States Treasury as miscellaneous receipts any surplus found therein, all assets and liabilities considered, above the amount appropriated to establish the said fund: Provided, however, That payments for supplies procured for a field service may, in the discretion of the head of the department or establishment controlling such field service, and with the concurrence of the Secretary of the Treasury, be made direct to the vendors by the department or establishment. (Feb. 27, 1929, sec. 3, 45 Stat. 1342; 41 U. S. C., sec. 7c.)

1878. Opening bids.-Whenever proposals for supplies have been solicited, the parties responding to such solicitations shall be duly notified of the time and place of opening the bids, and be permitted to be present either in person or by attorney, and a record of each bid shall then and there be made. (R. S., sec. 3710; 41 U. S. C., sec. 8.) 1879. Definitions.-That when used in this title [41 U. S. C., secs. 10a, 10b, 10c]

a) The term "United States," when used in a geographical sense, includes the United States and any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof;

(b) The terms "public use," "public building," and "public work" shall mean use by, public building of, and public work of, the United States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands, American Samoa, the Canal Zone, and the Virgin Islands. (Mar. 3, 1933, sec. 1, 47 Stat. 1520; 41 U. S. C., sec. 10c.)

1880. American materials required for public use.-Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and unless the head of the department or independent establishment concerned shall determine it to be inconsistent with the public interest, or the cost to be unreasonable, only such unmanufactured articles, materials, and supplies as have been mined or produced in the United States, and only such manufactured articles, materials, and supplies as have been manufactured in the United States substantially all from articles, materials, or supplies mined, produced, or manufactured, as the case may be, in the United States, shall be acquired for public use. This section shall not apply with respect to articles, materials, or supplies for use outside the United States, or if articles, materials, or supplies of the class or kind to be used or the articles, materials, or supplies from which they are manufactured are not mined, produced, or manufactured, as the case may be, in the United States in sufficient and reasonably available commercial quantities and_of_a_satisfactory quality. (Mar. 3, 1933, sec. 2, 47 Stat. 1520; 41 U. S. C., sec. 10a.) 1881. Contracts for public works; American materials; blacklisting contractors. (a) Every contract for the construction, alteration, or repair of any public building or public work in the United States growing out of an appropriation heretofore made or hereafter to be made shall contain a provision that in the performance of the work the contractor, subcontractors, material men, or suppliers, shall use only such unmanufactured articles, materials, and supplies as have been mined or produced in the United States, and only such manufactured articles, materials, and supplies as have been manufactured in the United States substantially all from articles, materials, or supplies mined, produced, or manufactured, as the case may be, in the United States except as provided in section 2 [41

U. S. C., sec. 10a.]: Provided, however, That if the head of the department or independent establishment making the contract shall find that in respect to some particular articles, materials, or supplies it is impracticable to make such requirement or that it would unreasonably increase the cost, an exception shall be noted in the specifications as to that particular article, material, or supply, and a public record made of the findings which justified the exception.

(b) If the head of a department, bureau, agency, or independent establishment which has made any contract containing the provision required by subsection (a) finds that in the performance of such contract there has been a failure to comply with such provisions, he shall make public his findings, including therein the name of the contractor obligated under such contract, and no other contract for the construction, alteration, or repair of any public building or public work in the United States or elsewhere shall be awarded to such contractor, subcontractors, material men, or suppliers with which such contractor is associated or affiliated, within a period of three years after such finding is made public. (Mar. 3, 1933, sec. 3, 47 Stat. 1520; 41 U. S. C., sec. 10b.)

1882. Bids for Government contracts; acceptance of, made subject to codes of fair competition. That no bid submitted prior to the enactment of this joint resolution in response to the invitation of any executive department, independent establishment, or other agency or instrumentality of the United States, the District of Columbia, or any corporation all the stock of which is owned by the United States (all of the foregoing being hereinafter designated as "agencies of the United States "), if otherwise valid and acceptable, shall be rejected because made subject to the provisions of any code or codes of fair competition, or any related requirements (as provided in Executive Order Numbered 6646 of March 14, 1934), if the bidder, with the assent of his surety, shall agree in writing that the contract, if entered into, shall, in lieu of such code provisions or other related requirements, be subject to all Acts of Congress, enacted after the date of enactment of this joint resolution, requiring the observance of minimum wages, maximum hours, or limitations as to age of employees in the performance of contracts with agencies of the United States. In such cases the compensation provided for in the contract shall be reduced from that stated in the bid by the amount that the contracting officer, subject to the approval of the Comptroller General, shall find the cost of performing the contract is reduced solely by reason of the contractor not complying with the provisions of such code or codes or related requirements; and the compensation for the performance of the contract shall be increased from that fixed in the contract by the amount that the contracting officer, subject to the approval of the Comptroller General, shall find the cost of performing the contract has been increased solely by reason of compliance with such subsequent Acts of Congress, if any, relating to the performance of contracts with agencies of the United States. (Aug. 29, 1935, Public Res. 65, 74th Cong.)

1883. No contracts or purchases unless authorized or under adequate appropriation. No contract or purchase on behalf of the United States shall be made, unless the same is authorized by law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment, except in the War and Navy

Departments, for clothing, subsistence, forage, fuel, quarters, transportation, or medical and hospital supplies, which, however, shall not exceed the necessities of the current year. (R. S., sec. 3732; June 12, 1906, 34 Stat. 255; 41 U. S. C., sec. 11.)

1884. No contract to exceed appropriation.-No contract shall be entered into for the erection, repair, or furnishing of any public building or for any public improvement which shall bind the Government to pay a larger sum of money than the amount in the Treasury appropriated for the specific purpose. (R. S., sec. 3733; 41 U. S. C., sec. 12.)

1885. Contracts limited to 1 year.-It shall not be lawful for any of the Executive Departments to make contracts for stationery or other supplies for a longer term than one year from the time the contract is made. (R. S., sec. 3735; 41 U. S. C., sec. 13.)

1886. Restriction on purchase of land. No land shall be purchased on account of the United States, except under a law authorizing such purchase. (R. S., sec. 3736; 41 U. S. C., sec. 14.)

1887. No transfer of contracts.-No contract or order, or any interest therein, shall be transferred by the party to whom such contract or order is given to any other party, and any such transfer shall cause the annulment of the contract or order transferred, so far as the United States are concerned. All rights of action, however, for any breach of such contract by the contracting parties are reserved to the United States. (R. S., sec. 3737; 41 U. S. Č., sec. 15.)

1888. Deposit of contracts.-All contracts to be made, by virtue of any law, and requiring the advance of money, or in any manner connected with the settlement of public accounts, shall be deposited promptly in the General Accounting Office, according to the nature of the contracts: Provided, That this section shall not apply to the existing laws in regard to the contingent funds of Congress. (R. S., sec. 3743, Feb. 27, 1877, sec. 1, 19 Stat. 249; July 31, 1894, sec. 18, 28 Stat. 210; June 10, 1921, secs. 304, 310, 42 Stat. 24, 25; 41 U. S. C., sec. 20.)

1889. Same; rules and regulations.-The heads of the several executive departments and the proper officers of other Government establishments, not within the jurisdiction of any executive department, shall make appropriate rules and regulations to secure a proper administrative examination of all accounts sent to them as required by section 12 of this Act [31 U. S. C. sec. 78], before their transmission to the General Accounting Office, and for the execution of the requirements of this Act [41 U. S. C. sec. 20], insofar as the same relate to the several departments or establishments. (July 31, 1894, sec. 22, 28 Stat. 210; June 10, 1921, secs. 304, 310, 42 Stat. 24; 41 U. S. C., sec. 21.)

1890. Interest of Member of Congress.-In every such contract or agreement to be made or entered into, or accepted by or on behalf of the United States, there shall be inserted an express condition that no member of or delegate to Congress shall be admitted to any share or part of such contract or agreement, or to any benefit to arise therefrom. (R. S., sec. 3741; Feb. 27, 1877, sec. 1, 19 Stat. 249; 41 U. S. C., sec. 22.)

1890a. Same; Agricultural Adjustment Act. That the provisions of section 3741 of the Revised Statutes (U. S. C., title 41, sec. 22) and

sections 114 and 115 of the Criminal Code of the United States (U. S. C., title 18, secs. 204 and 205) shall not apply to any contracts or agreements heretofore or hereafter entered into under the Agricultural Adjustment Act. (Jan. 25, 1934, 48 Stat. 337; 41 U. S. C., sec. 22.)

1891. Orders or contracts for material placed with Government-owned establishments deemed obligations.-All orders or contracts for the manufacture of material pertaining to approved projects placed before June 5, 1920, or thereafter or hereafter with Governmentowned establishments shall be considered as obligations in the same manner as provided for similar orders placed with commercial manufacturers, and the appropriations shall remain available for the payment of the obligations so created as in the case of contracts or orders with commercial manufacturers. (June 5, 1920, 41 Stat. 975; 41 U. S. C., sec. 23.)

1892. Contracts for transportation of moneys, bullion, coin, and securities. Whenever it is practicable contracts for the transportation of moneys, bullion, coin, notes, bonds, and other securities of the United States, and paper shall be let to the lowest responsible bidder therefor, after notice to all parties having means of transportation. (July 7, 1884, sec. 1, 23 Stat. 204; 41 U. S. C., sec. 24.)

1893. Cancellation of contracts for transportation; compensation.— Whenever it shall appear to the President, in respect of any contract entered into by the United States prior to the date of enactment of this Act for the transportation of persons and/or things, that the full performance of such contract is not required in the public interest, and that modification or cancellation of such contract will result in substantial savings to the United States, the President is hereby, upon giving sixty days' notice and opportunity for public hearing to the parties to such contract, authorized, in his discretion, on or before March 31, 1936, to modify or cancel such contract. Whenever the President shall modify or cancel any such contract, he shall determine just compensation therefor; and if the amount thereof, so determined by the President, is unsatisfactory to the individual, firm, or corporation entitled to receive the same, such individual, firm, or corporation shall be entitled to receive such portion thereof as the President shall determine and shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further sum as, added to said portion so received, will make up such amount as will be just compensation therefor, in the manner provided for by paragraph 20 of section 41 and section 250 of title 28 of the United States Code: Provided, That where any such contract makes provision for settlement in the event of modification or cancellation, the amount of just compensation as determined hereunder shall not exceed such amount as is authorized by said contract. Any appropriation out of which payments upon the said contract were authorized to be made is hereby made available for the payment of such just compensation. (June 16, 1933, sec. 5, 48 Stat. 305; Apr. 24, 1935, 49 Stat. 161; Aug. 29, 1935, 49 Stat. 991; 41 U. S. C., sec. 24a.)

1894. Exchange of typewriters and adding machines in part payment for new machines.-That the executive departments and other Government establishments and all branches of the public service may hereafter exchange typewriters, adding machines, and other similar labor

saving devices in part payment for new machines used for the same purpose as those proposed to be exchanged. (Mar. 4, 1915, sec. 5, 38 Stat. 1161; 41 U. S. C., sec. 26.)

1895. Disposition of typewriting machines.-Hereafter no department or other Government establishment shall dispose of any typewriting machines by sale, exchange, or as part payment for another typewriter, that has been used less than three years. (June 5, 1920, sec. 7, 41 Stat. 947; 41 U. S. C., sec. 27.)

PUBLIC HEALTH

1896. Detail of Public Health Service officers to Department.-Hereafter the Secretary of the Treasury may detail medical officers of the Public Health Service to the Department of Agriculture for cooperative assistance in the administration of the food and drugs Act, approved June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and six, and amended August twenty-third, nineteen hundred and twelve [21 U. S. C., secs. 1-14], and the compensation and expenses of the officers so detailed may be paid from the applicable appropriations made herein for enforcement of said Act. (Oct. 1, 1918, 40 Stat. 992; 42 U. S. C., sec. 17.)

1897. Public Health Service; officers and employees; details to executive and independent departments carrying on public-health activities.That upon the request of the head of an executive department or an independent establishment which is carrying on a public-health activity the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to detail officers or employees of the Public Health Service to such department or independent establishment in order to cooperate in such work. When officers or employees are so detailed their salaries and allowances shall be paid by the Public Health Service from applicable appropriations. (Apr. 9, 1930, sec. 1, 46 Stat. 150; 42 U. S. C., sec. 17a.) (Apr. 9, 1930, sec. 2 (a), 46 Stat. 150; 42 U. S. C., sec. 71a.)

1898. National Institute of Health; Advisory Board.-That there shall be an advisory board [which hereafter shall be known as the National Advisory Health Council] for the National Institute of Health provided by the Act of Congress approved March third, nineteen hundred and one, for consultation with the Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service relative to the investigations to be inaugurated, and the methods of conducting the same, in said institute. Said council shall consist of three competent experts, to be detailed from the Army, the Navy, and the Bureau of Animal Industry by the Surgeon-General of the Army, the SurgeonGeneral of the Navy, and the Secretary of Agriculture, respectively, which experts, with the director of the said institute, shall be ex officio members of the council, and serve without additional compensation. (July 1, 1902, sec. 5, 32 Stat. 713; Apr. 9, 1930, sec. 13, 46 Stat. 152; May 26, 1930, sec. 1, 46 Stat. 379; 42 U. S. C., sec. 21.)

PUBLIC LANDS

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

1899. Geological Survey; distribution of maps and atlases.-That the Director of the Geological Survey be, and is hereby, authorized and directed, on the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, to dispose