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papers, 12 have first papers only, and 19, or about 52 per cent, have neither first nor second papers.

In the bituminous mining industry in Kansas, data pertaining to political condition were obtained from 901 employees who had been in the United States five years or more, and who were 21 years or over at the time of coming. This information is presented below, by race. TABLE 449-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees in Kansas who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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Of the total of 901 persons included in the above table, 300, or 33.3 per cent, are fully naturalized; 519, or 57.6 per cent, have first papers; and 82 persons, or 9.1 per cent of the total, have neither first nor second papers.

Out of a total of 56 Germans reporting, 36, or 64.3 per cent, have both naturalization papers. Out of 63 English reporting, 50.8 per cent, or 32 persons, are fully naturalized; 25 persons have first papers; while only 6 have neither first nor second papers. The Irish and the Slovak each show more than 40 per cent of their number fully naturalized. The Scotch, the Bohemian and Moravian, and the French show between 30 and 40 per cent, and the Slovenian, the South Italian, and the North Italian show between 20 and 30 per cent so reported.

CITIZENSHIP IN THE SOUTHWEST.

As the result of the study of individual employees data were secured as to the political condition of 1,513 foreign-born males who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at the time of coming. This information is presented, by race, in the table following.

TABLE 450.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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Of the 1,513 males of foreign birth reporting in the above table 31.1 per cent are fully naturalized citizens and 45 per cent have first naturalization papers, while 23.9 per cent have no political status in the United States. The Germans, English, and Irish are from 55 to 69 per cent fully naturalized, with very few who have no papers. Slovenians, Italians, and French possess the greatest number of first papers in proportion to their numbers. Eighty-eight and four-tenths per cent of the 43 Mexicans reporting have no papers, and the race as a whole shows the least tendency toward naturalization. It is interesting to compare the Lithuanians with the Mexicans and notice the increased interest displayed by the former in political affairs of the nation. Nearly 60 per cent of the Lithuanians have either first or second papers, while only 11.6 per cent of the Mexicans are so reported. The Slovaks and Russians also display considerable civic

interest

Information was also secured from 792 employees who had been in the United States between five and nine years and from 721 employees who had a residence of ten years or over. These data are submitted in the table following, but the percentages for two races only are shown, the number reporting for the others being too small for computation. The percentages for the total numbers are computed for purposes of comparison.

TABLE 451.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by years in the United States and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

In United States 5 to 9 In United States 10 years In United States 5 years

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Of immigrants who have been in the United States between five and nine years 11.4 per cent are fully naturalized as compared with 52.8 per cent who have been in this country over ten years. Of those in the United States between five and nine years 56.7 per cent have first papers while only 32.2 per cent have first papers who have been here over ten years.

However, in the case of both the North and South Italians a much larger proportion of those of the longer period of residence in the United States are fully naturalized as compared with those who have been in this country between five and nine years.

The following table shows the present political condition of foreignborn males in the households studied in the Southwest.

TABLE 452.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

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Because of the very small numbers of the majority of races in the Southwest furnishing information, the possibility of making a satisfactory comparison, as between the races, is precluded. Of the 256 persons furnishing complete data only 23.4 per cent are fully naturalized, while an additional 24.2 per cent have, by securing first papers, manifested a desire to become citizens. This desire, it is apparent from the above table, is stronger with the Slovaks than with the Lithuanians and North Italians, the Slovaks showing 20.7 per cent fully naturalized and 34.5 per cent having first papers, as compared with 14.8 and 33.3 per cent, respectively, of the Lithuanians, and 17.1 and 25.6 per cent, respectively, of the North Italians. Of the 30 Mexicans reporting not one has taken any steps toward naturalization.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

Another point of value and interest in connection with the question as to the general progress of the foreign-born mine workers in the Southwest is found in the relative advancement of the different races in the use of the English language. The first table bearing upon this point is submitted below and exhibits, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the ability to speak English of 1,145 persons 6 years of age or over in the households studied.

TABLE 453.-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all non-English-speaking races.]

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Of 1,145 males and females in this locality for whom information was secured, 49.9 per cent speak English, the native-born of foreign father reporting a proportion greatly in excess of that shown for the foreign-born. This difference in proportions, it will be noted, is not so marked among the males as among the females.

As regards the foreign-born males who speak English, the Croatians, with 79.3 per cent, report a proportion larger than that of any other race; the Mexicans, with 21.9 per cent, reporting the smallest proportion. Following the Croatians, in the order named, are the Lithuanians, Slovaks, North Italians, South Italians, and Poles.

48296°-VOL 7-11- -9

Regarding the ability of the foreign-born females to speak English, it will be seen that the Croatians report by far the largest proportion or 71.4 per cent. The nearest approach to the proportion of the Croatian females who speak English is shown by the Slovaks, reporting 41.5 per cent. Following the Slovaks, with little difference in proportions, are the South Italians, North Italians, Lithuanians, and Poles, while the Mexican females report the smallest percentage speaking English.

Of the native-born of foreign father, information concerning a sufficient number to justify computation was secured from only one race. Of this race, the Slovak, the proportion of females with ability to speak English exceeds that of the males, each, however, showing a considerably larger proportion than is shown for the foreign-born Croatians.

By combining the proportions of males and females who speak English, it will be noted that, with one exception, the relative position of the several races remains the same as if only the males were considered.

Information was also secured from 3,482 individual employees, as is shown in the following table:

TABLE 454.-Per cent of foreign-born male employees who speak English, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

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It will be noted from the above table that 69.1 per cent of the total number speak English. Of the races reporting, the Germans show a smaller per cent unable to speak English than any other race, 9 per cent as compared with 11.8 per cent of the Lithuanians, who report the next higher per cent. After the Lithuanians, and in the following order, come the Magyars, French, Mexicans, and Russians, who report as being able to speak English, 75, 74.3, 74.3, and 70.3 per cent, respectively. With the exception of the Slovenians, who report 68.1 per cent, less than two-thirds of each of the other races are able to speak English, the South Italians reporting the highest, or 66 per cent, while the North Italians, with 62.4 per cent, report the lowest.

The per cent of foreign-born persons in the households studied who speak English is shown in the table following, by age at time of coming to the United States.

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