papers to be read before the Section should be in the hands of the secre

tary, Dr. Rollin T. Chamberlin, University of Chicago, before December 12.

THE SECRETARYSHIP OF THE AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT
OF SCIENCE

AT a meeting of the committee on policy of the American Association for the Advance

ment of Science, held in New York City on November 13, Dr. L. O. Howard, who has served the association for twenty-two years as permanent secretary, stated that in view of the great enlargement in the work of the Bureau of Entomology, of which he is the chief, and the increasing responsibilities of the office of the permanent secretary of the association, he felt unable to hold much longer the two offices. He proposed that efforts be made to find an executive officer who would devote his entire time to the work of the association and the national organization of scientific work and scientific men for the promotion and the diffusion of science. There was consequently appointed a committee on the permanent sec retaryship, consisting of Dr. Simon Flexner, president of the association, Professor A. A. Noyes, and Dr. J. McKeen Cattell.

It is believed that the secretaryship of the Smithsonian Institution, the presidency of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the chairmanship of the National Research Council and the permanent secretaryship of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, are offices of coordinate importance, and that the secretary of the association, directly re sponsible to the scientific men of the country, should hold a position and exert an influence not inferior to that of any scientific man in

the United States.

The filling of these offices is difficult, for it is undesirable to divert able scientific men from their work. But in the existing state of society there are needed those who will sacri. fice their research work in order that others may have better opportunity, as in war men are ready to sacrifice their lives to enable others to live in freedom. It is possible that the secretary of the American Association by proper organization of scientific societies, scientific institutions and scientific men and

by securing the interest and support of the public might increase by ten per cent. the productivity of science in America; only a New ton or a Darwin could do so much by his in

dividual research.

The conduct of research under modern conditions requires executive ability, and men of

science are likely to possess this quality, as has been demonstrated by those who have been called upon for administrative work both in peace and in war. In filling executive positions of a scientific character, however, it may be desirable to consider those whose scientific work can be replaced, and those not engaged in research, but having a sympathetic interest in its promotion.

For the secretaryship of the American Association a man is needed who, either through his own work or through association with men of science, appreciates the supreme importance of scientific research for human welfare, both when its applications are obvious and when they are not. He must know that research can only be advanced by drawing to it the ablest men and by giving them the best opportunities, and that for recruits and for support the sympathetic interest of a wide public is essential. He should have the executive and administrative ability which keeps details in order and initiates new movements, and at the same time possess those personal qualities that compel others to share his convictions.

The committee on the permanent secretaryship of the American Association will be glad to receive suggestions concerning the conduct of this office and concerning men competent to fill it. The committee on policy has recommended an increase of the annual dues to $5, and with its 12,000 members the association should be able to support the secretary and his work as adequately as the office warrants.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS DR. FRANK SCHLESINGER, director of the Allegheny Observatory of the University of Pittsburgh, has been elected director of the Yale Observatory.

MR. C. H. BIRDSEYE has been appointed chief topographic engineer of the U. S. Geological Survey, to succeed M. R. B. Marshall, who recently resigned as chief geographer. Mr. Birdseye was formerly chief of one of the divisions of topographic mapping and during the war served in France as lieutenant-colonel of the Coast Artillery.

COLONEL FREDERICK F. RUSSELL, of the Medical Corps of the army, has been appointed official representative of the medical department of the army in the government division of the National Research Council.

DR. FRANKLIN H. MARTIN, of Chicago, formerly colonel, M. C., U. S. Army, had conferred on him the Order of Commander of Saint Michael and Saint George by the Prince of Wales, in Washington, D. C., on November 14.

THE Boylston Medical Committee appointed by the president and fellows of Harvard College and consisting of Dr. William F. Whitney, chairman, Dr. Harold C. Ernst, Harvard Medical School, Boston, secretary, and Drs. William T. Porter, Edward H. Nichols, Reid Hunt, Henry A. Christian and John Warren, announces that at the annual meeting, held in Boston, in 1916, a prize of $300 was awarded for an essay entitled "Studies of the Streptococus of Smith," by Dr. Wilson G. Smillie, Cambridge, Mass.

R. C. ALLEN, Michigan state geologist, has resigned his office to become secretary of the Lake Superior Iron Ore Association, with offices at Cleveland.

MR. D. DALE CONDIT has resigned from the Geological Survey, and Mr. Ralph W. Howell is on a year's leave of absence, to accept positions as petroleum geologists with S. Pearson and Sons, Ltd. They sailed for England about the middle of October. Professor Olaf P. Jenkins, of the University of Arizona, who, as we recently announced, had planned to accept a position with this company has become geologist with the Sinclair Consolidated Oil Corporation, in New York City, and Mr. A. C. Veatch has been placed in charge of the exploration department of the same company.

THE Council of the Ray Society has appointed Dr. W. T. Calman, of the Zoological Department, British Museum (Natural History), to be secretary in succession to the late Mr. John Hopkinson.

DR. WILLIAM H. RANKIN, for the last five years assistant professor of plant pathology in

the college of agriculture, Cornell University, has been appointed officer in charge of the Field Laboratory of Plant Pathology of the Canadian Department of Agriculture, with headquarters at St. Catherine's, Ontario, and has entered upon his work.

E. J. LAMBERT and A. J. Carlson, professors of the University of Minnesota, have completed an examination of the Mesabi and Vermilion range in the interest of the Minnesota Tax Commission.

WILSON POPENOE, agricultural explorer in the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, sailed from California on November 12 for Central and South America, where he will search for economic plants worthy of introduction into the warmer portions of the United States. It is particularly planned to investigate the wild and cultivated avocados, and to obtain the most promising ones for trial in this country.

MR. ROBERT CUSHMAN MURPHY, of the Brooklyn Museum, is in Peru, where he is engaged in making investigations of the birds of the coastal islands. Moving pictures will be made of some of the colonies of pelicans, cormorants, and other sea birds of that region.

DR. HENRY KREPELKA, of Prague, in CzechoSlovakia, has been appointed to a research fellowship in chemistry at Harvard and is engaged in the study and investigation of atomic weights under the guidance of Professor Theodore Richards. Dr. Krepelka has been serving as assistant to Professor Brauner, who is director of the chemical laboratory of the University of Prague.

"Nutrition and physical efficiency." On November 25 he spoke before the Institute of Medicine of Chicago on "The fundamental principles underlying modern nutrition investigations."

THE Bradshaw Lecture before the Royal College of Physicians was given on November 6, by Dr. A. P. Beddard, who spoke on chronic arthritis. The Fitzpatrick Lectures were given by Dr. Edgar G. Browne on November 11 and 13, the subject being "the origin and development of Arabian medicine."

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL
NEWS

OWING to the death of Mr. Edward M. Reed, which occurred on October 26, 1919, there is released for the general purposes of Yale Observatory one third of the estate of Edward M. Reed, the amount which should thus be added to Observatory funds during the year being estimated at $60,000 or more.

By the will of Lawrence E. Sexton, a New York lawyer, Harvard University receives property valued at over $100,000.

DR. LOUIS C. KARPINSKI has been promoted from associate professor to professor of mathematics at the University of Michigan.

DR. EUGENE TAYLOR, formerly instructor who has been taking graduate studies at Harvard University, and Dr. E. P. Lane, of the Rice Institute, have been appointed assistant professors of mathematics at the University of Wisconsin.

DR A. K. LOBECK, instructor at Columbia University from 1916-18 and during the past year assistant to the chief cartographer, American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Paris, has been appointed assistant professor of geology at the University of Wisconsin.

DR. JOHN T. BUCHHOLZ, of the West Texas

State Normal College, has been appointed professor of botany in the University of

Arkansas.

tute of Philadelphia on November 13, on

A. M. Buchanan.