TABLE 14.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and general nativity

and race.

Information was secured for a total of 908 persons in the glovemanufacturing industry, the sexes reporting in equal number. Of the males the largest proportion are foreign-born, followed by native whites born of native father and native-born of foreign father, in the order named, while the entire proportion of native-born negroes are females. Of the females the largest proportion are white nativeborn of native father, followed by the foreign-born and the nativeborn of foreign father in the order named, and the smallest proportion are native-born negroes. The proportion of foreign-born males, by race, ranges from 18.3 per cent, as shown by the English, to none, as shown by the Norwegian, Scotch, Slovak, and Slovenian, while the proportion of females ranges from 6.4 per cent, as shown by the English, to none, as shown by the French Canadian, Danish, Hebrew other than Russian, Magyar, Roumanian, and Syrian.

CHAPTER III.

ECONOMIC STATUS.

Industrial condition abroad of members of immigrant households studied-General occupation of males at the present time in the households studied-General occupation of women at the present time in the households studied-Weekly earnings Annual earnings of male heads of families studied-Annual earnings of males 18 years of age or over in the households studied—Annual earnings of females 18 years of age or over in the households studied-Annual family income-Wives at workRelation between the earnings of husbands and the practice of wives of keeping boarders or lodgers-Sources of family income—Relative importance of the different sources of family income-[Text Tables 15 to 34 and General Tables 6 to 21].

INDUSTRIAL CONDITION ABROAD OF MEMBERS OF IMMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

Before entering into a discussion of the economic status of employees of the glove-manufacturing industry, the industrial condition while abroad of foreign-born employees and members of their households is set forth. The first table submitted in this connection shows, by race of individual, the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country.

TABLE 15.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

The preceding table shows 6.4 per cent of the total number of males reporting without occupation before coming to the United States, 74.9 per cent were working for wages, 11.1 per cent were working without wages, and 7.7 per cent were working for profit. Hebrews

show a very high percentage without occupation before coming to the United States, Irish, English, and South Italian in the order named show small proportions, and French, Germans, and Slovaks show no males without occupation before coming to this country. French show the highest percentage and Slovaks the lowest percentage of males who worked for wages before coming to the United States. Irish and Slovaks show large proportions working without wages before coming to this country, while South Italians show a very small percentage and Hebrews, Germans, French, and English show no males working without wages before coming to this country. Slovaks show a very high percentage when compared with the other races who worked for profit, and South Italians no males who worked for profit before coming to this country.

The following table shows, by race of individual, the occupation before arrival in the United States of foreign-born males in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming to this country:

TABLE 16.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

Of the total number of males reporting, 6.4 per cent were without occupation, 60.9 per cent were in the glove industry, 5.5 per cent were farm laborers, 1.7 per cent were in hand trades and 0.4 per cent were general laborers. Of those working without wages the greatest proportion were farm laborers and of those working for profit the greatest proportion were farmers. Hebrews report the highest percentage of males without occupation before coming to the United States, Irish and Slovaks the greatest proportion who were farm laborers, and English and South Italians a very high percentage who were engaged in the glove industry in Europe before coming to this country. Irish show a very low percentage of males who had any previous experience in the glove industry, and no Slovaks were employed in this work before coming to the United States.

In the following table the industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females in the households studied who

W

were 16 years of age or over at time of coming is shown according to race of individual:

TABLE 17.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at the time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The above table shows that 71.6 per cent of the females reporting complete data were without occupation before coming to the United States, 27.9 per cent worked for wages, and 0.5 per cent worked without wages. Hebrews show the highest percentage of females without occupation, followed by French, South Italians, Slovaks, and Germans in the order mentioned. Germans show the highest percentage of females working for wages before coming to the United States, and Hebrews the smallest proportion. Germans alone show a small proportion of females working without wages before coming to the United States.

The next table presented shows, by race of individual, the occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females in the households studied who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming.

TABLE 18.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more females reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

The foregoing table shows that 71.6 per cent of the females reporting were without occupation before coming to the United States; of those who were working 5 per cent were farm laborers, 2 per cent were in domestic service, 14.4 per cent were in the glove industry, 4 per cent were in sewing and embroidering, and 2.5 per cent were in other occupations. Only an insignificant percentage were working without wages before coming to this country. Of the foreign-born races Hebrews show the highest percentage without occupation before coming to the United States, Slovaks show considerable proportions who were farm laborers, while Germans, South Italians, and French show the greatest proportion who were formerly employed in the glove industry.

GENERAL OCCUPATION OF MALES AT THE PRESENT TIME IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the general occupation of males 16 years of age or over in the households studied:

TABLE 19.-General occupation of males 16 years of age or over, by general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

The above table shows that of a total of 369 males reporting complete data by far the largest proportion, or 90.8 per cent, are employed in the glove-manufacturing industry, 6 per cent being otherwise employed, 1.1 per cent at home, and 2.2 per cent at school. The foreign-born show a larger proportion than the native-born of native father a group which in turn shows a larger proportion than the native-born of foreign father who are employed in the industry under study. The native-born of foreign father report a considerably larger proportion than either the native-born of native father or the foreign-born who are otherwise employed. From this it is clear that the second generation are inclined to seek employment in industries other than that in which their fathers were employed.