TABLE 68.-Per cent of employees in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race-Continued.

Of 11,116 employees in this industry, for whom information is contained in the above table, 33.9 per cent are single, 63.4 per cent married, and 2.7 per cent widowed. The foreign-born report almost the same proportions in each conjugal condition as are shown in the total for all employees. Of the females the proportion single is

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largely in excess and the proportion widowed slightly in excess of the proportion shown for all employees in each conjugal condition. Both the native whites born of native father, and native-born of foreign father show larger proportions single, while the foreign-born show a considerably smaller proportion single than is shown in the total for all females.

Considering the males, it will be noted that of those from 20 to 29 years of age, 60.9 per cent are single and 38.6 per cent married, as compared with 14 and 84.1 per cent single and married, respectively, of those from 30 to 44 years of age and 4.1 and 88.4 per cent single and married, respectively, of those 45 years of age or over. The proportion widowed 7.6 per cent for those 45 years of age or over. The foreign-born show proportions in each conjugal condition in the several age groups that vary only slightly from those shown in the total for all males. On the other hand, with the exception of a considerably smaller proportion single and a considerably larger proportion married among those from 20 to 29 years of age, the proportion of native whites born of native father, in each conjugal condition in the other periods of residence vary little from the figures shown in the total for all male employees.

Considering the foreign-born males from 20 to 29 and from 30 to 44 years of age, it will be noted that the Magyars in each group show the smallest proportion single and the largest proportion married. The Greeks show the largest proportion single and the smallest proportion married among those from 20 to 29 years of age, while the Slovenians report the largest proportion single and the Irish the smallest proportion married among those from 30 to 44 years of age. Of those 45 years of age or over, no Magyars, Slovaks, or Swedes, and only very small proportions of the other races, are single, and the Poles, with 95.9 per cent, show the largest, and the Irish with 77.1 per cent, the smallest, proportion married. On the other hand, the Irish show a slightly larger proportion widowed than do the Slovaks or Magyars, a considerably larger proportion than the South Italians, Germans, or Swedes, and a much larger proportion than do the Poles. A comparison of the native-born of foreign father shows that as between those whose fathers were born in Germany and Ireland, the former in each age group report smaller proportions both single and widowed and larger proportions married than do the latterthe differences, however, being less marked among those from 20 to 29 years of age than among those in either of the other periods.

Of the foreign-born females, the Poles, among those from 20 to 29 years of age, show a considerably larger proportion single and a considerably smaller proportion married than the Slovenians, and a much larger proportion single than the Magyars. The Magyars, however, with 50 per cent married, report a considerably larger proportion than the Slovenians and a much larger proportion than the Poles in this conjugal condition. Among those from 30 to 44 years of age no Poles are single, while the proportion of this race widowed is but slightly below the proportion married. Comparing native females born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Germany show a slightly smaller proportion single and slightly larger proportions married and widowed, among those from 20 to 29 years of age, than do those whose fathers were born in Ireland.

The totals in the above table are a combination of the proportions of the males and females, and while the proportions of the various races in each conjugal condition vary slightly from the proportions shown for the males, the relative position of the races remains practically the same as if the males alone were considered.

In the next table presented, the per cent of persons in the households studied in each conjugal condition, is shown, according to sex, age groups, and general nativity and race of individual.

TABLE 69.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex and age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of 1,214 persons reporting their conjugal condition and who are 20 years of age or over, 68.6 per cent are married and 1.9 per cent are widowed. Of the persons from 20 to 29 years of age, 48.8 per cent are married and 0.2 per cent are widowed; of those from 30 to 44 years of age, 91.2 per cent are married and 1.2 per cent are widowed; of those 45 years of age or over, 87.2 per cent are married and 11.5 per cent are widowed. In the group of persons from 20 to 29 years of age the native whites born of native father show the highest percentage married, followed by persons who are native-born of foreign father and those of foreign birth, in the order named. None of the persons in the first two nativity groups mentioned are widowed and only a small proportion in the group last named are widowed. Of the persons from 30 to 44 years of age those who are native-born of foreign father show the highest per cent married and widowed; those who are native whites born of native father follow with the next highest percentage married and no persons widowed, while the persons who are foreign-born show small proportions widowed and the lowest percentage who are married. Of the persons 45 years of age or over, the native-born of foreign father show the highest percentage married, followed by persons of foreign birth and those who are native whites born of native father, in the order named. The latter, however, show by far the highest percentage widowed, followed by the foreignborn and the native-born of foreign father in a considerably smaller proportion.

Of the persons of foreign birth, the Poles show the highest per cent married in the groups including persons from 20 to 29 years of age, and from 30 to 44 years of age. The South Italians show the highest percentage married in the group of persons 45 years of age or over. It will be noted that the females show a much higher percentage of persons who are married than the males in the groups from 20 to 29 years of and from 30 to 44 years of age. age In the group of persons 45 years of age or over the males show a slightly higher per cent who are married than the females. In the groups including persons from 20 to 29 years of age and 45 years of age or over, the females show a higher per cent widowed than do the males, while in the group of persons from 30 to 44 years of age the percentage of males who are widowed is higher than that of the females.

The significant fact in connection with the conjugal condition of the foreign-born male employees is the proportion shown to have left their wives in their native land when immigrating to this country. This tendency is indicated in the following table, which shows, by race of husband, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and the percentage who report wife abroad.

TABLE 70.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting. The total, however, is for all foreignborn.]

Of the 4,895 husbands in this industry for whom information was obtained, by far the largest proportion, or 74.5 per cent, report wife in the United States. With the exception of the Irish husbands, all of whom report wife in the United States, each race has a certain proportion of husbands who report wife abroad. These proportions, it will be noted, vary widely. By way of illustration, 3.1 per cent of the Swedish husbands, as compared with 79.1 per cent of the Greek husbands, report wife abroad. The Germans, who show 96.7 per cent of husbands who report wife in the United States are followed by the Bohemians and Moravians, Russian Hebrews, Poles, Lithuanians, Russians, North Italians, Slovenians, South Italians, Magyars, Slovaks, Croatians, and Greeks, in the order mentioned-the last two reporting but 30 and 20.1 per cent of husbands, respectively, who report wife in the United States.

The tendency of married males of foreign-birth, who left their wives abroad when they immigrated to this country, to send for them after designated periods of residence in the United States is set forth in the following table, which shows, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad.