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HO looks after the air in your tires? We will tell you who should.

The person who looks after the air in your tires should be the same person who drives your car, winds your watch, and signs your checks.

Your garage or service man may be glad and willing to test the air in your tires for you. But he is often busy with a thousand and one other things.

Checking up air pressure is one of those simple necessary little tasks that it's better to do for yourself so that you know they are done regularly and carefully.

Dangers in too little air

Tires run on too little air puncture more easily. They overheat quickly, and heat is the enemy of rubber. If tires are unevenly inflated your car will not steer so easily.

Tires over-inflated lack resilience. The car bounces and suffers for lack of the cushioning effect.

Own a Schrader Universal Tire Pressure Gauge, and use it yourself. Its operation is quick and simple. It tells you accurately the air pressure in your tires. You don't trust to guesswork.

You can buy a Schrader Gauge at almost any motoraccessory shop, garage, or hardware store. Price is $1.25 (in Canada $1.50). Special type for truck tires and wire wheels $1.75 (in Canada $2.00.)

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MOTORING AND AVIATION Continued

machines daily leave the Paris air port, Le Bourget, the biggest in the world, on journeys across the continent, averaging a total distance of 6,000 kilometers (about 3,700 miles).

While flying is rapidly becoming popular in France, it is still noteworthy that the majority of passengers carried on French air routes are Americans. They figure for close on 80 per cent. of the total number of passengers carried, Britishers coming next, to the extent of about 15 per cent., while the remainder is made up of French and other Europeans.

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Commercial routes are operated both in winter and summer, albeit certain modifications are made in both seasons. Fares differ on all routes.

The three air companies operating at the present time in France are:

1. The Latecoere Airway Company, having its base at Toulouse and flying machines daily from there to Casablanca in Morocco, a distance of 1,150 miles, covered in thirteen hours. Branch sections of this line run from Casablanca to Oran in Algeria, a distance of 500 miles, covered in six hours.

2. The Air-Union, so known since the beginning of the present year, when the two companies, the Messageries Aeriennes and the Grands Express Aeriens, amalgamated. This company runs airplanes from Paris to London and from Paris to Brussels, Rotterdam and Amsterdam. The distance from Paris to London is calculated to be 235 miles, covered in just over two and a half hours, and from Paris to Amsterdam, 300 miles, completed in three and a half hours actual flying time.

3. The Franco-Roumaine Air Company, flying machines between Paris, Strasbourg, Prague, Warsaw, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Constantinople, a total distance of 1,562 miles, covered in twenty-eight hours actual flying, altho the completed trip takes forty-four hours, including stops

The last-named company, with ninety planes, is the largest with respect to size of the fleet. The Herald says that

In 1920 this company's machines covered 38,000 miles, in 1921 400,000 miles, and in 1922 550,000 miles. Whereas in 1920 it carried only fifteen passengers, half a ton of freight and 130 pounds of mail; in 1921 it carried 1,328 passengers, thirty tons of freight and a ton and a half of mail. Last year, considered a very unsatisfactory year in flying circles because of the very unsettled weather, the Franco-Roumaine carried 833 passengers, thirty-three tons of merchandise and two tons of mail.

Machines on this line leave Le Bourget daily at 3 P. M. They reach Strasbourg at 6 P. M., where a halt is made for the night before boarding another machine with a different pilot, who, leaving at 4.30 A. M., arrives in Prague at 9, leaving again at 9:30, reaching Vienna at 11:30. The departure from Vienna is timed for noon and the arrival at Budapest at 1:45 P. M.. thence to Belgrade, where the plane arrives at 5:45 P. M., leaving again on a long night flight to Bucharest, where it arrives at 10:45 P. M. The journey is continued the next morning at 8:15, the plane arriving at noon at Constantinople.

Thus a passenger leaving Le Bourget on Monday at 3 P. M. and flying to Constantinople would reach the Turkish capital at

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93

The 134 cars and trucks whose builders

use Willard Batteries

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always have used Willard

It's worth remembering-that more than 9 out of every 10 car manufacturers who use Willard Batteries as original equipment have always used them

And that the Willard list includes 134 cars and trucks-more by far than carry any other make of battery.

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Rowe

Sayers
Seagrave
Service
Signal
Standard
Stoughton
Studebaker

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Stutz

Miller

Day-Elder

Thomart

Mitchell

Defiance

Tiffin

Monroe

Denby

Titan

Dependable

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Traffic
Transport
Traylor
Twin City,

Ultimate
Vim

White
Wilson

STORAGE
BATTERIES

Willard

Willard Radio Batteries increase efficiency. Send for free booklet, "Better Results from Radio".

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MOTORING AND AVIATION Continued

FEDERAL has spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on new design.-Federal has prepared for the future needs of transportation by completely modernizing its entire line of sixteen motor truck models. That's why Federal is now out in front of competitionand why Federals are establishing a new sales record.

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noon Wednesday. A branch line run in conjunction with the main route connects Prague and Warsaw, a plane leaving Prague at 9:45, arriving in Warsaw at 1:30 P. M. The fares on this route are as follows, taking Paris as the stepping-off point: Strasbourg, 180 francs; Prague, 390; Warsaw, 610; Vienna, 510; Budapest, 600; Belgrade, 725; Bucharest, 910; Constantinople, 1,110.

Until quite recently planes belonging to this company crossed and recrossed Germany from beyond Strasbourg to Prague 214 times without having to land in "enemy" territory a single time. The distance between the two cities is about 370 miles.

The Air Union Company operates the Paris-London route and Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam. Its fleet of 55 airplanes is composed of 28 huge Goliath twelve-seater machines made by Farman and driven by two 300 horse-power Renault or Salmson engines. These planes have a carrying capacity of one and a half tons and a wing spread of 27 meters. They are the largest gliding machines in use on French lines, and it is calculated that such a machine when at a height of 3,500 meters, which is easily reached, could safely "glide" across the English Channel. There are also 13 three-seater Berlines Spad machines driven by 257 horse-power Salmson engines or 300 horse-power Hispano motors, and 12 fourseater Breguet machines.

The machines are scheduled to leave Le Bourget for London at 12:30 daily, and Durfor Brussels and Amsterdam at noon. ing the summer short stops are made at Berck in order to land or pick up passengers after or before a game of golf at Le Touquet. Hundreds of Britishers take advantage of this arrangement during the fine The cost of the trip to London is 300 francs, 600 for the round trip and 150 to Brussels and 300 to Rotterdam or Amsterdam. Early morning plares of this company bring the newspapers from England to Paris.

season.

The Latecoere Company operates the Southern French route from Toulouse to Casablanca, with branch connections in Spain and in North Africa. Says the newspaper article:

Accidents have been comparatively few in the three years that the air lines have operated. Close on 25,000 passengers have been carried by French machines and more than 800,000 miles covered, and there have been 9 serious accidents resulting in the death of 13 persons, passengers and personnel, and serious injuries to 1 passenger.

England, we are told, has awakened within the last year "to an appreciation of the vast importance of aviation." As a result,

The Air Ministry is planning broad measures to develop the ai service in Great Britain both along military and civil lines.

There are now in England these three air lines maintaining regular services:

(1). The Handley-Page Company, which conducts a line between Croydon and Paris.

(2). The Instone Air Line, which operates between London, Brussels and Cologne.

(3). The Daimler Company, which sends Company,

planes between Croyden, Amsterdam and Berlin.

In addition there is the Supermarine Corporation of Southampton, which is to run a service to the Channel Islands and soon after to Cherbourg and Havre. The distinctive feature of this company is that its planes are boat planes.

The Handley-Page Company has four airplanes in its service. Three of these run daily, while the fourth is being overhauled. There are two services daily between London and Paris. From Croydon the starting times are 12:30 and 4 o'clock. The company has found by experience that it takes on the average two hours and a half to make the run, altho the record is exactly one hour less.

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The Handley-Page planes have capacity for carrying at one time fourteen passengers in addition to the pilot and mechanic. Like the other British services it carries both freight and mail. The freight capacity of its planes is 500 pounds when the passenger limit is filled, and 2,500 pounds with no passengers.

In 1922 12,712 passengers were carried by the five companies which operate from Croydon-the Handley-Page, the Instone, the Daimler, the K. L. M. (Dutch) and the C. M. A. (French). Of these 4,008 were carried by the Handley-Page Company. For the first four months of this year-that is up to May 1-the five companies have I transported 3,583 passengers, compared with 1,830 in the first quarter of 1922. The fare to Paris from Croydon is about $30. The Instone company maintains two services daily each way between Croydon and Cologne. One plane leaving Croydon stops at Brussels; the other goes directly on to Cologne. This company has four planes in its service, each capable of carrying nine passengers or a ton of freight. The fare to Brussels is £3 19s. 6d.; that to Cologne £5 19s. 6d. The average time of flight to Brussels from London is three and a half hours; to Cologne four and a quarter hours. This company has carried approximately 7,000 passengers in the last two

years.

The Daimler Airways Company, which has risen from the ashes of the old Aircraft Transport and Travel Company, also maintains four planes constantly in its service. Its machines are capable of carrying ten passengers or 1,600 pounds of freight. The fare from London to Birmingham is 30 shillings; from London to Amsterdam £4. The time of flight from Manchester to Berlin is nine and a quarter hours. In the nine months from April 1 of last year to January 1 of this year the company carried 2,103 passengers. In the first four months of 1923 it has transported 357 passengers.

All of these companies except the De Haviland are subsidized by the British Government. The Ministry in 1921 allorated the sum of £600,000 to cover financial assistance to air companies for a period of three years. This period ends in March, 1924.

Now, however, the Government is on the verge of taking a step which should place the British air service on a firm and stable basis. A Parliamentary committee appointed to investigate the subject has recommended the formation of a company to embrace all the existing air services. A monopoly will be created having a capital of £2000,000. Of this half a million is to be provided by the Government. This is repayable in ten years, free of interest charges, by the company. When the amount has been entirely repaid the Government will relinquish all control over the

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