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Leather binding $3.44, cash with order.) For its beauty your skin needs quick, simple cleansing You probably realize that thorough daily cleansing of your skin is an im portant contribution to its beauty. This is right. Indeed, daily cleans ing is the very most important require ment for skin beauty. But do not complicate the cleansing process you will find the simplest method to be best. Cleansing should not be allowed to make your skin more sensitive and tender than it already is. Remember that this thin covering of your face must resist sun, wind, dust and all the other damaging influences of everyday life-it needs all the help it can get. While the cleansing process should, therefore, be thorough, it should also be brief and simple in order to be safe. 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PUBLIC OPINION (New York) combined with THE LITERARY DIGEST Published by Funk & Wagnalls Company (Adam W. Wagnalls, Pres.; Wilfred J. Funk, Vice-Pres.; Robert J. Cuddihy, Treas.; William Neisel, Sec'y) 354-360 Fourth Ave., New York A HASTENING THE DOWNFALL OF KING COAL SINGLE ACT OF TYRANNY may be the last straw in revolution or change of dynasty. In these pages two weeks Strike or no strike, observes the New York World, “the hardcoal industry of Pennsylvania is on trial for its life." In the State that produces anthracite, the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin notes that "substitutes are already threatening a serious permanent reduction of the anthracite market." If the anthracite mines can not satisfy the market "as to quantity, and keep the price within the limits of purchasing power, they will surely sink into oblivion." For, it explains, if the anthracite-burning public finds out that it can get along just as well with bituminous coal after becoming accustomed to it, a large proportion of it will never go back to anthracite. Or, as the Pittsburgh Gazette Times puts it, "once the market is 'made' for the substitute fuels, it will be very difficult to recover it for anthracite." And the Philadelphia Public Ledger sums up the situation this way: "What the hard-coal industry is doing is to wipe out its own markets. Its perennial wars already have wiped out a great part` of its sales areas. The Middle West and Northwest are turning more and more to soft coal. The old-time 'base-burners' have been junked. Soft-coal heaters are going in. Oil-burners are being installed. In New England, industrialists are boycotting thracite. Contracts are being made for Welsh coal. An avalanche of oil, coke and other substitutes is ready to sweep into and over the anthracite markets." In New England, a leading market for anthracite, the Springfield Union observes that "under the lash of necessity the use of substitutes for anthracite may be developed to the point of working havoc with the anthracite mining industry." In the same Massachusetts city, The Republican calls upon the people to put an end to their "dependence on economic tyranny of corporations and unions," by turning to soft coal, oil, and, eventually, etricity generated by water-power. In the last week of August the Chicago Tribune remarked that whatever might be the outSome of the anthracite strike threat, "one point is certain: "It provides ideal 'selling talk' for purveyors of substitute fue's and the appliances with which to make use of these substi tutes. "The American public has become very weary of these annual threats against its comfort and prosperity, and of the steadily nereasing cost of the essential of fuel. That weariness is reflected in factories and salesrooms which are producing and distributing oil-burners, in the slogan, 'You Can Do It Better with Gas,' and in the steadily increasing popular interest in development of hydroelectric power and other substitutes for coal as fuel. "It has advanced so far that nowadays when a man plans to build a new home, the possibility of installing a heating plant which will make him independent of coal is one of the first things he studies. Any offer of a substitute commands his interest. Oil and oil-burners are among the leaders in this advancing process of substitution. Gas is frequently used for water heating, and, where practicable, is considered for more general use. Electricity has not yet reached a point of development and cost where it can be generally used for heating, but electric ranges and electric heaters for single rooms are growing in use and popularity. When all our water-power is developed, and transmission facilities are sufficiently improved, its use will become more general. Alcohol is a fuel of great potential importance. It can be made from almost anything-garbage, sawdust, weeds, etc.and as processes of manufacture improve and restrictions are reduced it will come into more general use." And so it occurs to the Minneapolis Journal that "high prices and strikes, serious as they are, will not be without their compensations if they prompt to the use of substitute fuels and better heating systems." "The consternation that follows a coal strike," remarks the Minnesota daily, "cries out against halting inventive genius that has been so slow to conquer this basic problem of industry and domestic life." First in the list of substitutes for anthracite is, of course, bituminous coal, the supply of which, as the Nashville Tennessean notes, "is practically inexhaustible." An authority quoted in the New York Times estimates that the coal-fields of the United States and Alaska contain 2,155,000,000,000 tons of bituminous and only 16,153,000,000 tons of anthracite. As the New York World tells its readers: "Other countries get along without hard coal. Many States of the Union with colder winters than New York burn bituminous coal almost entirely, and manage to keep warm. It would entail some initial expense, especially in highly organized centers like the metropolis, to equip heating-plants with soft-coal grates, yet in the end it would be a saving. Soft coal costs less.” A Philadelphian who writes to the Public Ledger points out that: "In Central Pennsylvania, Maryland and parts of West Virginia there are hundreds of large mines producing millions of tons of high-grade low-volatile semi-bituminous coals which are suitable for domestic use and are being used by millions of people for that purpose, both for cooking and heating, and when fired in the proper manner produce almost no smoke or soot. "The heating value of the good, low-volatile coals is about ten per cent. greater than the heating value of the better grades of hard coal; and to-day the delivered cost to the domestic consumer will average about five dollars a ton less." It seems to the editor of The Coal Trade Journal (New York) that with the use of proper smoke-eliminating devices and careful firing, "there is no reason why New York could not use more bituminous if it were of the right grade." It is pointed out in The Coal Trade Journal that there are available to replace anthracite: briquets, coke, semi-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and imported coal. Briquets, we are told, are made out of a fine coal or dust, mixed with a binder and subjected to pressure. They burn to a powdery ash without slag or clinker. The best binder is fuel oil; and culm, hard or soft coal, lignite and fuel oil residue are used for the base. On the subject of coke, this coal trade paper says: Some of the largest buildings in New York, we read in The Times of that city, now depend on oil for fuel. Oil-burner sales seem to have increased most notably among big consumers, who are dissatisfied over the coal situation: "The Singer Building turned to oil several years ago, and among other buildings which now have oil equipment, or are planning to use it, are the Metropolitan Life Building, the Equi table Building, Columbia University, the Knickerbocker Building, and several of the big department stores. For large plants heavy Mexican oil is adequate. "In Boston fuel oil was substituted for coal to the extent of 60,000 tons last year, at a saving of $7.20 a tón, according to city officials, and it is predicted that 125,000 tons of coal will be displaced by fuel oil this season." And then the time is coming, we read in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, when "the preliminaries to obtaining heat for winter warmth or for manufacturing processes, or for whatever other purpose, will be the touching of a button, not the shoveling of coal." For, concludes this paper, a part of the superpower project now being worked out by engineers, "is the substitution of electricity for coal in the producing of power everywhere, on the railroads as well as in industrial establishments." When superpower has marched triumphant over this country, says a writer in the Washington Star, "it will have solved the coal problem, the transportation problem, and the labor problem." The statements of experts explaining the project are thus summed up and condensed in an editorial in The Outlook: "It may be produced in commercial quantities to retail at a cost of approximately two-thirds that of anthracite. It will provide a superior heat to anthracite and with less concern and inconvenience to the householder. Incidentally, the ashes, which are pulverized and free from clinkers, are an excellent fertilizer, due to its high potash content, and have a substantial commercial market value." Besides extensive peat-beds in Alaska, the reference books tell us that in the continental United States there are beds capable of yielding 12,888,500,000 tons of peat. Some day, observes the Chicago Tribune, householders are going to wonder why they ever broke their backs shoveling coal. "The furnace is back in a period of the oil-lamp." Continues the Chicago paper: "The oil-burner offers an intelligent step forward, and when people are convinced that a burner free from all objections is ready, anthracite will not be able to disturb any one's summer speculations. No doubt perfection has yet to be reached in the burner, but it will be. The oil-burning ship is superior to the coal-burner. Many householders who use oil could not be driven back to the drudgery of coal. Others are hesitating in what they consider reasonable doubt until the burner takes a better form. Some types make a noise. Others depend on electricity for ignition, and people fear a failure of current when the furnace is most needed. These are only incidents to the development and perfection of a model." "All over the country there are now plants for the production of electricity, and these are, of course, coupled up with their respective outlets for electric light and power. In certain cases these generating stations are separated two or three hundred miles from the place where the power is used. Given all these existing separate and independent sources of coal-or water-generated electrical energy, the present plan involves a nation-wide network of high-tension electric transmission lines, linking them into a single system. Thus their power will be pooled, so that any unusual demand at one place can easily be absorbed; while in like manner a temporary excess of power can flow to any other part of the network where it is needed. Such a system would be elastic. It would be economical and efficient. It has the engineering approval of Dr. Charles P. Steinmetz, as well as the approval from an economical point of view of Secretary Hoover. "The unified electrification of the nation would add annually over a billion dollars to its wealth. In addition to the linking of the many isolated power plants now in operation the network of lines covering all parts of the country would provide a widespread outlet for vast amounts of energy now going steadily to waste in hundreds of mountain streams. Again, the unification project would make a saving of 200,000,000 tons, or forty per cent., of the coal mined annually in this country. But many such installations are so situated with respect to the centers where |