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The study of international law is assigned to the Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy. He shall examine and report upon questions of international law as may be required.

He shall be charged, under the special instructions of the Secretary of the Navy, with the searching of titles, purchase, sale, transfer, and other questions affecting lands and buildings pertaining to the Navy, and with the care and preservation of all muniments of title to land acquired for naval uses.

No oral or informal opinions shall be rendered by the Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy. Formal opinions or decisions in writing shall be rendered only when directed by the Secretary of the Navy, and such opinions or decisions shall be the basis of official action by any bureau or office or officer of the Navy Department or Marine Corps only after the approval of such opinion or decision by the Secretary of the Navy.

HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

The Major General Commandant of the Marine Corps, under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy, is charged with and responsible for the procurement, discharge, education, training, discipline, and distribution of officers and enlisted personnel of the Marine Corps, including the Marine Corps Reserve, and the administration and general efficiency of the Marine Corps and of the Marine Corps Reserve. The headquarters is organized as the office of the Major General Commandant and three staff departments.

The assistant to the Major General Commandant has general supervision over recruiting; assignments and complements of officers and enlisted men; passports; transportation on naval transports; Marine Corps Institute and post schools (other than military).

The director of operations and training, under the Major General Commandant, has cognizance of military intelligence, operations, training, matériel, and aviation.

The adjutant and inspector has general supervision of claims of officers and enlisted men, courts-martial, courts of inquiry, investigations, etc.; historical archives; inspections; post exchanges; appointment, examination, promotion, reduction, and retirement of commissioned and warrant officers; military records; discharges, promotion, and reduction of noncommissioned officers; casualties; insignia.

The paymaster has supervision of questions relating to pay, allowances, bonus, gratuities, mileage, travel expenses, allotments, insurance, etc., to officers and enlisted men; deficiency and other estimates for pay, etc.

The quartermaster has supervision of matters relating to the purchase of military supplies for the Marine Corps, including subsistence, construction material, and labor; pays all expenses of the corps except those pertaining to paymaster's department; has jurisdiction over quarters, barracks, and other public buildings provided for officers and enlisted men, and repairs, alterations, and improvements thereto; vehicles for the transportation of troops and supplies; public animals and their equipment; furnishes means of transportation for movement of troops; prints and issues blank forms for the Marine Corps.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR

The Secretary of the Interior is charged with the supervision of public business relating to the General Land Office, Bureau of Reclamation, Geological Survey, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Education, National Park Service, Bureau of Mines, Division of Grazing Control, Division of Investigations, and Division of Territories and Island Possessions (see Executive Order of May 29, 1934), and certain hospitals and eleemosynary institutions in the District of Columbia. By authority of the President, the Secretary of the Interior has general supervision over the Government railroad in the Territory of Alaska. He exercises certain powers and duties in relation to the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii. Executive order of February 27, 1931, placed the administration of the government of the Virgin Islands under his supervision. Executive order of May 29, 1934, transferred to the Department of the Interior all functions of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, Department of War, pertaining to or connected with

the administration of the government of Puerto Rico. He was designated custodian of the records and files of the United States Fuel Administration and the Bituminous Coal Commission by Executive orders of July 22, 1919, March 24, 1920, and June 16, 1920, and those of the United States Coal Commission by Executive order of September 13, 1923. Executive order of April 17, 1934, transferred the functions of the United States Geographic Board to the Department of the Interior. The Secretary of the Interior is charged with the adjustment of claims filed under the War Minerals Relief Act (sec. 5, act of March 2, 1919, 40 Stat. 1274) for losses incurred in producing or preparing to produce manganese, chrome, pyrites, or tungsten during the war, and with the supervision of all matters pertaining to the Alaska Road Commission. The Bureau of Mines was transferred from the Department of Commerce to the Department of the Interior by direction of the President in Executive order of February 22, 1934. By Executive Order No. 6204, dated July 14, 1933, the President authorized the Secretary of the Interior to exercise all powers vested in him for the purpose of enforcing section 9 (c) of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and of Executive Order No. 6199, promulgated July 11, 1933. Pursuant to these orders there was established under the Secretary of the Interior, acting as Administrator for the Code of Fair Competition for the Petroleum Industry, a Petroleum Administrative Board, Petroleum Labor Policy Board, and the Federal Tender Board for the purpose of administering the Petroleum Code and enforcing section 9 (c) of the National Industrial Recovery Act.

By Executive Order No. 6198, dated July 8, 1933, the Secretary was designated Federal Emergency Administrator of Public Works to administer Title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act, which includes Public Works Projects, Soil Erosion Service, and Division of Subsistence Homesteads. The latter are administered directly by the Department of the Interior. He is a member also of the District of Columbia Permanent System of Highways Commission under act of Congress approved March 2, 1893 (27 Stat. 532), and of the Smithsonian Institution under act of March 12, 1894 (28 Stat. 41). Executive order of June 10, 1933, transferred the functions and personnel of the following agencies to the Department of the Interior: Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission, Public Buildings Commission, Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital, National Memorial Commission, Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission, and the Federal Board for Vocational Education. Executive order of February 22, 1934, transferred the Bureau of Mines from the Department of Commerce to the Department of the Interior.

Secretary Ickes is a member of the following bodies:

Special Board for Public Works, chairman.

Public Works Emergency Housing Corporation, president.

National Forest Reservation Commission, member.

Migratory Bird Conservation Commission, member.

Smithsonian Institution, member.

National Resources Board, chairman.

Industrial Emergency Committee, member.

National Emergency Council, member.

Federal Surplus Relief Corporation, treasurer.

Virgin Islands Co., member, board of directors.

Advisory Council for the Government of the Virgin Islands, member.

United States Council of National Defense, member.

Howard University, patron ex-officio.

Planning Committee on Mineral Policy, member.

Committee on National Land Problems, member.
National Power Policy Committee, chairman.

FIRST ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR

The First Assistant Secretary has general supervision over matters concerning the General Land Office, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Geological Survey, Bureau of Mines, and the Soil Erosion Service. His duties relate to the administration and enforcement of the laws enacted by Congress affecting these activities. He also considers proposed legislation relating to matters under his supervision. Duties in connection with the affairs of other bureaus are assigned to him from time to time. In the absence of the Secretary he becomes Acting Secretary.

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR

The Assistant Secretary has general supervision over all matters concerning the Office of Indian Affairs, Office of Education, National Park Service, St. Elizabeths Hospital, Freedmen's Hospital, Howard University, the Division of Territories and Island Possessions, and the Division of Subsistence Homesteads; admission, disbarment, and restoration of attorneys and agents to practice before department and bureaus thereof. The Assistant Secretary also has jurisdiction of matters of a miscellaneous character, such as the approval of the pay roll of the Secretary's office and the signing of contracts under the contingent and stationery appropriations, etc. He also considers proposed legislation pertaining to matters under his supervision. Duties in connection with the affairs of other bureaus are assigned to him from time to time.

CHIEF CLERK

As the chief executive officer of the department and the administrative head of the divisions of the office of the Secretary, the chief clerk has supervision over the clerks and other employees of the department, enforces the general regulations of the department, and has administrative supervision of the buildings occupied by the department. Has general supervision of expenditures for printing and binding, contingent, and other departmental appropriations, including stationery and postage on mail addressed to postal-union countries. Handles accounts and related correspondence for United States disbursing agents in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands; contracts and miscellaneous correspondence relating to St. Elizabeths Hospital, Freedmen's Hospital, and Howard University; estimates for and admissions to Columbia Institution for the Deaf; the admission of attorneys and agents to practice and disbarments from practice; is contact officer for the Department in matters relating to the Division of Disbursements, Treasury Department, and the General Accounting Office; handles various other miscellaneous matters of the Secretary's Office not otherwise assigned; is delegated by the Secretary to sign a portion of the official papers and documents ordinarily signed by the Assistant Secretary during the latter's absence.

COMMISSIONER OF THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE

The Commissioner of the General Land Office is charged with the survey, management, and disposition of the public lands, the adjudication of claims relating thereto, the granting of railroad and other rights-of-way, easements, the issuance of patents for lands, and with furnishing certified copies of land patents and of records, plats, and papers on file in his office. In national forests he executes all laws relating to surveying, protecting, locating, appropriating, entering, reconveying, or patenting of public lands, and to the granting of rights-of-way amounting to easements.

COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

The Commissioner of Indian Affairs, under the supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, has charge of the Indians of the United States, their education, lands, moneys, schools, and general welfare, and the purchase of supplies in connection therewith; also the education and health administration of the natives of Alaska.

COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION

The Commissioner of Education has charge of the Office of Education, which collects statistics and general information showing the condition and progress of education in the United States and all foreign countries; advises State, county, and local school officers as to the administration and improvement of schools; issues annually a report, a number of bulletins, and miscellaneous publications; issues biennially a survey of education; and administers the endowment fund for the support of colleges for the benefit of agriculture and mechanic arts and the acts relating to cooperation with the States and Territories for the promotion of vocational education and rehabilitation. He is required to make an inspection of Howard University, Washington, D. C., at least once each year, and submit a report to Congress thereon. The commissioner is a member of the Fed

eral Board for Vocational Education and of the Commission on Licensure to Practice the Healing Art in the District of Columbia.

The Federal Board for Vocational Education was created by act of Congress approved February 23, 1917. This act makes continuing appropriations to be expended in the States under State plans for the promotion of vocational education. For the fiscal year 1917-18 the amount appropriated was $1,860,000, and the appropriation increased each year until in 1925-26 it reached $7,367,000, which sum was provided annually thereafter. An act approved February 5, 1929, authorized an additional appropriation of $250,000 for agriculture and $250,000 for home economics for the fiscal year 1930, and for each year thereafter, for four years, a sum exceeding by $250,000 the appropriation of the preceding year for the promotion of vocational education in each of these two fields. The latter act expired on June 30, 1934, but an act approved May 21, 1934, authorized an appropriation of $3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1935, 1936, and 1937 for the further development of vocational education to be used in equal amounts for instruction in agricultural subjects, home economics subjects, and trade and industrial education subjects. The money appropriated under these acts is to be allotted to the States on the basis of rural, farming, urban, or total population as designated in the acts, for the promotion of vocational education in agriculture, trades and industries, and home economics, and for the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects. Utilization of allotments is authorized upon condition that for each dollar of Federal money expended the State or local community, or both, shall expend at least an equal amount for the same purpose.

The duties imposed upon the Board by the national vocational education act are of a twofold character: On the one hand, as representative of the Government the Federal Board cooperates with State boards for vocational education in promoting vocational education; and, on the other, as a research agency it is required to make, or cause to have made, studies, investigations, and reports to aid the States in developing their programs. As representative of the Government, it examines the plans submitted by the State boards, presenting in the case of each State the scheme of vocational education to be conducted by the State, and approves plans found to be in conformity with the provisions and purposes of the act. It ascertains annually whether the several States are using or are prepared to use the money received by them in accordance with the provisions of the Statute and each year it certifies to the Secretary of the Treasury the States which have complied with the provisions of the act, together with the amount which each State is entitled to receive. It is expressly required to make studies, investigations, and reports dealing with occupational processes and educational requirements for workers and apprentices, and with problems of administration of vocational schools and of courses of instruction in vocational subjects, in the several fields of agricultural, trade and industrial, home economics, and commercial employment.

A large part of the work of the Board's staff members consists of advising with and rendering direct assistance to State boards for vocational education in developing more effective and efficient programs of vocational education.

The Federal Board for Vocational Education is designated as the administrative agency, also, of the civilian_vocational rehabilitation act, approved June 2, 1920. By this act the Federal Government agrees to cooperate with the States in rehabilitating and restoring to remunerative employment any persons disabled in industry or otherwise. Under this act the duties imposed upon the Federal Board include the making of rules and regulations appropriate for carrying out the purposes of the act; cooperation with the States in the promotion of vocational rehabilitation of disabled persons; examination of State plans and their approval, if in conformity with the provisions of the act; and cooperation in this work with public and private agencies. The Federal Board must ascertain annually whether the States are properly using Federal funds and must certify, on or before the first day of January of each year, to the Secretary of the Treasury those States which have accepted and complied with the provisions of the law, designating the amount of money which each State is entitled to receive. To aid the States, the Federal Board is authorized to make studies and investigations of the vocational rehabilitation of disabled persons and their placement in suitable or gainful occupations. Acts authorizing continuation of appropriations for this purpose were approved June 5, 1924, June 9, 1930, and June 30, 1932 (effective July 1, 1933).

An act approved March 10, 1924, extended the benefits of the vocational education and rehabilitation acts to the Territory of Hawaii and authorized annual appropriations for this purpose.

An act approved February 23, 1929, extended to the District of Columbia the program for rehabilitating disabled persons. This act provided that the Board should be the active operating agency in the District.

An act of March 3, 1931, extended the vocational education and rehabilitation acts to the island of Puerto Rico, and authorized annual appropriations for this purpose.

Under Executive order of June 10, 1933, the functions of the Federal Board for Vocational Education were transferred to the Department of the Interior, and the Board acts in an advisory capacity without compensation. These functions were assigned to the Commissioner of Education on October 10, 1933.

DIRECTOR OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

The Director of the Geological Survey is charged, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, with the classification of the public lands and the examination of the geologic structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. In conformity with this authorization, the Geological Survey is engaged in preparing geologic maps and reports on the United States and Alaska, involving both topographic and geologic surveys, in conducting investigations relating to mineral resources and surface and underground waters, and in classifying the public lands and supervising the engineering phases of mineral leasing.

COMMISSIONER OF RECLAMATION

The Commissioner, under supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, is charged with the responsibility for the operation of all branches of the Bureau, including: investigation of irrigation resources; preparation of plans; construction, operation, and maintenance of irrigation projects, including power development; administration of funds provided for under the reclamation laws; the settlement and improvement of irrigated lands; the repayment of sums due from irrigators; and the investigation of reclamation and farm development projects outside of the arid region of the United States.

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Under direction of the Secretary of the Interior, adminsters 24 national parks, 1 national historical park, 67 national monuments, 11 national military parks, 11 national cemeteries, 10 battlefield sites, 4 miscellaneous memorials, 8 memorial projects, public parks in the District of Columbia, and public buildings, both within and outside the District. Formulates policies and directs protective work from standpoint of preservation and utilization and enjoyment by visitors; directs construction from engineering, architectural and landscape viewpoints, including sanitation facilities; directs public educational service in natural sciences, history and archeology, and museum developments. Is responsible for creation and organization of new national parks and monuments, including careful preliminary studies to determine areas that meet required standards. The director is by law a member and executive officer of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission. In his absence, the associate director substitutes for him.

BUREAU OF MINES

The Director of the Bureau of Mines is charged with the investigation of methods of mining, especially in relation to the safety of miners, the appliances best adapted to prevent accidents, and the possible improvement of conditions under which mining operations are carried on; the treatment of ores and other mineral substances; the use of explosives and electricity; the prevention of accidents; the prevention of waste; the improvement of methods in the production of petroleum and natural gas; and other inquiries and technological investigations pertinent to such industries. He has charge of tests and analyses of ores, coals, lignites, and other mineral fuel substances belonging to or for use of the United States; has charge of the collection of statistics on mineral resources, and economic studies of metals and minerals produced or consumed in the United States; supervises all work relating to the production and conservation of helium; in case of war, he has charge of issuance of licenses covering the manufacture, distribution, storage, use, or possession of all explosives and their ingredients.

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