COMPARISON OF OCCUPATIONS OF THE FIRST AND SECOND GENERATIONS.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual, the percentage of males 16 years of age or over who were engaged in the manufacture of shoes:

TABLE 130.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more males born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born are shown for comparative purposes.]

Of those born abroad whose fathers are French Canadians 83.3 per cent are engaged in the manufacture of shoes as compared with 80 per cent of the native-born of native father and 76.9 per cent of the native-born whose fathers are French Canadians.

OCCUPATIONS ENTERED IN THE BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY.

The tables next submitted set forth the distribution of the several races and nativity groups in the principal departments of a representative boot and shoe manufacturing establishment of Community A.

TABLE 131.-Number of employees in each specified department, by race of individual— Company No. 1.

TABLE 132.-Number of employees in each specified department, by race of individual—

Company No. 2.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees who were 18 years of age or over, and who were earning each specified amount weekly.

TABLE 133.-Per cent of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Slightly over 75 per cent of the 2,424 male employees earn $10 or over per week, 37.6 per cent earning $15 or over, 4.8 per cent $20 or over, and only 1.1 per cent as high as $25. The native-born of native father show a larger proportion than the native-born of foreign father, who in turn show a larger proportion than the foreign-born, earning each specified rate, except $5 or over, where the proportions are approximately the same. Over 90 per cent of those of each foreign-born race, except the South Italian, earn $7.50 or over per week. The Canadian other than French, is the only race showing as high as 50 per cent earning either $12.50 or over or $15 or over per week. This same race shows the largest proportion earning $17.50 or over, $20 or over, and $25 or over per week.

The following table shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of female employees who were 18 years of age or over and who were earning each specified amount weekly:

TABLE 134.-Per cent of female employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

*

[This table includes only races with 80 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Only 0.1 per cent of the 1,026 females included in the preceding table earn less than $2.50 per week; 96.6 per cent earn $5 or over; 22.2 per cent, $10 or over, and only 2.2 per cent earn as high as $15. The native whites born of native father show a larger proportion than either the native-born of foreign father or the foreign-born earning $5 or over, $10 or over, and $15 or over per week. In each instance the foreign-born show the smallest proportion. Of those earning $7.50 or over a slight variation is shown in that the nativeborn of foreign father show a proportion slightly in excess of the native whites born of native father.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age who were earning each specified amount each week.

TABLE 135.-Per cent of male employees 14 years and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more males reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

Of 156 male employees studied, all earn $2.50 or over a week, 89.7 per cent earn $5 or over, 28.2 per cent $7.50 or over, and 6.4 per cent $10 or over. The foreign-born show a larger proportion than the native-born of native father, who in turn show a larger proportion than the native-born of foreign father, earning each specified amount up to $10, while the native-born of native father show the largest and the foreign-born the smallest proportion earning $10 or over a week. The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race, the percentage of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age who were earning each specified amount weekly:

TABLE 136.-Per cent of female employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning each specified amount per week, by general nativity and race.*

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more females reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

This table shows wages or earnings for the period indicated, but no account is taken of voluntary lost time or lost time from shutdowns or other causes. In the various tables in this report showing annual earnings allowance is made for time lost during the year.

All of the 138 female employees studied earn $2.50 or over a week, 78.3 per cent earn $5 or over, 18.1 per cent earn $7.50 or over, and less than 1 per cent earn $10 or over. The native-born of foreign father show a larger proportion than the native-born of native father, who in turn show a larger proportion than the foreign-born, earning $5 or

over. For those earning $7.50 or over per week, the native-born of foreign father show the largest proportion, and the native-born of native father the smallest proportion. Less than 3 per cent of any nativity group earn $10 or over weekly.

RELATION BETWEEN PERIOD OF RESIDENCE AND EARNING ABILITY.

The progress of male employees of foreign birth in industrial efficiency or earning ability after designated periods of residence in the United States is next considered. The only race reporting over 200 is the South Italian, whose weekly earnings are shown in the following

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of individual, the number and percentage of husbands at work, together with their average annual earnings:

TABLE 137.-Husbands at work, by general nativity and race of individual.