The CHAIRMAN. Do you know what committee that went to in the House?

Dr. MCCABE. I have a copy here, sir. That was referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

The CHAIRMAN. At this point, without objection, we will have printed in our record a copy of this joint resolution, House Joint Resolution 174, by Mr. Poulson.

(H. J. Res. 174 follows:)

[H. J. Res. 174, 83d Cong., 1st sess.]

JOINT RESOLUTION

To provide for intensified research into the causes, hazards, and effects of air pollution, into methods for its prevention and control and for recovery of critical materials from atmospheric contaminants, and for other purposes

Whereas certain industrial processes, the use of certain fuels, and other activities have caused serious air pollution in many areas of the United States; and Whereas air pollution has caused many deaths and illnesses among the people of the United States and extensive damage to public, industrial, and residential structures, to clothing and personal property, agriculture, forests, livestock, and to other real property; and

Whereas the methods and equipment used in many of the processes that are contaminating the atmosphere are dissipating vast quantities of materials of strategic value that are in critically short supply, such as sulfur, fuels, and various chemical and mineral products; and

Whereas existing knowledge of the causes and effects of air pollution and the methods of its prevention or control is insufficient and intensification of present programs of research and investigation is needed to determine and evaluate the effects of air pollution, to develop methods for eliminating its dangers, and to conserve or recover strategic fuels and mineral products which are wasted by dissemination into the atmosphere; and

Whereas local communities are seeking technical guidance and information to aid them in meeting their responsibilities in combating air pollution; and

Whereas the problem is so widespread and is costing business and industry many millions of dollars annually its solution is so pressing as to be a matter of national concern: Therefore be it

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That (a) for the purpose of protecting public health, property, and the recovery of fuels and minerals vital to the national defense efforts, the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary of Agriculture are authorized and directed to intensify their respective activities within the scope of their existing statutory authority with respect to the conduct of research, investigations, experiments, demonstrations, and the publication and dissemination of information through appropriate media, relating to the causes and effects and means of prevention and control of air pollution. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Public Health Service, the Department of the Interior, and the Department of Agriculture such sums for each fiscal year for the next five years, following enactment of this resolution, as may be necessary to intensify such activities.

(b) The Secretary of the Interior, the Surgeon General, and the Secretary of Agriculture shall coordinate their activities under this Act and cooperate with other Federal agencies and with State and local agencies and other public and private bodies concerned with problems of air pollution, rendering every effort insofar as practicable to aid such State and local agencies in discharging their responsibilities in combating air pollution.

(c) Not later than January 1 of each calendar year after funds are made available pursuant to the authority conferred by subsection (a), the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, reporting through the Federal Security Administrator, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary of Agriculture, respectively, shall make to the Congress a report of their activities, including recommendations as to steps which should be taken by Federal, State, and local agencies, private industries, and the general public, to assure safety from air pollution and the most effective utilization of strategic resources.

(d) The Secretary of the Interior, the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service and the Secretary of Agriculture are hereby authorized to enter into such

contracts for the performance of research and services as they shall deem necessary to the efficient discharge of their responsibilities under this joint resolution.

Dr. MCCABE. It recognizes that a joint approach is essential to deal with air pollution because its serious effects on the Nation's health stem primarily from processes and methods which dissipate products of combustion of fuels and various mineral wastes into the atmosphere. It also provides for appropriately effectuating other interests of the Federal Government and recognizes State, local, and private responsibilities in dealing with the problems of air pollution, by providing that the Secretary of the Interior, the Surgeon General, and the Secretary of Agriculture shall coordinate their activities and cooperate with public and private bodies insofar as practicable to aid them in discharging their responsibilities in combating air pollution.

I would suggest that the language of the amendment be broadened to recognize that the Bureau of Mines has a role in engineering research related to the mineral industries. This is recognized in Mr. Poulson's bill. I have discussed this informally with the Public Health Service, and they have expressed a desire to meet with the Bureau of Mines' representatives to work out the appropriate language. For many years these two agencies have worked closely together on problems common to both, and a cooperative agreement exists which recognizes the common interest in many problems of the minerals industries.

I have here, Senator, a copy of the cooperative agreement under which our agencies have worked, which is entitled, "Memorandum of Understanding for Cooperative Activity in the Field of Industrial Hygiene in the Mineral Industries Between the Federal Security Agency, Public Health Service, and the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines."

We feel that that is a very workable arrangement, and that we could jointly approach this problem under such an agreement. I will submit that for the record, if I may, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, it will be made a part of the record.

(The document referred to follows:)

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

Mr. OSCAR R. EWING,

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington, D. C., January 26, 1951.

Administrator, Federal Security Agency,

Washington, D. C.

MY DEAR MR. EWING: In accordance with your letter of December 28, I have signed and am returning to you two signed copies of the Memorandum of Understanding for Cooperative Activity in the Field of Industrial Hygiene in the Mineral Industries Between the Federal Security Agency and the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines.

Sincerely yours,

OSCAR L. CHAPMAN, Secretary of the Interior.

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING FOR COOPERATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE IN THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES BETWEEN THE FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, BUREAU OF MINES

The Public Health Service and the Bureau of Mines hereby agree to this memorandum of understanding as a basis for cooperative activity to achieve

increased protection of health and safety through the investigation, control, and prevention of industrial health hazards in the mineral industries and in connection with the mining, preparation, treatment, and utilization of minerals and the products thereof, and through furnishing assistance in industrial hygiene, health, and safety to those States and local organizations engaged in protecting workers against health and safety hazards in the mineral industries.

1. Outline of existing activities of the Public Health Service and the Bureau of Mines

(a) The Public Health Service conducts investigations in industry for the purpose of measuring existing health hazards and determining methods of controlling and, where possible, eliminating these hazards. Information thus ob tained is available to State agencies for their use in administering laws, and enforcing rules and regulations, designed to prevent and control industrial health hazards. The Public Health Service, through consultative services, also assists the several States in formulating programs for health protection in industry, and through grants-in-aid, extends financial assistance for the creation and maintenance of industrial hygiene programs.

(b) The Bureau of Mines, among other things, conducts investigations with a view to improving health and safety in the mineral industries. The information thus obtained is published and widely disseminated among workers and operators and is available to Federal, State, and local governments for use in administering and enforcing laws and regulations relating to health and safety in the industries thus investigated. The Bureau of Mines also maintains safety stations and equipment in the various mineral regions of the United States and Alaska for the purpose of giving instruction and training on safety and health and making inspections and investigations in mines, and for giving aid in mine disasters. Engineering studies, research, and tests pertaining to health and safety of workers in the mineral industries are conducted by the Bureau of Mines in the field, and at several of the many research installations of the Bureau located at appropriate centers in the mineral industries. These investigations relate to the determination and abatement of harmful gases and dusts, and the reduction of hazards from inadequate ventilation, the use of explosives, electricity, and mechanical appliances in mining and related industries. 2. Outline of cooperative functions under this memorandum of understanding

It is agreed, therefore, that subject to applicable statutes and available appropriations, the following shall be the basis for the cooperative efforts of the Public Health Service and the Bureau of Mines under this memorandum of understanding to achieve their objective of increasing the protection of the health of workers in the mineral industries:

(a) Cooperative functions of the Public Health Service under this agreement: (1) To conduct in cooperation with the Bureau of Mines broad field studies embracing the various epidemiological phases necessary for an evaluation of conditions suspected of causing occupational diseases in the mineral industries. Such studies will include medical examinations of workers, statistical surveys, and studies of working environment.

(2) To conduct laboratory studies on the toxicity or physiological effects of minerals, mineral products, or substances encountered in the mineral industries, for the purpose of supplementing field investigations on the health of workers in the mineral industries. The Public Health Service will, on request of the Bureau of Mines, furnish to the Bureau information on the result of such studies. The Public Health Service, at the request of the Bureau of Minos, also will make studies of the physiological effects of specific substances submitted by the Burean and or assign qualified personnel to conduct such investigations In the Bureau of Mines laboratories. (b) Cooperative functions of the Hureau of Mines under this agreement:

(1) To conduct in cooperation with the Public Health Service broad studies of the health problems in the mineral industries; such studies embracing the chemical, physical, and engineering phases of health problems which the Bureau of Mines and the Public Health Service have agreed should be investigated.

(2) To conduct laboratory studies in the chemical, engineering, and physical phases of field investigations pertaining to the health of workers in the mineral industries,

(3) To cooperate with the proper State agencies in promoting the application of the results of the studies of the health of workers in the mineral

industries made by the Public Health Service and the Bureau for the purpose of controlling and preventing health hazards in these industries.

(4) To test equipment for permissibility and develop methods for control of health hazards in the mineral industries.

(c) The Bureau of Mines and the Public Health Service shall work in close cooperation according to the foregoing statement of existing and developing relationships in a unified effort to stimulate interest and action on the part of State agencies and others concerned with the protection of the workers in the mineral industries.

(d) Manuscripts reporting the results of cooperative activities under this memorandum of understanding will be published by consent of both parties.

3. As used in this memorandum of understanding, the term "mineral industries" covers all operations relating to the mining, preparation, treatment and utilization of minerals and the products thereof.

4. This memorandum of understanding supersedes the "Memorandum to form basis of joint action in the field of industrial hygiene between the United States Public Health Service and the United States Bureau of Mines, approved in 1937. This memorandum of understanding shall terminate at the end of 5 years from the date of final approval hereof, but may be terminated by either party at any time prior thereto upon 30 days' written notice to the other party.

Dr. MCCABE. The provision to elect accelerated amortization of equipment installed for the purpose of controlling atmospheric pollution would, in my opinion, greatly reduce atmospheric contamination and property loss and provide a cleaner environment. There are technical difficulties inherent in the administration of this provision which are of an engineering and fiscal nature. These difficulties can be resolved, but other departments of the Federal Government are more experienced in their administration than is the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare or the Bureau of Mines.

Particularly in the short time we have had, Senator, to consider this, the tax situation with regard to the Treasury is, of course, one that we have not had an opportunity to explore thoroughly, and feel that the Treasury Department is best qualified to comment on that point.

The Department of the Interior first had the opportunity of reviewing the proposed amendment after it was published in the Congressional Record of April 1, 1954, and the staff is now preparing a complete statement which will reflect the Secretary's position. For this reason, I am unable to present at this time the complete views. of the Secretary, particularly with regard to the amortization or the loan provisions of the amendment.

But I understand that quite often those reports do come to the committee after the hearings, and those will come to you, sir, very shortly.

In addition to the matter of accelerated amortization which, as I say, is the technical problem in the tax field, I do feel that the Federal Government could aid materially in the resolution of this

problem by advancing funds to the agencies that are qualified to work in this field. to do research. This would help the State and local level in resolving many problems, and I think it would be done for more cheaply than each of them attempting to do it alone.

I believe that concludes my statement, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You said a moment ago you feel the Federal Government ought to do something on this subject.

Dr. McCABE. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Have you any way of knowing the amount of damage and loss there is each year as a result of smoke?

Dr. MCCABE. There was a study made about 3 years ago by Stanford Research Institute in California, with regard to smoke damage, and they estimated that smoke damage alone was a billion and a half dollars a year. That would be from the burning of fuels, primarily, but there is other damage to crops and other things that are not included in that.

And we have no definite estimate of that, but it probably would be as much or more.

The CHAIRMAN. A billion and a half dollars a year?

Dr. MCCABE. Yes, sir: from smoke alone. To that would be added damage from fumes, hydrocarbon fumes, mineral dust, and that sort of thing.

The CHAIRMAN. Have you been to St. Louis since they took care of their smoke problem?

Dr. MCCABE. Yes. Before the war, in about 1935 and 1936, I served on the committee at the time they were working up their ordinances in St. Louis.

The CHAIRMAN. Then you feel it is possible to do it?

Dr. McCABE. Yes, sir.

I think we shouldn't overlook the fact that this is an extremely complex problem, and the solution for St. Louis is not the solution for Los Angeles. That is, Los Angeles burns no coal, so it doesn't do them any good to go to smokeless fuel. St. Louis can clean up rather economically by limiting their coal to smokeless fuel.

The CHAIRMAN. Of course, we have ways and means of converting soft coal that makes a lot of smoke, to take the smoke out of it. It is no longer necessary, though, to burn a specific type of coal in order to get rid of smoke.

Dr. MCCABE. That is true.

The CHAIRMAN. All you need is the proper facilities, and they

cost money.

Dr. MCCABE. That is right.

The CHAIRMAN. There is no need for one factory to do it, if his neighbor won't do likewise.

Dr. MCCABE. That is right.

The CHAIRMAN. Therefore, it becomes both a local and a Federal matter. One factory may be on one side of the river, and another factory might be on the other side of the river, in another State, and the way cities may be located doesn't give them jurisdiction over either. So, it is an interstate matter. You can burn any kind of fuel today and if you use the proper facilities for burning it you can eliminate the smoke. Isn't that a correct statement?

Dr. MCCABE. That is a correct statement, Senator.