CHAPTER IV.-Working conditions-Continued.

Table 198.-Affiliation with trade unions of males 21 years of age or over who
are working for wages, by general nativity and race of individual.
(Study of households)..

Page.

330

Table 199.-Affiliation with trade unions of foreign-born males 21 years of
age or over who are working for wages, by years in the United States and
race of individual. (Study of households).

331

Table 200.-Active and idle ovens in Connellsville coke district, May 1 to
September 1, 1894.......

333

CHAPTER V.-Housing and living conditions:

Table 201.-Average rent per month, by general nativity and race of head
of household. (Study of households)..

341

Table 202.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month
per apartment, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study
of households).

Table 203.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month
per room, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of
households).

Table 204.-Per cent of households paying each specified rent per month per
person, by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of
households)

Table 205.-Number and per cent of households keeping boarders or lodgers,
by general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of house-
holds).

Table 206.-Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by
general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).
Table 207.-Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified
number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.
(Study of households).

Table 208.-Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by
general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).
Table 209.-Average number of persons in apartments of each specified
number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.
(Study of households)..

342

343

343

344

345

346

347

347

Table 210.-Average number of persons per apartment, per room and per
sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.
(Study of households)..

348

Table 211.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of
household. (Study of households)..

349

Table 212.-Persons per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of
head of household. (Study of households)

350

Table 213.-Number and per cent of households regularly sleeping in all
except each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race
of head of household. (Study of households)

351

CHAPTER VI.-General cost and standard of living:

Table 214. Summary statement of families whose budgets were studied,
by race of head of family, April 1 to June 30, 1909 .

Table 215.-Expenditures for food and general living in selected families,
by race of head of family, April 1 to June 30, 1909

354

355, 356

Table 216.-Expenditures in typical families, by race of head of family,
April 1 to June 30, 1909..

CHAPTER VII.-Industrial progress and efficiency:

357-413

Table 217.-Quantity of beer and whisky ordered in three Pennsylvania
coal and coke towns during one week

419

Table 218.-Quantity of beer and whisky ordered in one Pennsylvania
mining town during a period of ten weeks, by race of consumer
Table 219.-Quantity of beer and whisky per man ordered in one Penn-
sylvania mining town, by race

420

420

CHAPTER VIII.-Industrial effects of immigration:

Table 220.-Bituminous coal mined by machines in Pennsylvania, 1904 to
1908

424

Table 221.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over engaged in bituminous
coal mining, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of
households)

425

CHAPTER IX.-Salient characteristics:

Table 222.-Per cent of male employees who read and per cent who read
and write, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)...... 429, 430

CHAPTER IX.-Salient characteristics-Continued.

Table 223.-Per cent of persons 10 years of age or over who read and per cent who read and write, by sex and general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households).

Table 224.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who
read and per cent who read and write, by years in the United States and
race of individual. (Study of households).

Table 225.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 10 years of age or over who
read and per cent who read and write, by age at time of coming to the
United States and race of individual. ́ (Študy of households)..
Table 226.-Per cent of male employees 20 years of age or over in each
conjugal condition, by general nativity and race. (Study of employ-
ees).

Table 227.-Per cent of male employees in each conjugal condition, by
age groups and general nativity and race. (Study of employees).......
Table 228.-Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex and
age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of
households)..

Table 229.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife in the United States and per cent who report wife abroad, by race of husband. (Study of employees)..

Table 230.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad,
by race of husband and by years husband has been in the United States.
(Study of employees)

Table 231.-Visits abroad made by foreign-born male employees, by years
in the United States and race. (Study of employees)..
Table 232.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by
general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households).
Table 233.-Per cent of male employees within each age group, by general
nativity and race. (Study of employees).

CHAPTER X.-General progress and assimilation:

447, 448

Table 234.-Number and per cent of families owning home, by general
nativity and race of head of family. (Study of households).
Table 235.-Number of pupils in selected public schools, by sex and age
and by general nativity and race of father of pupil.
Table 236.-Per cent distribution of children in the parochial schools by

452

453-455

race.

456

Table 237.-Number of pupils of each sex in the parochial schools, by general nativity and race of father of pupil.

457

Table 238.-Number and per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age
at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of father
and by birthplace of child. (Study of households)...
Table 239.-Per cent of males 16 years of age or over at school, at home,
and in other occupations, by general nativity and race of individual.
(Study of households)....

458

Table 240.-Per cent of females 16 years of age or over at school, at home, and in other occupations, by general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..

Table 241.-Number of persons naturalized in Westmoreland County, Pa., by country of birth, 1802 to 1908..

458

459

460, 461

Table 242.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees
who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21
years of age or over at time of coming, by race. (Study of employees)..
Table 243.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees
who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States,
by years in the United States and race. (Study of employees)...............
Table 244.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have
been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of
age or over at time of coming, by race of individual. (Study of house-
holds)
Table 245.-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English,
by sex and general nativity and race of individual. (Study of house-
holds)..

462

463

464

465

Table 246.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by race. (Study of employees)..

466

Table 247.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual. (Study of households)

467

CHAPTER X.-General progress and assimilation-Continued.

Table 248.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who
speak English, by years in the United States and race of individual.
(Study of households).

Table 249.--Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English,
by age at time of coming to the United States and race. (Study of
employees).

Table 250.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English,
by years in the United States and race. (Study of employees)...

REPRESENTATIVE COMMUNITY A.

CHAPTER XII.-History of immigration:

Page.

468

469

470

Table 251.-Distribution of races in the urban center, by sections..
Table 252.-Races found in each subcommunity.

479

480

Table 253.-Races found in each mine location...

481

Table 254.-Number of foreign-born male employees in the United States
each specified number of years, by race. (Study of employees)........

482

486

CHAPTER XIII.-Economic status:

Table 255.-Occupation of coal-mining employees, by race

Table 256.-Number of male employees 18 years of age or over earning
each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race. (Study
of employees)...

Table 257.---Number of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earning
each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race. (Study
of employees)..

Table 258.-Per cent of male employees earning each specified amount per day, by years in the United States and race. (Study of employees).... CHAPTER XIV-Working conditions:

Table 259.--Number of fatal accidents in the coal mines in Community A,
by race, 1900 to 1907..

487

488

489

491

Table 260.-Number of nonfatal accidents in the coal mines in Community
A, by race, 1900 to 1907...

492

Table 261.-Deductions from earnings of employees of the mining company
in Community A, August, 1908.

496

Table 262.--Earnings and deductions from earnings of families representa-
tive of races employed.....

497, 498

CHAPTER XVI.-Salient characteristics:

Table 263.-Conjugal condition of male employees, by age groups and gen-
eral nativity and race. (Study of employees)..

504

Table 265.-Location of wives of foreign-born employees, by race of hus-
band. (Study of employees)

Table 264.-Per cent of male employees 16 years of age or over in each con-
jugal condition, by general nativity.

505

506

Table 266.-Number of male employees of each age or within each age
group, by general nativity and race

507

CHAPTER XVII.—Industrial and other effects of immigration:

Table 267.-Hospital record in the urban center of Community A, by race
of patient.....

512

Table 268.-Number of arrests of foreign-born persons in the urban center of Community A during a period of two months in the year 1908....... CHAPTER XVIII.-General progress of immigrants in the community: Table 269.-Immigrant property holdings in the urban center of Community A, by race

513

515

Table 270.-Average monthly deposits of immigrants on open accounts in
the banks of the urban center of Community A, by race.

516

Table 271.-Postal money orders issued during a period of two years in the
urban center of Community A......

516

Table 272.-Express money orders issued per week by the Slovak bank in
the urban center of Community A

517

Table 273.-Immigrants in business in Community A, by race and class of
business

517

Table 274.-Ability to speak English of foreign-born male employees, by
age at time of coming to the United States and race. (Study of em-
ployees)..

518

519

CHAPTER XVIII.--General progress of immigrants in the community-Cont'd. Page
Table 275.-Ability to speak English of foreign-born male employees, by
years in the United States and race. (Study of employees).
Table 276.-School attendance in public, parochial, and night schools in
Community A, by race

Table 277.-Number of pupils in each grade of the public schools of the
urban center of Community A, by sex and by general nativity and race
of father of pupil....

521

521, 522

Table 278.-Sex of teachers in the public schools of Community A, by general nativity and race.

Table 279.-Literacy of male employees, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)...

523

523,524 525

Table 280.-Illiteracy among representative foreign races.
Table 281.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees
who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21
years of age or over at time of coming, by race and length of residence.
(Study of employees).
Table 282.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees
who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21
years of age or over at time of coming, by race. (Study of employees).
Table 283.-Vote at a recent election in Community A, by race.
Table 284.-Vote in the urban center in Community A at a recent elec-
tion, by race

525

526

527

527

Table 285.-Immigrant churches in the urban center of Community A...

527

REPRESENTATIVE COMMUNITY B.

CHAPTER XIX.-Introduction:

Table 286.-Growth of coal industry in Community B.

532

CHAPTER XX.-Population and racial displacements:
Table 287.-Foreign population of Community B, by race, 1908.....
Table 288.-Number of male employees for whom information was secured,
by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)....

533

535

Table 289.-Number of foreign-born male employees in the United States each specified number of years, by race. (Study of employees)............. CHAPTER XXI.-Economic status:

Table 290.-Occupation, by race, in representative mines in Community B.

536

538,539

Table 291.-Number of male employees 18 years of age or over earning each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)..

Table 292.-Number of male employees 14 and under 18 years of age earn-
ing each specified amount per day, by general nativity and race.
(Study of employees). .

Table 293.-International post-office money orders issued at Community
B, from August 20, 1907, to August 19, 1908..

CHAPTER XXIII.-Industrial progress and efficiency:

540

541

542

Table 294.-Races preferred by mining operators for specified occupations. CHAPTER XXVI.-Salient characteristics:

550

Table 295.-Conjugal condition of male employees, by age groups and general nativity and race. (Study of employees).

558

Table 296.-Per cent of male employees 16 years of age or over in each conjugal condition, by general nativity. (Study of employees)..

559

Table 297.-Location of wives of foreign-born employees, by race of husband. (Study of employees)..

560

Table 298.-Per cent of foreign-born husbands who report wife abroad, by race of husband. (Study of employees)

560

Table 299.-Literacy of male employees, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees)...

561

Table 300.-Illiteracy among representative foreign races.

561

Table 301.-Number of male employees of each age or within each age group, by general nativity and race. (Study of employees).................

562

CHAPTER XXVII.-Effects of immigration:

Table 302.-Accidents in selected mines in Community B, 1900 to 1907.

564

CHAPTER XXVIII.-General progress of immigrants in the community:
Table 303.-Ability to speak English of foreign-born male employees, by
age at time of coming to the United States and race. (Study of em-
ployees)

Table 304.-Ability to speak English of foreign-born male employees, by
years in the United States and race. (Study of employees).
Table 305.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who
have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21
years of age or over at time of coming, by race and length of residence.
(Study of employees)....

Page.

567

568

570

PART III.-THE BITUMINOUS COAL MINING INDUSTRY IN THE MIDDLE

WEST.

CHAPTER I.-Introduction:

Page.

Table 306.-Households studied, by general nativity and race of head of
household. (Study of households).

575

Table 307.-Persons in households studied and persons for whom detailed
information was secured, by general nativity and race of head of house-
hold. (Study of households)...

576

Table 308.--Sex of persons for whom detailed information was secured, by
general nativity and race of head of household. (Study of households)..
Table 309.-Persons for whom detailed information was secured, by sex and
general nativity and race of individual. (Study of households)..
Table 310.-Male employees for whom information was secured, by general
nativity and race. (Study of employees). . . . . . .

CHAPTER II.-Racial displacements:

Table 311.-Number of miners 10 years of age or over in Illinois, Indiana,
and Ohio, by country of birth, 1890..

Table 312.-Coal-mine employees in Illinois, by nationality, 1899.
Table 313.-Nationality of coal-mine employees in Illinois, by district and
county, 1899 ...

576

577

578

582

583

583, 584

Table 314.-Number of miners and quarrymen 10 years of age or over in
Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, by nativity, 1900..

585

Table 315.-Number of coal-mine employees in Ohio, by county, 1899 and

1907

586

Table 316.-Number of coal-mine employees in Indiana, by county, 1899
and 1907

586

Table 317.-Number of coal-mine employees in Illinois, by district and
county, 1899 and 1907...

586, 587

Table 318.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in the United States
each specified number of years, by race. (Study of employees).
Table 319.-Per cent of foreign-born persons in the United States each
specified number of years, by race of individual. (Study of households).
Table 320.-Male employees for whom information was secured, by general
nativity and race. (Study of employees)...

Table 321.-Number of coal-mine employees in Ohio, by county, 1908..........
CHAPTER III.-Economic status:

587

589

590

615

Table 322.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of
foreign-born females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming,
by race of individual. (Study of households)..

619

Table 323.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born
females who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of
individual. (Study of households)...

Table 324.-Industrial condition before coming to the United States of
foreign-born males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by
race of individual. (Study of households).

Table 325.-Occupation before coming to the United States of foreign-born
males who were 16 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of
individual. (Study of households)......

Table 326.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees in each specified occu-
pation before coming to the United States, by race. (Study of em-
ployees)...