TABLE 88.—Per cent of persons in each conjugal condition, by sex, age groups, and by general nativity and race of individual.

Of 1,919 persons 20 years of age or over the preceding table shows that 72.7 per cent are married, 23.6 per cent are single, and 3.7 per cent widowed. The foreign-born shows a larger proportion married than does the native whites born of native father, which in turn shows a larger proportion than the native-born of foreign father. The position of the nativity groups is reversed as regards those who are single, as the proportion who are widowed is small of each. Each race shows a larger proportion married than single. Of the total number in each age group it is seen that a larger proportion of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age are single than married, the reverse being true as regards those who are 30 years of age or over. The proportion who are widowed is noticeably large as regards those who are 45 years of age or over. Of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age the foreignborn is the only nativity group showing a larger proportion married than single, each nativity group showing that a larger proportion of those who are 30 years of age or over are married than single. Of the several races the French Canadian and Irish show a larger proportion of those who are from 20 to 29 years of age single than married. No race shows a larger proportion single than married among those who were 30 years of age or over. The proportion of French Canadians, English, Irish, and Slovaks in the 45 years of age or over group who are widowed is noticeably large. Very little difference is shown between the proportion of males and females 20 years of age or over who are in each conjugal condition. Of those within each specified age group, except 45 years or over, the difference is also small, the males 45 years of age or over showing a larger proportion married and a smaller proportion widowed than the females of this age.

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The table next presented shows, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of persons in the households studied within each specified age group.

TABLE 89.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table Includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.] MALE.

TABLE 89.-Per cent of persons within each age group, by sex and by general nativity and race of head of household-Continued.

Of 3,680 persons included in the foregoing table, practically the same proportion, or 20 per cent, are from 20 to 29 or 30 to 44 years of age-the proportion who are from 6 to 13, under 6, or 45 years of age or over, following in the order named, and less than 10 per cent being either from 14 to 15 or 16 to 19 years of age. No marked difference is shown between the proportions of each nativity group who are of each specified age. The several races are fairly well balanced among the various age groups except that of 45 years or over, where the races of older immigration, or the French Canadian, English, German, and Irish, show a much larger proportion than do the Hebrews, Poles, or Slovaks. The difference between the proportion of males and females in each specified age group is less than 5 per cent. Although certain races show a larger difference than this, in no case does it vary sufficiently to deserve specific reference.

CHAPTER VII.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Ownership of homes-Status of children in the households studied-CitizenshipAbility to speak English-[Text Tables 90 to 95 and General Tables 88 to 93].

OWNERSHIP OF HOMES.

Home ownership by families whose heads were of foreign birth may be considered not only an indication of thrift but also exhibits a tendency toward permanent settlement, and the facts in this connection relative to the families the heads of which are employed in Community A are set forth in the following table, according to general nativity and race of head of family.

TABLE 90.-Number and per cent of families owning home, by general nativity and race of head of family.

Of 742 families studied, 8.1 per cent own homes. The families. whose heads are native-born of foreign father show over 9 per cent owning homes, those whose heads are of foreign birth show over 8 per cent, and those whose heads are native-born whites of native father show 5.9 per cent.

Of the families whose heads are native-born of foreign father, those whose heads are of German parentage show a considerably higher percentage than the families whose heads are of Irish parentage who own homes. Of the families whose heads are of foreign birth, those

whose heads are Germans show 32.3 per cent owning homes, followed by the families whose heads are Irish with over 12 per cent and those whose heads are English with over 7 per cent owning homes. The families the heads of which are of other specified races show small proportions, while no families the heads of which are Hebrews own homes.

STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE HOUSEHOLDS STUDIED.

The status of children in the households studied may be seen from the following table, which shows, by general nativity and race of father and birthplace of child, the number and percentage of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work.

TABLE 91.— Number and per cent of children 6 and under 16 years of age at home, at school, and at work, by general nativity and race of father and by birthplace of child.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more children born in the United States and also 20 or more born abroad. The native-born of native father are shown for comparative purposes.]

The preceding table shows that of children born in the United States, whose fathers are native-born white, 96.7 per cent are at school, 2 per cent are at home, and 1.3 per cent are at work. The children born in the United States, as well as those born abroad, whose fathers are French Canadians or Poles, show a smaller proportion at school and a larger proportion at home or at work, than do native-born white children whose fathers are native-born. Of the children whose fathers are foreign-born it is seen that children who were born abroad of Polish parentage show the largest proportion at home or at work and the smallest proportion at school.

CITIZENSHIP.

The extent to which foreign-born males in the households studied in the community take an interest in acquiring, or have attained, citizenship is exhibited in the table following, which shows, by race of individual, the present political condition of foreign-born males in the households studied who had been in the United States five years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at the time of arrival in this country.