The maximum proportion who are married of the total number reporting are 30 to 44 years of age. The minimum proportion who are married, 58.7 per cent, are 20 to 29 years of age. The latter age group includes the largest proportion of single individuals. The 45 years of age or over group includes the maximum proportion of wiodowed. Of the total number of male individuals the maximum proportion who are married are 45 years or over; the minimum proportion, 20 to 29 years. Moreover, the greater part of the males in the 20 to 29 years of age are single. The maximum proportion of the females who are married are 30 to 44 years of age; the minimum proportion, 45 years of age or over; in every age group, however, the greater part of the females are married. The most notable difference in the conjugal condition of the sexes is the proportion who are widowed of those 45 years of age or over, only 8.3 per cent of the males being in that state and 31.5 per cent of the females.

The native-born of foreign father have a smaller proportion who are married in every age group than any other class. The foreignborn, on the contrary, have the largest proportion of married in every age group. The native-born of native father show a greater proportion of males who are married than of females in each age group, excepting 20 to 29 years of age. The native-born of foreign father show a greater proportion of males than of females married only in the 45 years of age or over group. Likewise the foreign-born show a greater proportion of males than of females only among those 45 years of age or over.

The following table shows the percentage of employees 20 years of age or over who are married, by sex, by general nativity and race, and by locality:

TABLE 72.-Per cent of employees 20 years of age or over who are married, by locality, by sex, and by general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting in each locality. The totals, however, are for all races.]

TABLE 72.-Per cent of employees 20 years of age or over who are married, by locality, by sex, and by general nativity and race-Continued.

Of the total number of persons 20 years of age or over employed in this industry, 50.9 per cent are married. As regards the two localities studied it is seen that the proportion who are married in the East is larger than the proportion in the Middle West; this is true of each nativity group-the one foreign-born race and each division of the native-born of foreign father. A comparison between the males and females in the different localities shows that a decidedly larger proportion of the men than of the women employees, in each, are married.

While a considerable proportion of the foreign-born male employees were married, it is significant, in connection with their conjugal condition, that a number of them, upon immigrating to this country, left their wives abroad. This fact is disclosed by the following table, which shows, by race of husband, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and the percentage who report wife abroad:

TABLE 73.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands ruporting.

Race of husband.

foreign-born.]

The total, however, is for all

Per cent reporting wife-

Number reporting complete data.

The wives of 83.1 per cent of the 2,213 husbands included in the preceding table are in the United States, leaving 16.9 per cent whose wives are abroad. The Irish is the only race which reports the entire number of wives in the United States, while the Greeks report the lowest proportion, or 34.4 per cent.

The table next presented shows the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by locality:

TABLE 74.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by locality and by race of husband.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 40 or more husbands reporting in each locality. The total. however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the total number of foreign-born husbands employed in the shoe manufacturing industry in the East, 17 per cent report wife abroad, as compared with 16.5 per cent of those in the Middle West. A difference of less than 1 per cent is shown between the two localities as regards the German, which is the only race reporting sufficient numbers for computation.

The tendency on the part of the husbands of foreign birth, who came to this country without their wives, to send for them after designated periods of residence may be seen from the table next presented. This table shows, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States, the percentage of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad.

TABLE 75.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more husbands reporting.]

The totals for all foreign-born husbands irrespective of length of residence in the United States show South Italian husbands having the highest percentage of wives who are abroad; Slovak and North Italian husbands follow in somewhat smaller proportions, each, however, showing over 20 per cent of husbands having wives abroad. Russian Hebrews show over 10 per cent and English, German, French Canadian, and Canadian other than French husbands, in the order named, show less than 5 per cent having wives abroad, while no Irish husbands report wives in Europe. In each specified period of residence the North Italian, South Italian, and Slovak husbands show the highest per cent having wives abroad, while the French Canadian husbands who have been in the United States under five years all report wives in this country. The French Canadian, Canadian other than French, and English husbands with a residence of from five to nine years report no wives abroad and all English, Russian Hebrew, and Irish husbands with a residence of ten years or over report wives in the United States.

VISITS ABROAD.

The extent to which employees of foreign birth return to their native country for long or short periods appears from the following table. This table shows, by sex, years in the United States, and race of individual, the visits abroad made by foreign-born employees.

TABLE 76.-Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years in the United States, and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes. only races with 200 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

TABLE 76.- Visits abroad made by foreign-born employees, by sex, years in the United States, and race-Continued.

Of a total of 4,115 foreign-born individuals in the shoe industry, 21.8 per cent have made one or more visits abroad; 7.1 per cent of those who have been in the United States under five years, 19.8 per cent from five to nine years, and 35.9 per cent of those who have been in the United States ten years or over have made one or more visits abroad. It is noted that a very high proportion of both the Canadian French and Canadian other than French have made visits abroad, which is doubtless due to the fact that they are so convenient to their native homes. Of the other races, the more recent races, with the exception of the Russian Hebrews, show higher proportions making one or more visits abroad in each period, generally speaking. Of 3,489 males 20.2 per cent have made one or more visits abroad. As was shown by the totals, the percentage of visits abroad increase in the longer periods of residence. The Russian Hebrews show the lowest proportion who have made visits. Among the other races, exclusive of the Canadian French and Canadian Other, the older immigrant races, or German and Irish, show considerably lower proportions in each period than do the more recent immigrants. Among 626 females a somewhat larger proportion, or 30.8 per cent, have made visits abroad than of the males. As in the case of the males, the Canadian races show very high proportions in every period as having made visits abroad, but of the other races the Germans alone show a percentage for those who have been here under five years as having made visits abroad. The Greeks, Russian Hebrews, and South Italians are the only races employed in which none of the females reporting have made one or more visits abroad.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND MEMBERS OF THEIR

HOUSEHOLDS.

The age characteristics of the persons in the households studied may be seen from the table next presented. This table shows, by sex and general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons in the households studied who are within each age group.