bridge, and it was the sons of Salem who first carried the Stars and Stripes of America to Africa and the islands of Oceanica. Salem's merchant vessels dotted every sea, and among the people of the East the name of the city was synonymous with the name of America. They knew of Salem before they had heard of the new nation that was destined to grow and fill the earth with its commercial and political greatness.

In her early history she is indissolubly linked with the banishment of Roger Williams from Massachusetts and with that sad period, the witchcraft delusion, this latter, however, marking the beginning of the disappearance of the almost universal belief in witchcraft. Her link with the Revolution and the "days that tried men's soul" is marked with a granite monolith at old North bridge, over which the English commander deemed it unwise to go in defiance of the determined and armed settlers.

No community in the country may claim more delightful homes than are to be found in the quaint houses that line many of the city streets--houses that in many cases have been standing more than two hundred years. The Peabody Academy of Science, named for the London banker, the late George Peabody, and the Essex Institute make good her claim to distinction in the collection of treasures of great scientific and educational value. Both these institutions, with their large and wonderful collections are open to the public free of charge. Nathaniel Hawthorne, the wizard of American literature, was born in Salem, and Prescott, the historian; William W. Story, the sculptor; Nathaniel Bowditch, the famous mathematician; Colonel Timothy Pickering, of Washington's cabinet, and Joseph H. Choate, who upholds the dignity of the nation at the court of St. James, are some of the sons of Salem whom the world honors.

In

Modern Salem is not lacking in interest to the student or the man of the world. Foremost in the commerce of the nation one hundred and less years ago, she has also been with the foremost in later years when the nation needed defenders or when disaster made other communities appeal for sympathy and material aid. In the wars of the Revolution and 1812, and later in the conflict with Spain, her sons leaped at the call to arms and went to do or die that the flag might be kept from humiliation. time of peace she is winning daily victories in her schools, public and private. The public schools are among the finest in the state, and the private schools lack nothing required to enable them to accomplish their special tasks. The state maintains in this city a normal school of the highest standard, and from this school go annually a large number of graduates to instruct the youth of the city or state. The public library, Salem Athenæum and several historical societies add to the educational opportunities of the city.

Diversified industries furnish work to thousands. The largest single industry is the Naumkeag Steam Cotton Company, which operates five great mills in the production of high grade sheeting. manufacturing millions of yards annually. A local branch of the American Hide and Leather Company operates a large currying and tanning plant, giving employment to several hundred men.

Delightfully situated on a hill surrounded peninsula that juts out into Massachusetts bay, the city has many advantages of position enjoyed by few cities of the state. A spacious harbor invites the commerce of the world, and offers shelter from wind and storm to the passing mariner. Though the full rigged ship of other days is seldom seen at her wharves, coastwise commerce and the commerce with the British provinces is very great. In Salem was built the

first pleasure vessel on the American continent, the Cleopatra's barge which created a sensation in European waters in the early days of the last century. Today the magnificent and speedy boats of the financial magnates of the country pass through Salem harbor to reach Beverly or Marblehead.

Toward the interior the city is guarded by high hills from the force of many a storm, and one of the delights of this city as a place of residence is the infrequency of severe storms, as it escapes, in nearly every instance, the force of storms that do much damage in adjacent or contiguous cities and towns. Rising grimly to the northwest is Gallows Hill, with its memories of witchcraft, now dotted with humble but happy homes. Tourists by the thousands climb this hill that they may visit the spot upon which the victims

of the witchcraft delusion were hanged in 1692.

Seashore and country contribute their particular beauties and advantages to the city, offering special inducements to the seeker for a delightful residence, or to the captain of industry looking for a location for transacting business economically and within easy reach of the world's marts. No city or town in the country has a greater supply of pure water for domestic or manufacturing purposes. Wenham lake, known throughout the state for the purity of its water and ice, provides Salem's ample supply. Railroad communication is easy, frequent and ample, the Boston & Maine railroad having made the city a billing station from all points north, east, south and west, an advantage not enjoyed by many larger eastern cities. One of the

most striking buildings in appearance is the twin-towered station of the Boston & Maine, the massive front with its arch and twin towers attracting the attention of every visitor. The city is also a center for the Boston & Northern street railway system, and from Town House square cars run in every direction, the lines of tracks, as they point out of the city, resembling great arteries through which course the business and pleasure life of a great community.

Admirable railroad facilities make Salem a most desirable place for manufacturing, and, in addition to the cotton and heavy leather industries, there are scores of shoe factories, numerous light leather manufacturing establishments, foundry and machine shops, the largest parlor game factory in America (Parker Bros.), several very extensive gold and silver plate depots, employing several thousand men and women. Well built

and kept streets, those of the residential portions shaded with giant elms and other varieties of trees, contribute toward making the city attractive. Six national banks, two savings banks, and two cooperative banks finance the community.

It

Established on a basis of a united church and state, Salem has ever been regarded as a religious community. was in Salem, in 1629, that the first independent Protestant church was founded, and the Essex Institute today shows the frame of that old edifice as one of its treasures. The first church society has had an interrupted existence since 1629. and today worships on the site of the original religious house in the colony. There are nineteen other Protestant and five Catholic churches.

All the secret and fraternal organizations have local branches, and the temperance movement is represented by three societies. Two orphan asylums

care for the bereft little ones, and three hospitals offer asylum to the sick or injured. Homes for aged men and women shelter and provide for those of advanced years, and the wants of the poor and needy are attended to by the associated charities. Generous bequests

from wealthy citizens of other days give the city funds to provide fuel and food for the needy, while a fund established by a bequest from a distinguished son of the old city meets the cost of entertaining the children of the city once every year.

Though the early settlers had no sympathy with public pleasure or recreation, and made no provision for parks or other breathing spots, the city has in the Willows the most beautiful marine park on the Atlantic coast and is developing other grounds for the recreation and rest of the community.

No other city in the country has withstood so great a constant assault from the camera, and not a part of the city but may be found in the possession of the professional or amateur photographer. Many thousands of tourists visit the city annually, attracted by the old places of historical interest. The admirers of Hawthorne may be met daily at "The House of Seven Gables," the "Dr. Grimshawe House," and the custom

house, and other places connected with the name and memory of Hawthorne.

In the beginning purely Puritan, the community is now cosmopolitan, the population comprising, in addition to the comparatively few descendants of the original settlers, men and women of several races and nationalities. Among the races represented are the Caucasian, Mongolian, Indian and Negro, and in the collection of national representatives are English, Irish, French, German, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Finnish. Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Greek. Chinese, Turk, Arabian, Japanese, Scottish, Danish, Mexican and some from the lesser states or nations. The Puritan will soon be a stranger in the home of his fathers.

A Board of Trade and the Salem Merchants Association labor for the industrial advancement of the city, and any information desired may be obtained by communicating with the officers of either organization. No city in the state offers better advantages to the young man or corporation about to enter or enlarge business, neither does any other city offers a more delightful spot for a home in which may be had every advantage of the great city and the quiet and rest of

the town.

CHEQU

HEOUAMEGON Bay has three thriving cities ---Ashland, Washburn and Bayfield, and on the shores of this bay more logs are sawed into lumber than at any point on Lake Superior. Chequamegon Bay is the home of the state fish hatchery, containing the finest specimens of brook trout in the United States. The healthfulness of the pineries of north Wisconsin for lung diseases has long been known, and it is the ideal spot

for sufferers from hay fever. On Chequamegon Bay are situated over a dozen large saw mills, which send lumber all over the United States, and in addition there is one of the largest grain elevators in the state. The season of navigation for Chequamegon Bay opened this year on the 6th day of April; large boats from the lower lakes laden with coal and merchandise began coming in at that time and will continue the season until navi