in organic chemistry; first lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, U. S. A. In Physics Ernest F. Barker, of London, Canada. B.S. Rochester, '08; M.A., Michigan, '13; Ph.D., 15. Professor of physics Western University, London, Canada, since 1915. Albert Edward Caswell, of Eugene, Oregon. A.B. Stanford, '08; Ph.D., '11. Professor of physics, University of Oregon, since 1917. The members and acting members of the research fellowship board are as follows: Wilder D. Bancroft, Henry A. Bumstead, Simon Flexner, George E. Hale, Elmer P. Kohler, A. C. Leuschner, Robert A. Millikan. Arthur A. Noyes, E. W. Washburn. SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS DR. GEORGE ELLERY HALE, director of the Mount Wilson Observatory and foreign secretary of the National Academy of Sciences, who has been for the last ten years a correspondent of the Paris Academy of Sciences, has been elected a foreign associate, taking the place of Adolph von Baeyer, declared vacant by the academy. The foreign associates are limited to twelve, and the distinction has been held by only two Americans-Simon Newcomb and Alexander Agassiz. The National Research Council, upon the presentation and acceptance of Dr. Hale's resignation as its chairman and the election of Dr. James R. Angell as his successor, "created and bestowed in perpetuity upon Dr. Hale the title of honorary chairman in recognition of his services to the National Research Council and to science and research by indefatigable efforts that have contributed so largely to the organization of science for the assistance of the government during the war, and the augmentation of the resources of the United States through the newly intensive cultivation of research in the reconstruction and peace periods that follow." A DISTINGUISHED service medal has been awarded to Colonel William H. Walker, Chemical Warfare Service, U. S. A., for exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous service. "His extraordinary technical ability, untiring industry and great zeal have enabled remarkable results to be achieved in the production division of the Chemical Warfare Service in the face of many obstacles encountered." Colonel Walker has been discharged from the Army and has returned to his home in Bridgton, Maine. THE University of California has conferred its doctorate of laws on President Ray Lyman Wilbur and Professor Vernon Charles Kellogg, of Stanford University. THE degree of doctor of science has been conferred by Dartmouth College on Dr. Raymond Pearl, of the Johns Hopkins University. FOR scientific exhibits at the Atlantic City meeting of the American Medical Association the gold medal was awarded to Dr. H. S. Warthin and the silver medal to Dr. Hideyo Noguchi. DR. R. F. RUTTAN, of McGill University, Montreal, president of the Royal Society of Canada, has been deputed to represent Canada at the International Research Council which meets in Brussels on July 18. He will also attend the Inter-allied Federation of Chemists to be held in London as the representative of the chemists of Canada. DR B. E. FERNOW, dean of the faculty of forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, since its inauguration in 1907, retired at the close of the session just concluded. He has been appointed professor emeritus. Dr. C. D. Howe, a member of the faculty has been appointed acting dean. PROFESSOR I. BAYLEY BALFOUR has been awarded the Linnean gold medal of the Linnean Society, London. AT the seventy-first general meeting of the Institution of Mining Engineers held in London on June 19, medals were presented to Dr. Auguste Rateau, of France and M. Victor Watteyne, of Belgium. DR. JOHN DEWEY has been invited by the Chinese government to assist in the reorganization of its educational system and has for this purpose received a second year's leave of absence from Columbia University. LEAVE of absence has been given by the University of California to W. C. Bray, professor of chemistry, who will become one of the three directors of research in the new nitrate division laboratory of the government. CAPTAIN W. E. CARROLL, who has been in the Sanitary Corps of the Army in France, has been honorably discharged and will resume his duties as head of the department of animal husbandry at the Utah Agricultural College and Experiment Station. PROFESSOR L. M. WINSOR, who has been in South America as consulting engineer on an irrigation project, has returned to Utah where he will resume his irrigation investigations with the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station and the U. S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. B. R. MACKAY will be in charge of a party sent out by the U. S. Geological Survey to make explorations in British Columbia. DR. E. W. GUDGER, of the North Carolina College for Women, Greensboro, N. C., is spending a year's leave of absence at the American Museum of Natural History of New York City, where he is associated with Professor Bashford Dean in editing the third and index volume of the Bibliography of Fishes. Letters and separates may be addressed to him at the museum. DR. MAURICE L. DOLT, professor of organic chemistry at the North Dakota Agricultural College, has resigned to accept a position as research chemist with the American Cotton Oil Company. THE Committee on Scientific Research of the Journal of the American Medical Association has made an appropriation for the preparation of a critical summary of the epidemiology and bacteriology of the influenza pandemic. The work has been placed in charge of Professor Edwin O. Jordan, of the University of Chicago. It is requested that reprints of articles and statistical records on influenza be forwarded to Professor Jordan as soon as published. DR. M. CURTIS FARABEE, who was ethnographer to the American Commission to Nego tiate Peace and went to Paris with President Wilson's party, has returned to the University of Pennsylvania. While in Paris he was made a corresponding member of the Paris Anthropological Society and of the Association for the Teaching of Anthropological Sciences. DR. REGINALD A. DALY, professor of geology at Harvard University, will go to Samoa this summer under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington to study the volcanic formations and coral reefs of the Samoan Islands. MAJOR VICTOR CLARENCE VAUGHAN, JR., on duty with the American Expeditionary Forces was accidentally drowned in France, on June 10. Major Vaughan, who was born in Ann Arbor, in 1879, was associate professor of preventive medicine and assistant professor of medicine in the Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery, and the author of valuable contributions to pathology and bacteriology. ADDITIONAL information regarding the observations made by Dr. Bauer's party at Cape Palmas, Liberia, during the total solar eclipse of May 28-29, states that the magnetic effect observed in previous eclipses has been confirmed. The inner corona was very bright, and marked outer corona extensions south southeast and north northwest were observed. No shadow bands were seen. THE Selous collection of big-game trophies has been presented to the Natural History Museum, London, by Mrs. Selous, is said by Nature to be the finest ever brought together as the product of one man's gun. It consists of some five hundred specimens shot by the late Captain F. C. Selous, D.S.O., during a period of nearly forty years, some of the trophies dating from his earliest days as a hunter. The greater part of the collection is African, but there are many specimens from Canada, Newfoundland, the southern Carpathians and Asia Minor. Mrs. Selous has also presented to the Natural History Museum the superb collection of European birds' eggs, every clutch in which was collected by Captain Selous, and is labelled most carefully, with exact date and locality. The specimens will in due course be removed from Worplesdon to South Kensington, and kept together as the "Selous collection" for a period of years. THE establishment of a new Jardin des Plantes is proposed for France in the park of Versailles between the Trianon (villas of Louis XIV. and XV) and the Forest of Marly. The new garden of about fifteen hundred acres will be, to a large extent, supplemental to the old Jardin des Plantes in Paris, the further expansions of which has been shut off by the growth of the city. A CONFERENCE devoted to the consideration of problems of reconstruction in relation to public health was held in London from June 25, to June 28. The subjects considered were under the following heads: (1) The Work of the Ministry of Health; (2) The Prevention and Arrest of Venereal Disease; (3) Housing in Relation to National Health; (4) Maternity and Child Welfare, and (5) The Tuberculosis Problem under After-War Conditions. MISS ELIZABETH C. WHITE is offering $50 apiece for wild blueberry bushes bearing berries as large as a cent. She has already secured two such plants from New Jersey. Besides propagating from these bushes for her own blueberry plantation she will furnish cuttings of them to Mr. Frederick V. Coville, of the United States Department of Agriculture, for use in his blueberry breeding experiments. Details of the offer can be had from Miss White, whose postoffice address is New Lisbon, New Jersey.. THE University of California, in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Soils, has started work on the soil survey of the Big and Little Shasta Valleys in Siskiyou County. E. B. Watson, of the Bureau of Soils, is in charge of the work and is assisted by Professor Alfred Smith, of the university. The survey will cover about 450 square miles and when completed will be published with a map showing the location of each of the soils that occur in the region and a report in which each of these soils will be fully described. The report will also contain a discussion of the agricultural conditions of the region and of the crops that can be grown on the soils. THE British government proposes to expend during the next five years about £2,000,000 on agricultural research and agricultural education. Substantial scholarships will be offered to men who have distinguished themselves in the natural sciences at the universities, and a certain number will be selected for employment in universities and other institutions. Nature says that research is already carried on at Cambridge, Rothamsted, Bristol and Reading; but whereas at present there are probably not more than forty men in England and Wales engaged on pure research in agricultural science, it is hoped that during the next decade or so the number may be raised to about 150. Another feature will be the encouragement of higher agricultural education in colleges by means of grants and in other ways. There are about a dozen agricultural colleges in England and Wales, and it is hoped to bring the farmer into more sympathetic touch with them by the creation of more demonstration farms and of a keener sense of the general value of science in agriculture. UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL AN unnamed donor has provided the funds for a new chemistry building for Cornell University, to take the place of Morse Hall, which was destroyed by fire several years ago. The sum promised is said to be about $1,000,000. By the will of the late Professor William G. Farlow his books, papers, manuscripts etc., are left to Harvard University, to be known as the Farlow Reference Library. The sum of $25,000 is left in trust for his assistant, Arthur B. Seymour, who will enjoy the income during his life. On his death the income will be added to a gift of $100,000 previously made to Harvard, which is known as the John S. Farlow Memorial Fund. Professor Farlow further provides that on the death of his wife $100.000 be given to Harvard and added to the John S. Farlow Memorial Fund. THE Peking Union Medical College, Peking, China, which has been built under the direction of the Rockefeller Foundation, will be open for the instruction of students in October, 1919. The school will be coeducational. There is also a premedical school offering a three years' course which was opened in 1917. DR. HENRY KRAEMER has been appointed dean of the college of pharmacy of the University of Michigan. C. E. NEWTON, acting dean of the school of mines at the Oregon Agricultural College since the resignation of Dean E. K. Soper several weeks ago, has been made dean of the school. He was graduated from Michigan School of Mines in 1916, and was assistant professor of engineering at the University of Washington for several years before going to the Oregon College in 1917 as associate professor of metallurgy. DR. SUMNER C. BROOKS, of the department of tropical medicine of Harvard University, has been appointed associate professor of physiology and bio-chemistry at Bryn Mawr College. Ar the University of Virginia Dr. Graham Edgar, who was associate professor of chemistry from 1910 to 1917, has been made professor of chemistry. He received the B.S. degree from the University of Kentucky and the Ph.D. degree from Yale University. John H. Yoe has been made adjunct professor of chemistry. He holds the degree of bachelor of science from Vanderbilt University and that of master of science from Princeton University. He will receive his doctor's degree this year at Princeton. MAJOR A. J. ALLMAND has been appointed to the chair of chemistry at King's College, University of London. Prior to his engagement in war work he was demonstrator in physical chemistry at the University of Liverpool. COLONEL J. G. ADAMI, Strathcona professor of pathology and bacteriology in McGill University since 1892, has accepted the vice-chancellorship of the University of Liverpool. DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE METCALF AND BELL UPON SALPIDE1 PROFESSOR T. D. A. Cockerell has called my attention to three errors in my2 recent discussion of the taxonomy of the Salpida. He writes: There are a few points which seem to need elucidation or correction, and I venture to present them for your consideration. 1. Apsteinia was used by Schmeil in Crustacea in 1895. 2. Brooksia is uncomfortably like Brookesia Gray 1864 (Reptilia), but the difference of a letter saves it in my opinion. 3. Ritteria was used by Kramer in Arachnida in 1877. 4. You call the above subgena but treat them as genera, using binomials. This is inconsistent: you surely should get down one side of the fence. 5. You make Salpa fusiformis the type of Salpa, but this can not be, as Forskal named maxima in 1775, and although he recorded fusiformis without name, Cuvier in 1804 described it as a species. It surely is necessary to consider maxima the type of Salpa. 1. For Apsteinia substitute Ihlea, after J. E. W. Ihle, a most accurate student of the Salpida, who has worked upon most of the species of this subgenus. 2. The fact that two zoologists had similar names, Brooks and Brookes, should hardly prevent naming genera or subgenera after each, especially when the names so given do not resemble each other in pronunciation. 3. For Ritteria substitute Ritteriella, Dr. Cockerell's suggestion with which I concur. 4. I do not see objection to using the subgeneric name in binomial reference in a paper which deals only with one genus. Such usage aids brevity and is not in danger of being misunderstood. 5. The reference to Salpa fusiformis as the typus instead of Salpa maxima is clearly an error, and I do not understand how it crept into my manuscript, for in the synonymy 1"The Salpidæ, A Taxonomic Study," U. S. National Museum Bulletin, 100, Vol. 2, Part 2. 2 The paper was written by me and the errors are mine, not Miss Bell's. paragraphs under the two species I show maxima named in 1775 and fusiformis in 1804. I wish very cordially to thank Professor Cockerell for his kindness in calling these errors to my attention and giving me the opportunity to correct them. Dr. Ellis L. Michael questions a statement in the same paper (page 139) in which I say: "The solitary individuals (of Thalia democratica) lie at a considerable depth during winter, spring and early summer, coming to the surface with the aggregated zooids in the fall." He writes that the records of the Scripps Institution show "the almost complete restriction of both generations to the months of June and July. I have gone through our list of deep water collections again, and find that the statement made in my (published) report to the effect that, when all depths are considered, the species is still almost entirely restricted to the months of June and July, stands as given." My statement quoted above was somewhat inaccurate. Salpa (Thalia) democratica has been found at the surface every month in the year, but in North Atlantic waters it is most abundant at the surface from July to September. When not at the surface the animals must be in deeper water. A more accurate statement than the one quoted would be that both solitary and aggregated forms of Salpa (Thalia) democratica are less frequent at the surface during the colder months, becoming more abundant as summer advances, and being most abundant in the late summer and early fall. The conditions off the California coast seem a bit exceptional, the time of maximum frequency of this species at the surface of the ocean being about a month earlier than in North Atlantic waters, and the species being less frequent in the winter, spring and fall than in many regions. Dr. Michael's report of its abundance in June and July and its scarcity at other times, reminds one of Agassiz's reference to the sudden appearance of this species off the New England coast and its equally sudden disappearance. In few, if 3Three Cruises of the Blake," Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Howard Univ., Vol. 14, 1888, p. 190. any, other localities have so full records of distribution of pelagic organisms been made, as off La Jolla, and it may be that similar complete records for this species for other localities would show somewhat closer agreement with the records of the Scripps Institution. MAYNARD M. METCALF THE ORCHARD LABORATORY, OBERLIN, OHIO, June 12, 1919 "WORKING UP" IN A SWING A CHILD sitting or standing in a swing can "work up" until he is swinging through a considerable distance. How is it possible for him, without touching his feet to the ground, to increase the extent of his swinging? As I do not recall ever seeing any discussion of this matter, the following note may not be out of place. What the child does appears to be this: Near the end of an excursion he shifts his position so that he is on the whole farther from the axis of rotation [limb of tree, or other support], and when he is near the middle of his path he brings himself back again toward the axis. Now a shift of matter either away from the axis of rotation or toward it changes the moment of inertia about that axis, and therefore tends to change the angular velocity. In fact, unless a large torque is acting, a sudden shift must necessarily change the angular velocity. If the shift is made at a time when the angular velocity is small the change in angular velocity is small, but if the shift is made at a time when the angular velocity is large the change in the angular velocity may be considerable. Thus by moving toward the axis when near the middle of his path the child increases his velocity, whereas by moving away when near the end of the path he produces little change in his velocity. This action may be imitated by a pendulum. Instead of keeping the length of the pendulum constant, the upper end of the suspending cord is passed over a hook and is held by a hand. The pendulum is set swinging with a small |