The following table shows the number and percentage of children 6 and under 16 years of age, at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of child.

TABLE 208.-Number and per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age, at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of child.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more children born in the United States and also 20 or more children born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.]

The preceding table shows that of the children who are nativeborn whites, 4.2 per cent are at home, 93.8 per cent are at school, and 2.1 per cent are at work. Of the South Italian children who were born in the United States, none are at home; while 94.4 per cent are at school, and 5.6 per cent are at work. Of the South Italian children who were born abroad, 10 per cent are at home, while only 77.5 per cent are at school and 12.5 per cent are at work.

CITIZENSHIP.

The extent to which the foreign-born males in the households studied have acquired or manifested an interest in attaining citizenship is exhibited by the table next presented. The table shows, by race, the present political condition of foreign-born males who have been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of arrival in this country.

TABLE 209.-Present political condition of foreign-born males who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

Of 380 foreign-born males who have been in the United States five years or over, and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, 31.8 per cent are fully naturalized and 11.8 per cent have first papers only. The Swedish and German male employees show 84.5 per cent and 71 per cent, respectively, who are naturalized. The Lithuanian and Polish employees follow with 28.6 per cent and 20 per cent, respectively, while no males of the other specified races show as high as 20 per cent, and the Ruthenians only 2.6 per cent who are citizens. The Lithuanians show the highest per cent having first papers only and the Ruthenians the lowest per cent.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The extent to which foreign-born persons of non-English-speaking races, in the households studied, are able to speak English is set forth in the following series of tables. The first table presented shows, by sex and general nativity and race of individual, the percentage persons 6 years of age or over who speak English.

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TABLE 210.-Per cent of persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by sex and general nativity and race of individual.

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The totals, how ever, are for all non-English-speaking races.]

The preceding table includes 2,665 persons, 1,503 of whom are males and 1,162 females. Of the males 78 per cent and of the females 70.2 per cent speak English-74.6 per cent of the total number having acquired this knowledge. Over 98 per cent of both the males and females native-born of foreign father, as compared with 72.6 per cent of the foreign-born males and 57.4 per cent of the foreign-born females speak English. Of the foreign races, only one, the German, shows a larger proportion of females than males who speak English. The Russian with 54.3 per cent of the males and 4.8 per cent of the females, shows the lowest proportion of their total number who speak

English-the Swedish, with all the males and 98.2 per cent of the females showing the highest proportion.

All of those born in the United States whose fathers are of each specified race, except Poles, Slovaks, and Swedes, speak English.

The following table makes possible a comparison of the relative proportion of the younger and older immigrants of non-Englishspeaking races able to speak English. The table shows, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual, the percentage of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over, in the households studied, who speak English.

TABLE 211.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by age at time of coming to the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all non-English-speaking races.]

The following table shows that of 1,992 foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over, 91.8 per cent of those who were under 14 years of age at time of coming to the United States and 63.4 per cent of those who were 14 years of age or over at the time of coming to this country can speak English.

The Germans and the Swedes who were under 14 years of age at the time of coming to this country show 100 per cent, the Slovaks, the Ruthenians, the Lithuanians, and South Italians show over 90 per cent, and the Poles 75 per cent who were under 14 years of age at the time of coming, who can speak English. Of the foreign-born persons who were 14 years of age or over, at the time of coming to this country, and who can speak English, the Swedes show by far the highest per cent followed by the Slovaks, the Germans, the Lithuanians, the South Italians, the Poles, the Ruthenians, and the Russians, in the order named, in considerably smaller proportions. Only 34.6 per cent of the Russians are able to speak English.

The progress made by persons of non-English-speaking races in acquiring ability to speak English after stated periods of residence in this country is exhibited by the following table, which shows, by years in the United States and by race of individual, the per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over, in the households studied, who speak English.

TABLE 212.-Per cent of foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over who speak English, by years in the United States and race of individual.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only non-English-speaking races with 40 or more persons reporting. The total, however, is for all nonEnglish-speaking races.]

The preceding table shows that of 1,992 foreign-born persons 6 years of age or over, 36 per cent of those who have been in the United States under five years, 74.4 per cent of those who have been in this country from five to nine years, and 92.6 per cent of those with a residence of ten years or over can speak English. Of the foreignborn persons who have been in the United States under five years, the Slovaks show the highest and the Germans the lowest percentage who can speak English. Of the persons who have been in this country from five to nine years, the Swedes show 100 per cent as contrasted with only 50 per cent of the Russians who can speak English. Of the persons who have been in the United States ten years or over, the Germans show the highest and the Russians the lowest percentage who speak English.

At least 14 of the immigrant races have made some entrance into the business world. The following table shows the distribution of businesses among the races.

TABLE 213.—Immigrants and their children in business, by race and kind of business (street trades not included).

TABLE 213.-Immigrants and their children in business, by race and kind of business (street trades not included)—Continued.

With the exception of the Irish and the Germans, the entrance of immigrants and their children into the professions has been slight. Excluding the English and Scotch, races of comparatively early arrival and now exceedingly difficult to differentiate from the American, only 8 races of immigrant peoples are to be found in the professions and the total number of immigrants and their children represented in the list is only 64. In this total, teachers other than those of music are not included.

TABLE 214.—Immigrants and their children in the professions, by race.