TABLE 78.—Average number of boarders or lodgers per household, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[Information relating to boarders or lodgers covers only immediate time of taking schedule and not the entire year. Boarders are persons who receive both board and lodging.]

Of 689 households included in the above table, 144 households keep a total of 352 boarders or lodgers. Taking the total number of households as a base, the average number of boarders or lodgers per household is 0.51, but taking the number of households keeping boarders or lodgers as a base, the average number is 2.44. The average number of boarders or lodgers per household is larger in the households whose heads are foreign-born than in those the heads of which are native-born, of either native or foreign father.

Considering the households, the heads of which are foreign-born, by race, it is seen that those the heads of which are Polish or Slovak show the highest average number of boarders or lodgers per household.

SIZE OF APARTMENTS OCCUPIED.

The range in size of apartments occupied by the households is indicated in the table following, which shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms.

TABLE 79.—Per cent of households occupying apartments of each specified number of rooms, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

Of 689 households, the preceding table shows that the largest proportion, or 36.4 per cent, occupy apartments of 4 rooms-35.8 per cent occupying apartments of 5 rooms, 11.6 per cent occupying apartments of 6 rooms, and 7.7 per cent occupying apartments of 3, or 7 or more, rooms. A larger proportion of the households whose heads are foreign-born than of those the heads of which are nativeborn of either native or foreign father, occupy apartments of each specified number of rooms under 5, while a larger proportion of the households, the heads of which are native-born of native father, than of either those whose heads are native-born of foreign father, or of those whose heads are foreign-born, occupy apartments of each specified number of rooms above 5, those whose heads are nativeborn of foreign father showing the largest, and those the heads of which are foreign-born the smallest, proportion occupying apartments of 5 rooms. The households whose heads are native whites born of native father show the highest and those the heads of which are foreign-born the lowest average number of rooms per apartment. Considering the households whose heads are foreign-born, by race, it is seen that those whose heads are Polish or Slovak are the only ones showing a proportion occupying apartments of 2 rooms, and those whose heads are Irish are the only ones not showing a proportion occupying apartments of 3 rooms-those whose heads are Ŝlovaks showing the largest proportion occupying apartments of that number of rooms. Over 60 per cent of the households whose heads are French Canadians or English, over 70 per cent of those whose heads are Germans, Hebrews, Irish, or Slovaks, and over 80 per cent of those whose heads are Poles occupy apartments of 4 and 5 rooms.

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Over 10 per cent of the households whose heads are of each race, except the Hebrew, Polish, and Slovak groups, occupy apartments of 6 rooms, and less than 10 per cent of those the heads of which are of each race, except English and Irish, occupy apartments of 7 or

more rooms.

SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS.

The following table exhibits the range in the size of the households studied by showing, according to general nativity and race of head of household, the percentage of households of each specified number of persons.

TABLE 80.--Per cent of households of each specified number of persons, by general nativity and race of head of household.

(STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS.)

[This table includes only races with 20 or more households reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.}

The preceding table shows that of the 689 households 18.1 per cent are composed of 4 persons, and households of 3, 5, 6, 2, and 7 persons follow with smaller proportions in the order named. Less than 10 per cent are households of 8, 9, or 10 or more persons. A smaller proportion of the households the heads of which are foreign-born than of those whose heads are native-born, of either native or foreign father, are households of each specified number of persons under 6, while a larger proportion are of each specified number of persons above 5. None of the households whose heads are native-born, of either native or foreign father, as compared with 8.9 per cent of those the heads of which are foreign-born, are households of 10 or more persons. A greater degree of congestion exists in the households the heads of which are Polish and Slovak than in those the heads of which are of any other race, as over 50 per cent of these households are composed of 7 or more persons.

CONGESTION.

Preceding tables indicate the extent to which crowding prevails in the households of the community. The degree of congestion and its effects upon living arrangements is more directly set forth in the following series of tables. The first table presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons in apartments of each specified number of rooms.

The table next submitted shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room:

TABLE 81.—Average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

The above table shows that in 689 households there is an average of 5.34 persons per apartment, 1.12 persons per room, and an average number of persons per sleeping room of 2.11. The households whose heads are foreign-born show a higher average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room than do the households whose heads are native-born of either native or foreign father, the households whose heads are native-born of native father showing the lowest average number of persons in each instance. Of the households whose heads are of each specified race, those whose heads are English show the lowest, and those whose heads are Polish_the highest, average number of persons per apartment, per room, and per sleeping room.

The table next presented shows, by general nativity and race of head of household, the number and per cent of households having each specified number of persons per room.

TABLE 82.-Persons per room, by general nativity and race of head of household.

Of 689 households studied in the above table, none have as many as 4 persons per room, 0.7 per cent have 3 or more, 10.3 per cent have 2 or more, and 63.6 per cent have 1 or more. None of the households whose heads are native-born, whether of native or foreign father, have more than one person per room, but 13.4 per cent of the foreignborn have two or more and 0.9 per cent have as many as three. The households whose heads are Poles or Slovaks show 94.8 and 90.3 per cent, respectively, with 1 or more persons per room, as compared with less than 80 per cent of the households the heads of which are of any other race. Households the heads of which are Poles and Slovaks show 35.1 per cent and 29 per cent, respectively, having 2 or more persons per room, as compared with less than 10 per cent of the households the heads of which are of any other given race; the two first mentioned also show 3.1 per cent and 6.5 per cent, respectively, having 3 or more persons per room, as compared with none of the households the heads of which are of any other race.