value is over fifty dollars, they may proceed to sell the property at auction, after giving two weeks' notice. See Laws of 1903, Chapter 478.

NORTH DAKOTA.-Every person performing labor or furnishing materials, machinery, or fixtures for any building, erection, or other improvement upon land, by virtue of any contract with the owner, his agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, may have a lien on such building, erection, or improvement, and the land on which it is situated. When materials, etc., are furnished to contractor or sub-contractor notice must be given to owner of land. Notice of lien must be filed with clerk of district court of the county within ninety days after labor is performed or materials furnished. If the owner so demands, suit to enforce lien must be brought within thirty days after such demand.

OHIO.- Any person performing labor or furnishing machinery or material for constructing or repairing any vessel, or any building, bridge, or other structure, or digging or drilling any gas, oil or other well, or mining coal, by virtue of contract with the owner or agent, may have a lien on structure and interest of owner in land. He must file an itemized and sworn account of amount and value of work or materials, with credits if any, copy of contract if in writing, and description of land, in recorder's office of the county within four months after doing the work, etc., and within thirty days thereafter notify the owner of his claim, failure to do which is fatal.

Action to enforce lien must be brought within six years.

Persons performing common or mechanical labor, or furnishing supplies to any railroad, turnpike, canal, or public structure, have a first lien thereon. A sworn statement must be filed within thirty days with the recorder of counties where work was done or materials furnished.

Claims for manual labor have prior lien on real property of employer as against attachment, mortgages, and assignments in certain cases, provided an itemized statement of claim is filed with the recorder.

OKLAHOMA.- Any person performing labor or furnishing material in building, altering, or repairing building or structure may have a lien on structure and land. If the work be done or material furnished under contract with the owner of the land, or trustee, agent, husband, or wife of owner, statement under oath must be filed with clerk of district court within four months, setting forth amount claimed, the items, names of owner, contractor, and claimant, and description of property. If work be done or materials furnished under sub-contract, statement must be filed within sixty days and notice served on owner. Suit must be brought within one year after filing lien.

OREGON.- Any person who, by virtue of a contract with the owner or his agent, performs any labor, or furnishes any materials, engines, or machinery for the construction or repair of any building or structure, has a lien on the building and lot on which it stands for his pay. An original contractor must file in the office of the county clerk, within sixty days after the completion of the building or repairs, a notice of his intention to claim a lien, specifying the amount due and the property. A laborer or sub-con

tractor must file notice within thirty days. The lien will not be binding for more than six months after such filing, unless suit is brought. All persons furnishing fuel or materials to a contractor with a railroad corporation may secure a lien on the property of the latter but not to an amount exceeding that due by the corporation to the contractor. Mechanics and artisans have a lien on personal property made or repaired by them, and if their charges are not paid in three months, they may sell the property.

PENNSYLVANIA.- Under Act of 1901 buildings and land are subject to liens for labor and materials, exceptions, however, existing in certain cases, i. e., where furnished for public purposes, or where the land is held by trustee of lunatic or minor children, etc. Where tenancies or leasehold estates are involved, or where it is a case of alterations or repairs, the claim must be filed in the court of common pleas within three months of completion; in other cases within six months. Where a sub-contractor has three months within which to file his claim he must give the owner written notice and a sworn statement of the claim at least thirty days before such claim is filed, and where he has six months, the notice and statement must precede the filing of the claim at least forty-five days. Scire facias must be issued within two years, and verdict rendered thereon within five years.

RHODE ISLAND. - Every building or other improvement erected or repaired, by contract with or consent of the owner, is subject to a lien for all work done or materials furnished in the construction or repair of the same. By Act of 1906, contractors or sub-contractors shall have lien for work on labor furnished within forty days next preceding time of notice and within ten days after giving such notice shall record copy with town clerk or recorder of deeds; this act repeals only acts inconsistent herewith. Persons furnishing materials must give notice to owner, and record same in town clerk's office within sixty days after materials are placed on land.

To enforce lien, the claim, including an account and description of property, must be filed in the office of the town clerk of town where land is situated within four months after default in any payment if work is done by written contract, or within six months after commencement of work under verbal contract. A petition in equity must be filed in the clerk's office of the supreme court within twenty days after the filing of the claim.

SOUTH CAROLINA.-Any person to whom a debt is due for labor performed or materials furnished and actually used in the erection, alteration, or repair of any building or structure on real estate, by virtue of a contract with or consent of the owner or his agent, has a lien on the buildings and land for his pay. A sub-contractor may also have such lien by notifying the owner and the original contractor before furnishing labor or materials of his intention to claim lien, but the whole amount of such liens must not exceed amount of lien of original contractor. If the owner is not the contracting party, he may prevent any lien from attaching by giving written notice that he will not be responsible for the debts of the contractor.

The claimant, within ninety days after ceasing to labor or furnish materials, must file in the office of the register of mesne conveyances of the county a statement of his account, with a description of the property and the owner's Suit must be begun within six months after ceasing to labor.

name.

SOUTH DAKOTA.-Every person doing labor upon, or furnishing materials, machinery, or fixtures for, any building or other improvement on land, by virtue of any contract with the owner, or his agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, unless otherwise secured, may have a lien on the land and the buildings, etc. Notice of lien must be filed within four months after performing labor or furnishing materials, and suit must be commenced within six years, or within thirty days after demand by owner.

TENNESSEE.-There is a lien on any lot of land upon which a house has been built or repaired, or fixtures or machinery furnished or erected, or improvement made by special contract with the owner or his agent in favor of all persons doing any work or furnishing any materials on or about the same. If a mortgagee has written notice of a contract to furnish such labor and materials before the work is begun and fails to object within ten days, the lien will take precedence over the mortgage. The lien includes the buildings on the land, and continues for one year after completion of the work. Sub-contractors and workmen must, at the time of beginning to work, give notice to the owner of their intention to claim a lien, or they may, within thirty days after building is completed, or their contracts expire, notify in writing the owner that lien is claimed, and such lien shall thereupon have precedence over all other liens for ninety days, providing statement be filed with county registrar.

TEXAS.-Master-builders, and mechanics of all kinds, contracting to erect buildings of any description, have a lien in the nature of a mortgage on the buildings and land, provided the contract is in writing, or, if verbal, stated on oath and copy rendered to debtor, and recorded in the office of the clerk of the county where the building is, within four months after debt has accrued. All persons doing any work or furnishing any materials on any such building may, within thirty days after indebtedness accrues, if their work or materials are not paid for, deliver to the owner a copy of their account, and he is then authorized to retain enough to pay them out of the amount due the contractor. Mechanics have a lien on articles repaired. Liens are barred only as a part of the debt which they secure.

UTAH.- Any person who furnishes labor or materials in the construction or repair of any building, structure, or improvement on land, or in working a mine, has a lien thereon, provided he files with the county recorder within sixty days after the completion of his contract, if an original contractor, or forty days after ceasing to labor or furnish materials, etc., if a

sub-contractor, a claim, under oath, containing a statement of his demand after deducting all credits, name of owner if known, and employer, the terms of the contract, and description of property. Suit for foreclosure must be commenced within one year after completion of contract, or suspension of the work for thirty days.

VERMONT.-When any contract is made, in writing or otherwise, for the erection, repair, or alteration of any building, or for furnishing any materials about the same, the person proceeding under the contract has a lien on the house and land, which continues for three months after payment of the claim is due, provided the claimant file in the clerk's office of the town where the building is, a memorandum signed by him showing his claim, and commences an action to enforce the same within said three months. The property on which lien is claimed is to be attached within five months after judgment, and copy of record filed in town clerk's office, whereupon lien becomes one in nature of mortgage, and is foreclosed as such. Sub-contractor may have similar lien not exceeding amount due original contractor by filing lien and giving notice to owner. Mechanics have a lien on articles repaired.

VIRGINIA. All persons performing labor or furnishing materials for the construction or improvement of buildings or other structures, or repair thereon if ordered by owner or his agent, have a lien thereon, and on so much land as is necessary to the convenient use thereof. A general or a subcontractor or material man must, within thirty days after completion of building or furnishing materials, file in the county clerk's office (or, if the property be in the city of Richmond, in the clerk's office of the chancery court), a sworn statement of account, with a description of the property, and claim a lien thereon. Sub-contractors or material men must, also, within thirty days, notify in writing the owner of the property or his agent, and the owner will be liable to the sub-contractor or material man for so much of his claim as does not exceed the amount due by the owner to the general contractor at the time notice is given. Sub-contractor may, before performing labor or furnishing materials to general contractor, give owner written notice of intention to claim lien, stating probable amount, and within thirty days after structure is completed give to owner and contractor a verified statement of account, and owner shall thereupon be personally liable to extent of amount then due contractor. Suit to enforce lien must be brought within six months.

WASHINGTON.-Mechanics and material men may have liens on buildings and lands on which they stand, by filing notice thereof, within ninety days of the completion of the work of furnishing materials, with the county auditor, stating amount due above all set-offs. Suit must be brought within eight months after such filing.

Lumbermen may have a similar lien on logs and timber by filing notice of lien in county auditor's office within thirty days after debt accrued, and

bringing suit thereon within eight months thereafter. Farm laborers have lien on crops if filed within forty days. Blacksmiths, machinists, wagon makers, boiler makers, etc., have a lien on articles upon which they have worked for a period of one year. Persons performing labor for any person or corporation, in the operation of any railway, canal, or transportation company, or any water, mining, or manufacturing company, saw mill, etc., shall have a lien upon the franchise, earnings, and property of such person or corporation for labor performed during the six months preceding the filing of his claim with the county auditor, which must be done within ninety days after completion of such labor.

WEST VIRGINIA.- Every person who shall perform any work or labor, or furnish any materials in the construction, alteration, or repair of any house, mill, or other building, or appurtenance, bridge, or other structure, by virtue of a contract with the owner or his agent, or with a principal contractor, has a lien on the buildings and land for his pay. He must, within sixty days after ceasing to labor or furnish materials, file with the clerk of the court for the county where the property is a true account under oath of the amount due, a description of the property, and the owner's name. Subcontractors and workmen must, within thirty-five days after their employment expired, or materials were furnished, or within ten days after being notified by the owner so to do, give to the owner an itemized account of the amount due them, and notice that a lien is claimed therefor. Such account need not be filed unless demanded, if sub-contractor, etc., before commencing work notify owner that a lien will be claimed. The aggregate of such liens shall not exceed the amount due to the original contractor at the time such notice is given, provided contract is recorded in county clerk's office. Suit to enforce the lien must be begun within six months.

WISCONSIN.-Every person furnishing labor, materials, or machinery, in the erection, construction, repair, protection, or removal of any building, bridge, water lot, wharf, well, or fountain, fence, sidewalk, etc., may have a lien thereon to the extent of forty acres, or, within the limits of an incorporated city or village, one acre. A claim for lien must be filed with the clerk of the circuit court within six months from the date of the last charge, and action brought within one year from such date, unless, within thirty days before the expiration of the year, the time is extended for another year, by annexing to the claim on file an affidavit showing the interest of the claimant in the property by virtue of such lien.

Sub-contractors and employers have a similar lien to the extent of amount due from owner to contractor, if notice is given to owner within sixty days after the last charge, and claim of lien filed within six months.

WYOMING.-Any person performing labor or furnishing materials, fixtures, or machinery for any building, erection, or improvement on land or for repairing the same, may have a lien on the land to the extent of one acre, or, if in a city, town, or village, on the lot on which the building is situated. Every original contractor within four months, and every subcontractor, journeyman, or laborer within ninety days, after indebtedness accrues, must file with the register of deeds of the county an account, under oath, of the amount due after allowing for credits, a description of the