chain shoe stores declined about 8 percent during June and the month-end total was about 7 percent higher than a year earlier. Although sales this June were considerably less accelerated, the stock-sales ratio for the mon th was only moderately above that for June of last year.

Oil Burners

New orders for oil burners, less cancelations, received by 159 manufacturers during the first half of this year totaled 149,211, compared with orders for 90,945 burners received during the first six months of 1940 by 170 marufacturers, the Census Bureau reports.

New orders were received during June for 32,521 oil burners, compared with 36,194 in May. Unfilled orders at the end of June called for 22,448 burners.

Steel Boilers

Orders for 7,256 steel boilers were placed with manufacturers during the first half of this year, compared with orders for 3,872 during the corresponding six months of 1940, according to the Census Bureau.

The 7,256 boilers represent 13,708,931 square feet of boiler heating surface, compared with 5,558,760 square feet represented by the 3,872 boilers ordered during the first half of 1940.

New orders for marine boilers during the first six months of this year totaled 1,272, compared with 272 during the first six months of 1940, and 174 during the first six months of 1939.

America's Electric Power Region

Almost one-half of the prime mover equipment, and more than one-half of the installed electric motors in the manufacturing establishments of the United States, including the printing and publishing industries, are concentrated in 33 industrial areas of the courtry, according to preliminary figures compiled from the returns of the 1939 Census of Manufactures.

These 33 industrial areas accounted for 45.6 percent of the prime mover equipment of all manufacturing plants in 1939, as against

48.7 percent in 1929. The Chicago industrial area leads all other areas in power concentration with prime movers totaling 1,418,316 horsepower and installed electric motors driven by purchased energy rated at 1,763,629 horsepower.

Pittsburgh area with a prime mover irstallation of 1,377,627 horsepower and 1,354,356 horsepower in electric motors driven by purchased energy ranks second, followed by Detroit area with 989,381 horsepower of prime movers and electric motors driven by purchased energy totaling 1,598,299 horsepower.

New York City-Newark-Jersey City area with 718,258 horsepower of prime movers and 1,620,099 horsepower of electric motors driven by purchased energy: Philadelphia-Camden area with 520,472 horsepower of prime movers and electric motors driven by purchased energy rated 911,709 horsepower.

at

Youngstown area with 588,618 horsepower of prime movers installed and 604,803 horsepower in motors driven by purchased energy; and the Boston area with 408,468 horsepower of prime movers and 573,832 horsepower of electric motors driven by purchased energy.

Factories located in these industrial areas reported 45.7 percent of the total steam engine equipment in all manufacturing plants; 51.0 percent of the steam turbine installation; and 53.5 percent of the internal-combustion equipment other than Diesel engines.

On the other hand, only 22.8 percent of the Diesel engine rating was reported by these establishments and only 10.5 percent of the total hydroturbines and water wheel installations. Of the total prime mover equipment of all types, 9.9 percent was reported as ordinarily idle.

These manufacturing establishments in concentrated industrial areas reported 45.2 percent of the electric generating equipment to be found in the factories of the country, 10.0 percent of such generators being recorded as ordinarily idle. These plants generated 40.6 percent of the electric energy produced by such private plarts throughout the country.

Of 45,040,074,557 kilowatt-hours of electric energy purchased by the manufacturing plants of the country during 1939, the factories in these 33 industrial areas purchased 20,703,344,530 kilowatt-hours, or 46.0 percent of the total.

The School of Business of Indiana University presented a course entitled "Problems of Business and Industrial Mobilization" during the academic year 1940–41. On the basis of various lectures presented to.the studerts who participated in this work, the School published a symposium entitled "Economic Problems of National Defense" with articles by members of the faculty of the School of Business and the Department of Economics.

Because of the general interest in this work the School of Business will require all Junior and Senior students to take this course during the academic year 1941-42. Those mobilization problems which have increased in complexity during the period our defense program has been in operation will be emphasized.

Copies of the symposium, "Economic Problems of National Defense", may be secured at $1 per copy. Detailed outlines of the course entitled "Problems of Business and Industrial Mobilization" may be had free of charge. Orders and inquiries should be addressed to Prof. Arthur M. Weimer, Dean, School of Busiress, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.

Program of Lectures

The program of lectures for the course has been as follows: Introduction; The economic bases of national defense; The nature of modern warfare: Concept of total war, Problems raised in shifting from peacetime to wartime economy.

Organization for defense and warfare: Organization in Germany, British and Pre-war French organization.

Mobilization planning in the United States: World War I planning, Peacetime planning, Planning for national defense (today), Planning tomorrow.

Instruments of planning control: Priorities, Procurement, Rationing, Price controls.

Economic problems in special fields of activity: The consumer, Distribution, Transportion, The labor market, Personnel problems, Foreign trade, Agriculture, Raw materials, Production, Real estate, Insurance, Federal fiscal policy. The banks, Monetary policies and organization, Social changes brought by war, Modern warfare and propaganda.

Post emergency problems: The outlook for capitalism, Economic problems of demobilization, The bases of a permanent peace.

A Symposium Published

The symposium which was published as a result of various lectures presented in connection with this course includes articles by the following members of the faculty:

Arthur M. Weimer, Dear of the School of Busiress and Professor of Real Estate; George A. Steiner, Assistant Professor of Finance; Albert Haring, Professor of Marketing; Melvin L. Anshen, Associate Professor of Marketing; George W. Starr, Professor of Business Research and Director of the Bureau of Business Research; John F. Mee, Assistant Professor of Management and Placement Manager; Samuel E. Braden, Instructor in Economics; J. Edward Hedges, Assistant Professor of Insurance; Nathan L. Silverstein, Associate Professor of Finance; William C. Cleveland, Assistant Professor of Economics.

The publication was edited by Dr. George A. Steiner, who states in his preface: "The authors hope that the study will lead to further discussion both as to the effectiveness of existing governmental defense and policies designed to speed the defense program, and as to the type of governmental policies which will best fit the requirements of a program of great national defense."

In the foreword to the volume, Herman B. Wells, President of Indiana University, says: "The fighting forces of a nation are the

cutting edge of the industrial machine. Steady, continued and efficient operation of the industrial machine rests upon the proper solution of a number of complex economic problems. The American people if given the facts may be depended upon to endorse the steps economically necessary for the nation to achieve that state of preparedness considered essential for its safety."

Excerpts From the Book

A few of the salient remarks which appear in the articles follow:

Professor Haring: "The simplicity of the price-ceiling idea disappears just as soon as the question of justifiable price increases arises."

Professor Anshen: "Either, with a scarcity of consumer goods, the price system in distribution will operate to reserve merchandise for the upper income classes, or the price system must be set aside, temporarily, and a schedule of rationing substituted. Here is the range of short- and long-run possibilities.

Professor Starr: "Whatever may be the advantages of competition in transportation under peacetime conditions, in time of war or national defense preparation, they may have to give way to some other type of operation. In the months ahead it may be advantageous to use some carriers largely for the transportation of empty cars, others principally for the onedirectional movement of loaded traffic, and still others for troop and civilian passenger movement."

man and group leaders is well recognized by management in regard to meeting delivery dates and securing desired production results."

Professor Braden: "Much of the amelioration of our trade problems during and after the war cannot be accomplished by private business alone, but necessitates the cooperation of business and government."

"Space Must Be Rationed"

Professor Hedges: "...economic mobilization itself affects most directly those branches of insurance which protect property used directly in carrying on production for defense... If an army is sent abroad, the mortality experience of the companies will suffer unless immediate precautionary measures are taken. In the event of military attack it may well be that protection of both persons and property will require a system of compensation departing in some particulars from the principles on which insurance is based. Only in this latter case does it seem likely that insurance, as now constituted, will be unable to meet the challenge of the times."

Dean Weimer: "... rents perform the function of rationing space just as price rations everything in every market... Thus, higher rents bring about a more intensive use of the available facilities... However, if rent control laws are established, none of these adjustments are made automatically. They must then be made by direct regulation. Space must be rationed, that is, the available housing resources conscripted and reassigned to the people demanding housing on some predetermined basis--such as one person or two persons per room or on some other basis."

Professor Steiner: "Because of the powerful yet latent inflationary forces now existing, the nation cannot afford a relatively pleasant financing policy nor can it long delay the day of tax increases without serious consequences... The significance of the existence of a carefully designed plan for mobilizing industry for war procurement can be appreciated only when we recall the perilous industrial disorder occasioned by the absence of adequate plans during World War I."

of funds, if used at spending rates comparable to those prevailing during the 1920's, is more than sufficient to finance any prospective expansion of production in connection with the defense effort or a normal expansion of business activity to full employment levels. Second, the present and prospective volumes of excess reserves held by the commercial banks are more than sufficient to serve as the basis for the creation of an additional volume of funds which would more than double the present volume. Scarcity of funds will not prove a hindrance to the defense effort; on the contrary, fund excesses which facilitate price level inflation may prove to be the major obstacle to the execution of the program."

The Census Bureau issued the following releases on the Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940, copies of which may be obtained from the Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. Population: Preliminary Population Estimates for Continental United States by Months, May 1, 1940 to January 1, 1941. Population: Preliminary Figures on Employment Status of Persons 14 Years old and over in cities of 1,000,000 or more Inhabitants: March 24-30, 1940.

Housing: Characteristics of Housing: 1940. (List upon request.)

Construction: 1939. (List upon request.) Agriculture: Farm Finances and Facilities; Fruits and Vegetables. (List upon request.) Distribution of Manufacturers' Sales: 1939. (List upon request.)

Mineral Industries: 1939 Gypsum, Rock Salt.

tion Costs, with Statistics for Counties and Drainage Basins. 10 cents.

Census of Business: 1939 Retail Trade
Commodity Sales, Drug Stores. 15 cents.
Agriculture Nevada Second Series. Farm
Mortgages, Taxes, Labor, Facilities, Expend-
itures, and Miscellaneous Farm Information;
Fruits, Vegetables and Minor Crops
Crops with

Statistics for Counties. 10 cents.
Manufactures: 1939

Construction, Mining,

and Related Machinery. 5 cents. Manufactures: 1939 Industries

Industries

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Baskets

for Fruits and Vegetables;Rattan and Willowware (except furniture) and Baskets other than Vegetable and Fruit Baskets; Cigar Boxes: Wooden, Part Wooden; Wooden Boxes Except Cigar Boses; Cooperage; Window and Door Screens and Weather Strip; Window Shades; Venetian Blinds. 10 cents. Manufactures: 1939 Clocks, Watches, and Materials and Parts (except watchcases); Watchcases; Jewelry (precious metals); Jewelers' Findings and Materials; Lapidary Work; Silverware and Plated Ware; Engraving on Metal (except for printing purposes); Electroplating, Plating, and Polishing. 10 cents, Manufactures: 1939 Professional and Scientific Instruments, Photographic Apparatus, and Optical Goods; Surgical, Medical, and Dental Instruments, Equipment and Supplies. 10 cents.

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Plight of the Trombones

The problem of priorities has become the major "headache" of many manufacturers and trade association executives. Many materials used in consumer goods are hard to get. Most national associations of manufacturers have prepared, or are preparing, factual reports for the Office of Production Management to indicate the problem.

At a late July special convention of the National Association of Band Instrument Manufacturers, one manufacturer testified that a $40,000 order was completed except for one small aluminum part, and that he had been unable as yet to get the needed priority rating from the Federal Government. The Meeting issued a report for the OPM on the importance of the musical instrument industry to national morale.

This association was formed in 1933, and is one of several occupying joint headquarters offices, including the National Piano Manufacturers Association and the National Association of Musical Merchandise Wholesalers. It is claimed that the members of the NABIM produce about 90 percent of the national output of band instruments, many of which are composed almost entirely of metals. Among the factual reports issued is a monthly one on shipments covering bugles, cornets, trombones, saxophones, piccolos, flutes, etc. (45 W. 45th St., New York, N. Y.; William A. Mennie, Secretary.)

For Budding Stephen Fosters (?)

According to its statement, the American Composers, Entertainers, and Song Writers, Inc., was formed on July 27 to fill the need of a professional association for composers and entertainers who have not as yet won national recognition.

There are two other organizations in this field, each with large financial resources and staffs of over 100 persons: the

American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, formed in 1914; and Broadcast Music, Inc., formed in 1939.

The new organization will sponsor the composition and publishing of songs of the folksong type, and it is announced that a new industry should be the result: "We will take into ACAS the real Americana such as the authors in small towns throughout the country of folk songs, and the hill-billy musicians, and we will see to it that their songs are published and receive full publicity through all entertainment channels." (Frankton, Ind.; Len Trissell, Secretary.)

A Bid for Priority

One of the first reports by a trade association endeavoring to secure "priority" recognition from the OPM (and the War and Navy Departments) was that of the American Paper and Pulp Association. Formed in 1878 it has a staff of over 20 persons. Starting last fall, a series of documents have been prepared for distribution to government officials and research agencies, one of the first of which was a 60-page booklet in December 1940 entitled "The Background and Present Status of the United States Paper Industry."

Some of the passages follow:

"Although the paper and pulp industry is only in a minor way connected with the direct production of materials for war, it is nevertheless of critical importance in the National Defense Program... Paper and paperboard have become generally used, in lieu of vitally needed metal, for container purposes.

"Products of the industry have an essential place in many vital manufacturing processes such as sheet steel, automobiles and munitions. Writing and printing papers furnish the best means of elevating the educational standards of the nation. Even in times of national emergency this program cannot be sacrificed.