CHAPTER 2: COPYRIGHT IN THE MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION Copyright Protection for Motion Pictures and Television Programs. . The Nature of Authorship in Motion Pictures CHAPTER 3: POST EXHIBITION ALTERATIONS TO MOTION PICTURES . Adoption of Broadcast Standards for Television. 15 15 20 39 42 Effects of Panning and Scanning on the Aesthetics of 48 Effect of Colorization on the Aesthetics of Black and 58 Future Technologies 60 - 2 CHAPTER 4: THE IMPACT OF COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL BARGAINING Copyright Ownership and Preparation of the Motion Page 63 63 65 77 77 78 81 New York . Pennsylvania Rhode Island 101 102 . 102 - 3 Page Federal Legislative Efforts 103 Early Efforts to Adhere to the Berne Convention. . 103 105 106 107 - 4 ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT I Robert W. Kastenmeier and Carlos Moorhead letter to Ralph Oman ATTACHMENT II ML-356- Notice of Inquiry - Registration of Claims to Copyright- Notice of Inquiry; Colorization of Motion Pictures ML-366-- Notice of Registration Decision -- Copyright Registration for Colorized Versions of Black and White Motion Pictures ML-388 - Request for Request for Information; Notice of Hearing ML-390 -- Final Regulation -- Copyright Registration for Colorized ATTACHMENT III "The Financing of Motion Pictures" prepared by Eric Schwartz, Policy Planning Advisor to the Register of Copyrights ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to many individuals and organizations in the motion picture and other affected industries for their responsiveness and generous cooperation in supplying information for this report. I refer particularly to the American Film Institute, Colorization, Inc., Color Systems Technology, Inc., the Directors Guild of America, Erol's Inc., the Motion Picture Association of America, the National Association of Broadcasters, Quintex Corporation, the Screen Actors Guild, Turner Entertainment Company, and the Walt Disney Company. Like other Copyright Office reports, the Report of the Register of Copyrights on Technological Alterations to Motion Pictures results from the contributions of many staff who perform such diverse functions as research, writing, typing, reviewing, designing, and printing. Although it is not possible to name all these contributors, I certainly acknowledge the fact and significance of their efforts. I would, however, make special mention of the research, writing, and typing efforts of William Patry and Eric Schwartz, Policy Planning Advisors to the Register. I would also like to thank Vicky George, former Senior Copyright Information Specialist, for her painstaking reconstruction of the transcript of our September 8, 1988 hearing, and Carol Duling, Cynthia White and Sandra Brown of my staff for making the many necessary changes in that transcript. |