of both sexes. Of those with a residence of from ten to fourteen and from fifteen to nineteen years, the proportions vary only slightly from the figures shown in the total for both males and females. As compared with the races of recent immigration, the males of the older immigrant races show extremely small proportions with a residence of less than five years. Practically the same statement as regards those with a residence of less than five applies to those with a residence of from five to nine years. The Lithuanians alone show a proportion with a residence of from ten to fourteen years in excess of 10 per cent, while 0.7 per cent is shown by the Greeks, the Croatians reporting no males in this period of residence. Of those with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years, the Swedes, with 20.8 per cent, show a larger proportion than is shown by any other race. As compared with the Irish, Germans, and Swedes, the proportions of the more recent immigrants, with a residence of twenty years or over are very small.

All Croatian and Greek females have been in the United States under five years while, as with the males, the proportions of Irish and German females with this period of residence are very much below the proportions shown by the more recent immigrant races. On the other hand, of those with a residence of from five to nine and from ten to fourteen years, the Irish, with 28.6 per cent in each period, report the largest proportions. Both the South Italians and Poles show a smaller proportion than the Irish and the Germans, with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years. The proportion of Germans with a residence of twenty years or over in the United States largely exceeds that of the Irish. Compared with either the Germans or Irish, the proportion of Poles with this length of residence is very low. Among the females the Slovenians with 22.5 per cent show a larger proportion than do the Poles or Germans with a residence of less than one year. But the proportion of the Slovenians is much below that shown by the Croatians, Magyars, or Russians, the last named reporting 47.6 per cent. Of those with a residence of one year the Greeks, with 60 per cent, show the largest proportion, the figures of the other races being extremely low in comparison. The Slovenians show 47.5 per cent with a residence of two years in the United States, and are closely followed by the Croatians and North Italians, each with 40 per cent. The largest proportion of Lithuanian females, or 60 per cent, have been in the United States but three years. Most nearly approaching this large proportion, with this period of residence, come the South Italians, with 23.1 per cent, a proportion slightly in excess of that shown by the North Italians and considerably in excess of that shown by the Magyars, Russians, Croatians, Poles, or Slovenians. The proportions of Magyars, Russians, and Slovenians, with a residence of four years, are considerably smaller than the proportions of the other races. Of those with a residence of from fifteen to nineteen years, the North Italians, with 40.0 per cent, show a much larger proportion than do the Germans or Irish, and a very much larger proportion than do the Poles or South Italians. The proportions shown in the total remain practically the same as those of the males.

The final table presented in this connection shows, by race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons in the households studied, who had been in the United States each specified number of years.

TABLE 17.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each specified number of years, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. No deduction is made for time spent abroad. This table includes only races with 20 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of the 1,108 foreign-born persons for whom information was obtained in the household study, 56.8 per cent have been in the United States under five years and 74.8 per cent under ten years, while 12.2 per cent have been in the United States twenty years or over. None of the Germans, and only 14.3 per cent of the Irish, as compared with 96.8 per cent of the Turks, have been in the United States under five years. The Greeks report the next largest proportion, who have been in the United States less than five years, and they, in turn, are followed by the South Italians, Lithuanians, Poles, and Slovaks. As regards those who have been in the United States under ten years, both the Greeks and Turks report 100 per cent, while the smallest proportions with this period of residence are shown by the Germans and Irish. Of those who have been in the United States under twenty years, the Lithuanians, in addition to the Greeks and Turks, report 100 per cent, while the smallest proportion, or 30.2 per cent, is shown by the Germans.

RACIAL CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT THE PRESENT TIME.

The series of tabulations next presented exhibits the racial composition of the operating forces of the industry at the present time. In the table following the racial make-up of employees in the East for whom information was received is set forth.

TABLE 18.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race-East.

Of the 9,480 employees for whom information was secured, 63 per cent of the males and 38.1 per cent of the females are foreign-born, 14.9 per cent of the males and 31.8 per cent of the females are nativeborn of foreign father, 21.5 per cent of the males and 30.1 per cent of the females are native whites born of native father, and 6 per cent of the males and none of the females are native negroes born of native father. Male employees whose fathers were born in Germany and Ireland, and female employees whose fathers were born in Ireland, Germany, and Russia have the largest representation, in the order mentioned. The principal race groups of the foreign-born are, in the case of the males, the Poles, Slovaks, Germans, South Italians, North Italians, and Swedes, and in the case of the females the Poles, French Canadians, and Russians. It will be noted that the Poles, both males and females, have a much larger representation among the employees than have the persons of any other race.

The following table shows, by sex, the number and percentage of employees of each race for whom information was secured in the Middle West.

TABLE 19.-Employees for whom information was secured, by sex and general nativity and race-Middle West.