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1223 St. Paul St., Baltimore, Md. Box 157, Forest Glen, Md. 103 Woodland Road, Auburndale, Mass.

Miss Farmer's School of Cookery...30 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass.
Sea Pines School of Personality.
Cambridge-Haskell School.

Walnut Hill School..

Mount Ida School.

House in the Pines.

Whiting Hall

Oak Hall

Gulf Park College.

Central College for Women. Lindenwood College.

The Arden School for Girls.
Miss Beard's School for Girls.
Drew Seminary.

The Cazenovia Seminary.
Keuka College.

Ossining School.

Putnam Hall..

Highland Manor

Miss Mason's School for Girls.

Glendale College.

Bishopthorpe Manor.

The Birmingham School for Girls.

Highland Hall.

Beechwood School, Inc..

Miss Sayward's School.

Ward-Belmont.

The Highlands.

St. Mary's-Dallas.

Fairfax Hall.

Sullins College.

Southern Seminary.

Virginia College.

.Box B, Brewster, Mass.

36 Concord Ave., Cambridge, Mass. 24 Highland St., Natick, Mass. 2306 Summit St., Newton, Mass. Norton, Mass.

South Sudbury, Mass.

584 Holly Ave., St. Paul, Minn.
.. Box R, Gulfport, Miss.
.423 State St., Lexington, Mo.
Box 723, St. Charles, Mo.
Lakewood, N. J.
Orange, N. J.
Box 518, Carmel, N. Y.
Box D, Cazenovia, N. Y.
Keuka Park, N. Y.
Box 7D, Ossining, N. Y.
Box 811, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Box D, Tarrytown, N. Y.
Box 710, Tarrytown, N. Y.

. Box 1, Glendale, Ohio
Box 251, Bethlehem, Pa.
Box 109, Birmingham, Pa.
Hollidaysburg, Pa.
Jenkintown, Pa.
Overbrook, Pa.

Belmont Heights, Box 14, Nashville, Tenn.

Mary Baldwin College and Seminary

Warrenton Country School.

Lewisburg Seminary..
Milwaukee-Downer Seminary.

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Austin, Tex. Dallas, Tex.

Box D, Basic, Va. Box D, Bristol, Va. Box 989, Buena Vista, Va. Box T, Roanoke, Va. ... Staunton, Va. Box 21, Warrenton, Va. Box 80, Lewisburg, W. Va. Box D, Milwaukee, Wis.

Preparatory

Box W-7, Menlo Park, Cal. Brookfield Centre, Conn. Cheshire, Conn. .Lake Forest, Ill. Box D-7, Woodstock, Ill. .Box 250, Howe, Ind. Port Deposit, Md. Box L, Billerica, Mass. 539 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. 50 King Caesar Rd., Duxbury, Mass. Box M, Easthampton, Mass. Wilbraham, Mass. Worcester, Mass.

Special

Miss Compton's School for Girls.

Devereux Schools.

Miss Woods' School.

Box C, Mont Vernon, N. H. Box W, Blairstown, N. J. Box 7P, Hightstown, N. J. New Brunswick, N. J. .Box 80, Pennington, N. J. Box F, Princeton, N. J. Box 118, Ithaca, N. Y. Box 905, Tarrytown, N. Y. Box B, Gettysburg, Pa. .Box 103, Mercersburg, Pa. Providence, R. I. .St. Johnsbury, Vt.

.3809 Flad Ave., St. Louis, Mo. . Berwyn, Pa. Box 160, Langhorne, Pa.

Military Schools and Colleges

.Los Angeles, Cal. Box L, Pacific Beach, Cal. R. D. No. 2, Box 12-D, Pasadena, Cal.

San Rafael, Cal. College Park, Ga. Box 800, Morgan Park, Ill. . Culver, Ind. Box 105, Lyndon, Ky. 435 Waltham St., W. Newton, Mass. 706 Third St., Boonville, Mo. Washington Ave., Lexington, Mo. Drawer C-7, Bordentown, N. J.

Urban Military Academy.
San Diego Army & Navy Academy.
Pasadena Military Academy.
Hitchcock Military Academy.
Georgia Military Academy
Morgan Park Military Academy.
Culver Military Academy.
Kentucky Military Institute.
Allen-Chalmers School.
Kemper Military School..
Wentworth Military Academy...187
Bordentown Military Institute.
Wenonah Military Academy.
New Mexico Military Institute.
Saint John's School.
Bingham Military School.
Miami Military Institute.
Western Reserve Academy.
Pennsylvania Military College.
The Columbia Military Academy.
Castle Heights Military Academy.
Branham & Hughes Military Academy.
Tennessee Military Institute..
Blackstone Military Academy.
Randolph-Macon Academy.
Staunton Military Academy
Fishburne Military School.
Greenbrier Military School.
Saint John's Military Academy.
Northwestern Military Academy.

Box 402, Wenonah, N. J.
.Box L, Roswell, N. Mex.

. Box 106, Manlius, N. Y. . Box L, Asheville, N. C. Box 239, Germantown, Ohio Box F67, Hudson, Ohio Box 225, Chester, Pa. .Box D, Columbia, Tenn. .Box 141, Lebanon, Tenn. Box 4, Spring Hill, Tenn. Box 124, Sweetwater, Tenn.

Box B, Blackstone, Va. Box 410, Front Royal, Va.

Box D. Staunton, Va. Box L, Waynesboro, Va. Box 25, Lewisburg, W. Va. Box 12G, Delafield, Wisc. .....Lake Geneva, Wisc.

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Chicago College of Dental Surgery.
Chicago Normal School of Physical Education.
National Kindergarten & Elementary College..
Northwestern University School of Speech.... Box A 10, Evanston, IN.
Burdett College of Business Administration.
Posse Normal School of Gymnastics.....779 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.
Leland Powers School..
Upper Fenway, Boston, Mass.
Sargent School for Physical Education.
Kellogg School of Physical Education.
Sanitarium School of Home Economics
Ott S. of Chautauqua & Lyceum Arts...505 DeWitt Park, Ithaca, N. Y.
Conway Military Band School.
Ithaca Conservatory of Music.
Ithaca School of Physical Education.
Williams School of Expression.
Froebel League..
Pace Institute.
Cincinnati Conservatory of Music.
The College of Music of Cincinnati.
Cumberland University Law School.

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To assure protection to all things that need summer cleaning

"Mr. Jollyco, excuse me, sir, but I understand you have specified Ivory Soap for washing the office linoleums. Don't you think that's pretty expensive?"

"I've done that, Jimpson, because the linoleum manufacturers wrote me last week that strong soaps rot the fibre base and soon ruin the linoleum itself. They have tested every soap on the market and found that Ivory is one of the very few soaps they are willing to recommend. So I guess we'll save money in the end."

"Well, that's certainly news to me, sir. I supposed any soap was good enough for linoleums."

No, Mr. Jollyco is right. Linoleums are very sensitive to soap. Ivory is the only generally known soap that appears on the approved list. We'll be glad to show you the evidence.

Women who take good care of their sensitive skin know that Ivory Soap is a faithful protector against the glare of summer suns.

The purity that makes Ivory thus beneficent for tender skin also renders it kind to delicate garments and to all those hangings and household furnishings which so readily collect the dust that swirls through summer's open windows.

A special large size for protection and economy For the washing of all such things-silks, sheer cotton voiles and dimities, delicate-hued blouses and skirts, summer chintzes, tablelinens and bed-spreads-a special laundry size of Ivory is made.

This fine, big cake of Ivory is exactly the same soap as the Ivory you use on your face-pure, mild, gentle, white.

Indeed, it is as fine a soap as skill can make and money can buy,

yet it is economical enough for general household use!

Harsh soap is destructive to fine fabrics and tender hands Harsh soap is destructive to linens and cretonnes and silks. Harsh soap shrinks and mats delicate woolen fabrics. Harsh soap soon ruins varnished surfaces and linoleums. And when you use harsh soap for washing dishes, you know only too well what happens to the tender skin of your hands.

So it is only natural that, in seeking a means of protection both for these precious possessions and for your hands, you should turn with confidence, like so many millions of other women, to Ivory Soap.

May we suggest, therefore, that when you buy the smaller size of Ivory for your toilet and bath, you also buy, for both protection and economy in your general cleaning, several cakes of the large size, also?

We have published a booklet called "Unusual Uses of Ivory Soap." We shall be glad to send you a copy free. A post-card will bring it.

PROCTER & GAMBLE

IVORY SOAP

9944/100% PURE IT FLOATS

IVORY

Copyright 1923, by The Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnall

PUBLIC OPINION (New York) combined with THE LITERARY DIGEST

Published by Funk & Wagnalls Company (Adam W. Wagnalls, Pres.; Wilfred J. Funk, Vice-Pres.; Robert J. Cuddihy, Treas.; William Neisel, Sec'y) 354-360 Fourth Ave., New York

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P

HARDING'S PLAN TO CUT THE COST OF LIVING

RESIDENT HARDING "STARTED SOMETHING,"

at a time when the whole country is groaning under the burden of high prices, many papers agree, when he proposed, in his Idaho Falls speech, that the nation and the States seek ways to promote cooperative buying by the general public, thereby "shortening the bridge between producer and consumer and reducing the toll that must be paid for passing over it." This proposal, predicts the Minneapolis Tribune (Rep.), will provoke wide discussion, provide a fruitful topic of debate in the next Congress, and "probably enter as a factor into the Presidential campaign next year." The political bearing is obvious. In making this suggestion for reducing the costly spread of prices between the producer and the consumer, the same paper notes, the President enters upon ground not covered by the Republean platform of 1920. But his remedy is one which has been advocated in the farmerlabor movement since its inception," states the Minneapolis Minnesota Star (Labor), which assures him that "no progressive will quarrel with it." "Honestly carried oit," says this paper,

marketing of produce. But cooperative buying, in the interest of the consumer, is in its pioneer stage. Here and there in the past cooperative retail stores have been established with the purpose of giving patrons the advantage of wholesale prices, less the cost of overhead, but they were seldom successful in the long run; perhaps they lacked the system of credits and finance of which the President speaks.

"It is possible that the two kinds of cooperation can be so coordinated as to make them work together, to the mutual advantage of producer and consumer, and that in this way the bridge between the two great groups of the nation's populati n can be shortened and its toll reduced."

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DOING HIS BIT TO REDUCE THE COST OF FOOD
President Harding driving a tractor and reaper in a wheat-field near Hutchinson,
Kansas, where he stopt on his tour to the Pacific Coast and Alaska.

"the President's plan would constitute an enormous step toward industrial democracy, the real goal of progressivism." His words, says the Washington Star (Ind.), will bring a thrill of hope to every householder. Altho his scheme is still nebulous, remarks the Philadelphia Inquirer (Rep.), it at least officially recognizes the fact that "the producer is not getting enough profit and the consumer is paying too much." Nothing else that he has said on his Western tour, thinks the Grand Rapids Herald Ind. Rep.), will be read with as intense interest by so large a number of Americans.

"The great unorganized public, which for years has faced the increased cost of living and meekly paid the bills because no other course seemed open, may not be so helpless after all," observes the St. Joseph News-Press (Ind.), which goes on to say: "The idea of cooperative selling is comparatively familiar, as it is in the interest of the farmer, and has as its object the orderly

1

President Harding "is right in his statement that there is need for shortening the distance between the producer on the farm and the consumer in the city; and he is equally right in his conclusion that the country has outgrown the present system of distribution," observes the Columbus Ohio State Journal (Rep.), which believes that "unless some other and better method is developed, there is no doubt that the cooperative movement will have a very great application and may become an established general.custom." Stript of phrases, notes

he

a writer in the New York American, cooperation by consumers means that "families may get together to buy their goods directly from the producers of the goods, and thus do away with the costly middlemen or retailers and their profits." If Mr. Harding can induce the American people to take this idea more seriously as a matter of every-day life, many papers agree, will be accomplishing a great work. "There is evidence a-plenty at hand and accumulating to show that the ultimate consumer is thinking about the cost of living," remarks the Philadelphia Public Ledger (Ind.). "Undoubtedly there is much to be gained of advantage both to the producer and the consumer by cooperative action," avers the Philadelphia Bulletin (Rep.); and the Democratic New York Evening World, while reminding us that "the history of the cooperative movement in the United States as well as abroad indicates that cooperative enterprises succeed only as they grow from small beginnings," goes on to explain:

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cooperative societies, associations, and corporations which have undertaken, in many cases with notable success, to improve the position of the agricultural producers. Such organizations have been successful in all parts of this country and in many parts of the Old World. They have already done a great work and taught us many valuable lessons.

"There is need to have working and practical cooperative associations of producers in the country, and at the same time to have equally effective cooperations among the consuming communities of the cities and towns; and, finally, to link these two sets of cooperators together in a coordination for mutual advantage to both.

"I believe it is possible, and altogether desirable, that systems of credit and finance should be developed, under public auspices, to encourage both these kinds of cooperation; and to draw them together into a harmonious working scheme of wide-spread distribution at the lowest possible expense.

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GHOSTS OF THE DEPARTED DO RETURN
-Smith in the Jersey City Journal.

all countries and all societies, is the exorbitant cost of living. We realize that the real producer, under our elaborate and costly system of distribution, is not permitted a fair share of his product for his own use and enjoyment. We have become convinced that somehow our system of distribution has grown too cumbersome, too costly, too complex, too indirect, too unrelated to, the interests of real producers and legitimate consumers. We must find methods to take up as much as possible of the slack in the long line between producer and consumer; to give the producer a better share in that which he furnishes to the community, and to enable the consumer to meet his requirements at a reasonable cost.

"To this end many experiments have been made in cooperative production, transportation, distribution and purchasing. To a great extent, these experiments have proceeded from the enterprise and initiative of the Western people, to whom these problems have presented themselves with especial insistence. But for the spirit of cooperation, the willingness to be mutually helpful, the determination to give first place to the interests of the community, you could not have made your West what it is.

"Ours is an individualistic society and we want it to remain so. We want this Republic to remain always the land of opportunity wherein every man's abilities and usefulness shall measure his personal advancement and prosperity.

"The need of this time is to shorten the bridge between producer and consumer, and to reduce the toll that must be paid for passing over it. We all know a good deal about the various

"I have not attempted to work out even an outline, much less the details, of such a system; but I believe it is possible, feasible and certain to command the sympathy of men and women who have the true interest of the country at heart. I hope to be able, as the result of studies and investigations, to recommend for the consideration of the Congress measures which shall represent a beginning along this line. It is a big and pregnant subject to which no man or woman can deny the fullest and most careful consideration.

"My thought is that the Government should give the largest encouragement consistent with sound economics and proper government functions to every effort of the people to help themselves in dealing with the high cost of living and the relationship of incomes to our household budgets.

"I have wondered if it were not possible, for example, that a scheme of cooperation among consumers, financial, in part at least, through a carefully organized and supervised adaptation of the principles of the savings bank or the building and loan society, might be made to serve a splendidly useful purpose in this department of our economic life. I think this would be preferable to having limited sections of the community undertaking to establish financial independence and economic solidarity, as some of them have lately been doing.

"The development of such a general program into a sound working business scheme would doubtless be found chiefly an affair of the State governments, but one in which the jointure of State and national authorities might prove practicable and even necessary."

This proposal is immensely important, of course, if it is practicable. But on this point many editorial commentators express doubt. "Congress showing the average wage-earner how to save his money and reduce his cost of living is one thing we will never see," is the pessimistic comment of the Philadelphia Public Ledger. But even if Congress could be depended upon to help, there is a more serious obstacle inherent in the temperament and habits of the American people, says the New York Times (Dem.), which, while admitting the theoretical soundness of the President's suggestion, goes on to say:

"But somehow cooperation has not proved attractive in the United States-not in practise, that is, tho we all think the theory a fine one.

"Our producers in a few branches of agriculture have cooperated with profit both to their pockets and to their reputations, but as consumers we seemingly like best to be individualists. But for some time we probably shall go on paying high prices for what we want in order to get it with the least trouble to ourselves. Meanwhile, the middleman army will take the trouble and its heavy rake-off from producers and consumers alike."

There is much to be said in favor of cooperation, writes George W. Hinman in the financial columns of the New York American (Ind.). But "the main trouble with it is that the people will not do it":

"What the people want is the quickest and most convenient

delivery of the goods they use in their daily lives. By such quick and convenient delivery of the goods they save time and effort. For this saving they have to pay extra money. They are willing to do so.

"That is the reason there are over a million retailers or middlemen in business in the United States. That is the reason there are nearly 350,000 grocers buying food from wholesalers and distributing it to families. None of these men could be in business if the 25,000,000 American families did not demand that they be in business and call on them daily to do just what they are doing.

"There is much to be said in favor of the simple life. The American people might be better off if they turned aside from their present ways and took up both. Who knows? But that the American people won't do it, that they will continue spending money freely to save themselves trouble and effort, that they will demand convenience and variety and speed in satisfying their wants, that they will refuse to live the plain lives of their grandfathers, even tho they can save money by so doing --all these things are so sure and clear that, as a eure for the high cost of living, the general cooperative commonwealth is not likely to become a practical proposition for either this or the next generation of American families."

The hope of lower living expenses that Mr. Harding holds out is not likely to be realized, thinks the New York Journal of Commerce (Ind.), which concludes its comment with these words:

"There is no way of avoiding the truth that the best help to the community is that of cutting taxation, eliminating unnecessary duties on imported goods and thereby enlarging our foreign trade. These simple and easily applied remedies call for no elaborate 'machinery,' or devices for 'financing,' or legislation.' They have the additional advantage that they would 'work' by cutting living costs and increasing true prosperity."

The extermination of the middleman is implicit in the President's plan, remarks the Philadelphia Record (Dem.), which continues:

"If only the middlemen were the dealers this would be safe enough. But the President's problem is not so simple. The manufacturers who buy cotton and wool and turn out textile fabrics are also middlemen. However, the class is much smaller than the producers (being the wage-earners, miners and farmers), and they are only a small fraction of the whole mass of consumers. Therefore it might be good policy to make the producers and the consumers happy by exterminating the middlemen.

A

The

"Unfortunately for the President, the extermination of the middleman has been threatened a great many times. The oldest of all remedies for the high cost of living is to wipe out the middlemen. fact that the middlemen still exist suggests strongly that they are not parasites, but are necessary elements in the process of distribution. The farmer who hauls his produce to the door of his customer gets a better price than he who sells to a buyer, but he spends a great deal of time that he could more profitably spend on the farm."

We are warned by the St. Louis Globe-Democrat (Ind.) against "the wide-spread notion that the space between the producer and the consumer is a field of robbery, graft, profiteering and general iniquity." No group or class or agency, it declares, is to be blamed for the spread of prices between producer and consamer. This increase "is the result of the constantly growing complexity of our civilization, of our industrial system, of our social relations, of our geographical distribution." There are serious difficulties in the path of the President's plan, concludes the Missouri paper, "and it is a matter of conjecture whether even with appropriate legislation the idea can be successfully applied in this country to such an extent as materially to affect living costs."

To illustrate the complexity of the problem the President

seeks to solve, we quote from The Christian Science Monitor (Boston) the following fable, entitled, "Why the Cost of Living. Is High":

"An Ultimate Producer, who had labored hard in his fields for many years, and found that it took nearly all of the money received for his crops to pay his taxes and the interest on his mortgage, was deeply moved by the troubles of the city millions with the high cost of food products, and decided to find out why it was that the price paid by the consumer was anywhere from 100 to 300 per cent. more than the farmer got for what he raised. The first man he tackled was the Railway Magnate. 'My dear fellow,' beamed the genial executive, we are not responsible. It is true that freight charges are much higher

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than they were a few years ago, but think of the high wages and taxes we are paying now. And the increased cost of equipment is something frightful. Most of us are on the verge of a receivership.'

"The next on the list was the Commission Merchant. 'Don't blame me for low prices for your stuff. By the time I've counted up freight and insurance charges, truckage, storage, selling expenses, and losses through unpaid bills, I am not making a living. It's the retailer gets all the profits.'

"Me?' said the Retailer. 'Why, what with the high rent of my shop, wages of clerks, cost of delivery, losses on perishable stuff, and bad debts, I am just able to keep going. My landlord takes most of what I make.'

"High rents nothing,' said the Landlord. 'Have you any idea what I pay in taxes? Maybe you haven't heard that, taking into account higher valuations, taxes have just about doubled in the past ten years. That's where the money goes.'

"Higher taxes?' rejoined the Politician, when the producer had asked him about increased tax rates. 'Yes, taxes are a lot higher, but that's because governments are doing so much more for the people nowadays. With more than 4,000,000 public servants on the pay-roll, it takes a heap of cash to keep things running.' 'And what does the government do for me?' asked the producer. 'Oh! it collects taxes from you.'”

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