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TABLE 77.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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Upon information secured from 3,628 persons in the preceding table, 34.7 per cent are under 16 years of age, while 57.1 per cent are 20 years of age or over, the remainder, or 8.2 per cent, being from 16 to 19 years of age. The group native-born of foreign father shows a higher proportion of young persons than either the native-born of native father or the foreign-born, the proportions who are under 20 years of age being 46.5 per cent, 29.7 per cent, and 43.9 per cent, respectively. Among the foreign-born races the Armenian, French Canadian, and South Italian show over 50 per cent of their number to be 20 years or over; over 50 per cent of the English and Irish are 30 years of age or over and over 50 per cent of the Greek, Lithuanian, Polish, and Syrian are 20 and under 45 years of age. The Hebrew is the only race showing as high as 50 per cent of their number under 20 years of age.

The table next presented shows by sex and general nativity and race the percentage of employees within each specified age group.

TABLE 78.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

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TABLE 78.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race-Continued.

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The preceding table compiled from data secured from 19,946 persons employed in this industry shows that 27.9 per cent are from 14 to 19, 23.9 per cent are from 20 to 24, 15.1 per cent are from 25 to 29, 10.6 per cent are from 30 to 34, 13.4 per cent are from 35 to 44, 6.4 per cent are from 45 to 54 and 2.7 per cent are 55 years of age or over. In the group of employees from 14 to 19 years of age those nativeborn of foreign father show the highest percentage, closely followed by the native whites born of native father, while the foreign-born show comparatively small proportions. Among the employees from 20 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 to 44 years of age, the foreign-born show the highest percentage followed by the native-born of foreign father and the native whites born of native father. Among the employees from 45 to 54 and 55 years of age or over the foreign-born continue to show the largest proportion followed by the native whites born of native father and the native-born of foreign father, in the order named. Among the employees who were native-born of foreign father, those whose fathers were born in Italy show the highest percentage who are from 14 to 19 years of age. The employees whose fathers were born in Canada show the highest percentage who were from 20 to 24 years of age and those whose fathers were born in Ireland the highest percentage from 25 to 29 years of age. The employees whose fathers were born in Scotland show the highest percentage who are from 30 to 34, from 35 to 44, and 55 years of age or over, and the employees whose fathers were born in England show the highest percentage who are from 45 to 54 years of age. Among the foreign-born, the Greek employees show the highest percentage from 14 to 19 years of age, the Russian Hebrew employees the highest percentage who were from 20 to 24, the Lithuanian employees the highest percentage from 25 to 29, the Swedish employees the highest percentage from 30 to 34 and also from 35 to 44 years of age, while the German employees show the highest percentage from 45 to 54 and 55 years of age or over. It is particularly noticeable that the older immigrant races show a much higher percentage of employees of an advanced age than the races from southern and eastern Europe. In comparing the males and the females in the preceding table it will be observed that a greater proportion of female employees than of the male employees are from 14 to 19 and from 20 to 24 years of age. The male employees show a greater proportion of persons who are from 25 to 55 years of age or over than the females.

CHAPTER VII.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Ownership of homes-Status of children in the households studied-CitizenshipAbility to speak English-[Text Tables 79 to 91 and General Tables 45 to 53].

OWNERSHIP OF HOMES.

Home ownership by families, the heads of which were of foreign birth, may be considered a strong indication of permanent settlement, and the facts in this connection relative to the families, the heads of which were employed in the shoe industry, are set forth in the following table according to general nativity and race of head of family:

TABLE 79.-Number and per cent of families owning home, by general nativity and race of head of family.

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Of the total number of families shown in the above table 14.3 per cent own homes. Families native-born of foreign father show the highest percentage owning homes, closely followed by those nativeborn of native father, while foreign-born report somewhat smaller proportions than native-born of native father. Of the foreign-born races the Irish show 53.7 per cent of their families owning homes, which is a proportion far higher than that of any of the other races given in the table. Syrians and English follow with 20 and 19.4 per cent, respectively, while South Italians, with 3.4 per cent of families owning homes, show the smallest proportion of the foreign-born races.

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