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Form Number

I-212

I-221

I-243

I-246

I-256A

I-272

I-275

I-290B
I-291
I-292

I-305

I-327

I-352

I-356

I-357

I-358

I-360

I-361

I-363

I-408

I-409

I-418

I-438

I-485

I-508

I-515

I-538

I-539

I-541

I-542

I-543

I-546

I-551

I-566

I-571

I-589
I-643

I-644
I-688A

I-690

I-693

I-694

I-695

I-697A

I-698

I-699

Title

Application for Permission to Reapply for Admission into the United States after Deportation or Removal.

Order to Show Cause and Notice of Hearing.

Application for Removal.

Application for Stay of Deportation.

Application for Suspension of Deportation.

Letter RE Action Application for Permission to Reapply for
Admission into the United States.

Notice of Visa Cancellation/Border Crossing Card Voidance.
Notice of Appeal to the Administrative Appeals Unit.
Decision on Application for Status as Permanent Resident.
Decision.

Receipt of Immigration Officer--U.S. Bonds or Notes, or
Cash, Accepted as Security on Immigration Bond.

Permit to Reenter the United States.

Immigration Bond.

Request for Cancellation of Public Charge Bond.
Welcome to the United States of America.

To Visitors Entering the United States.

Petition for Amerasian, Widow(er), or Special Immigrant.
Affidavit of Financial Support and Intent to Petition for
Legal Custody for Public Law 97-359 Amerasian.

Request to Enforce Affidavit of Financial Support and In-
tent to Petition for Custody for Public Law 97-359
Amerasian.

Application to Payoff or Discharge Alien Crewman.
Report of Deserting Crewman.

Passenger List-Crew List.

Departure Information Card.

Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Sta

tus.

Waiver of Rights, Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities.
Notice to Student or Exchange Visitor.

Certification by Designated School Official.

Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status.

Order of Denial of Application for Extension of Stay or Student Employment or Student Transfer.

Information and Instructions to Nonimmigrants.

Order of Denial of Application for Change of Nonimmigrant
Status.

Order to Appear-Deferred Inspection.

Alien Registration Receipt Card.

Interagency Record of Individual Requesting Change/Adjustment to, or from, A or G Status, or Requesting A or G Dependent Employment Authorization.

Refugee Travel Document.

Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Deportation.
Health and Human Services Statistical Data for Refugee/
Asylee Adjusting Status.

Supplementary Statement for Graduate Medical Trainees.
Employment Authorization Card.

Application for Waiver of Grounds of Excludability (under
sections 245A or 210 of the Immigration and Nationality
Act).

Medical Examination of Aliens Seeking Adjustment of Status.

Notice of Appeal of Decision under Section 210 or 245A of
the Immigration and Nationality Act.

Application for Replacement of Form I-688A, Employment
Authorization, or Form I-688, Temporary Residence Card.
Change of Address Card for Legalization and Special Agri-
cultural Workers (SAW) and Replacement Agricultural
Workers (RAW).

Application to Adjust Status from Temporary to Permanent
Resident (under Section 245A of P.L. 99-603).
Certificate of Satisfactory Pursuit.

Form Number

I-730

I-736

I-751

I-760

I-765

1-775

1-777

I-791
I-797
I-803

I-805

I-817

I-821
I-824

I-829

I-833

M-9

M-50

M-76

M-122

M-132

M-188

M-195

M-201

M-230

M-233

M-249

M-250

M-272

M-279

M-282

M-286

M-287

M-288

M-289

M-290

M-291

M-302

M-303

M-304
M-308

N-14A

N-17

N-25

N-300

N-340

N-400

N-404

N-422

N-426

N-430

N-445

N-455

Title

Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition.
Guam Visa Waiver Information.

Petition To Remove Conditions on Residence.
Guam Visa Waiver Agreement.

Application for Employment Authorization.
Visa Waiver Pilot Program Carrier Agreement.

Application for Issuance or Replacement of Northern Mari-
ana Card.

Visa Waiver Pilot Program Information Form.
Notice of Action.

Petition for Attorney General Recognition to Provide
Courses of Study for Legalization: Phase II

Application for Temporary Resident Status as Replenish-
ment Agricultural Worker (SAW) (Section 210 of the Im-
migration and Nationality Act).

Application for Voluntary Departure under the Family
Unity Program.

Application for Temporary Protected Status.

Application for Action on an Approved Application or Peti

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United States Immigration Laws General Information.
A Welcome to U.S.A. Citizenship.

Availability of Citizenship Education Films.

Education Requirements for Naturalized Citizenship.
Appeals and Motions.

Nonimmigrant Students and Exchange Visitors-Documen-
tary Requirements for Admission to the United States.
Employment of F-1 and M-1 Nonimmigrant Students in
the United States.

Basic Guide to Naturalization.

Directory of Voluntary Agencies.

The Immigration of Adopted and Prospective Adoptive Children.

INS Orphan Petition Procedures at a Glance.

Manual-The Immigration of Permanent Foreign Worker.
Your Job and Your Rights.

Notice to Special Agricultural Workers.

A Reference Manual for Citizenship Instruction.
Citizenship Education and Naturalization Information.
U.S. History 1600-1987, Level II.
U.S. History 1600–1987, Level I.

U.S. Government Structure, Level II.
U.S. Government Stucture, Level I.

Citizenship Education & Naturalization Information, ESL.
U.S. Government Structure/English Second Language.
U.S. States History: 1600–1987/English Second Language.
Guide for SAW Applicants.

Arrival Information.

Naturalization Requirements and General Information.
Request for Verification of Naturalization.

Application to File Declaration of Intention.

Notice of Interview.

Application for Naturalization.

Request for Withdrawal of Petition for Naturalization.
Form Letter Request for Information From Selective Service
File.

Request for Certification of Military or Naval Service.

Request that Applicant for Naturalization Appear for Interview.

Notice of Naturalization Oath Ceremony.

Application for Transfer of Petition for Naturalization.

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X. BRIEF HISTORY OF UNITED STATES IMMIGRATION

POLICY

[Prepared by Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress; #91141 EPW; January 25, 1991; statistical citations and tables updated by Office of the Legislative Counsel, House of Representatives]

A. SUMMARY

The early colonists were primarily of European stock, representing the nations which claimed the "new" land. By the end of the 18th century, a new society was effectively established here, taking its language and many of its customs from England. The mass migration of the 19th century was the result of a near perfect match between the needs of a new country and Europe. Europe at this time was undergoing drastic social change and economic reorganization, compounded by overpopulation. America needed immigrants for settlement, defense, and economic wellbeing. During the period 1820-1880, Germany, Great Britain, and Ireland accounted for the largest numbers.

In the last two decades of the 19th century, the volume of immigration continued to increase and the main sources shifted from Northern and Western to Southern and Eastern Europe. The Federal Government assumed an increasingly active role, with the first general immigration statute enacted in 1882. While the United States remained willing and able to absorb the mass migration during the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, the country's needs had changed. The frontier had closed, and the "new" immigrants, as they were characterized by the Dillingham Commission, fueled the industrialization and urbanization of America. However, there was growing ambivalence toward the urban immigrants by a predominantly rural country.

By the end of World War I, the era of mass migration was brought to a close by the enactment of increasingly restrictive legislation. Legislation enacted in 1917 codified existing restrictions and added new ones. During the 1920s, numerical restrictions were placed on immigration from the Eastern Hemisphere in the form of the national origins quota system. The 1917 and 1924 laws remained in effect until 1952. Immigration fell sharply during the intervening years in response to the depression of the 1930s and World War II, as well as the legislative restrictions.

Legislation in 1952 codified and carried forward the essential elements of the 1917 and 1924 Acts. Enacted over President Truman's veto, it reflected the cold war atmosphere and anti-communism of the period following World War II at the onset of the Korean War. While the national origins quota system remained in place until 1965, many refugees, immigrants, and legal and illegal temporary workers entered outside it. Reflecting a major change in public attitudes toward race and national origins, 1965 legislation repealed the national origins quota system, replacing it with a system based primarily on reunification of families and needed skills.

Since 1965, the major sources of immigration have shifted from Europe to Latin America and Asia, reversing the trend of two centuries. In the 1970s, the entry of aliens outside the restrictions of the basic law-both illegally as undocumented aliens, and legally as refugees-was increasingly the dominant pattern in immigration and the basis for the major issues confronting the Congress. A series of major laws were enacted in the 1980s through 1990, consisting of the Refugee Act of 1980, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, and the Immigration Act of 1990.

B. INTRODUCTION

U.S. immigration policy has been shaped not only by the perceived needs of this country, but by the needs and aspirations of the immigrants themselves. This paper reviews the major streams of immigration to the United States in the context of the country's changing views of immigration.

During the initial immigration of settlers and pioneers to the first European colonies on the North American continent, the objectives of the immigrants and their sending colonial powers were dominant-a complex blend of religious, political, and economic motives which eventually produced the new American society.

Following the establishment of the United States at the end of the 18th century, a wave of mass migration flowed from the European continent to the new nation throughout the 19th century. For the immigrants, economic, religious, and political motives continued to be dominant. The United States' goals in receiving them included the need for new citizens who would participate in national economic and political growth, as well as the humanitarian desire to provide a refuge for the oppressed of other lands. During this period, there were few restrictions on the entering immigrants; our national purposes coincided with essentially unlimited immigration.

As the Nation entered the 20th century, cultural conflicts resulting from the changing ethnic character of the immigrant population from Northern and Western Europe to Southern and Eastern Europe, and economic strains in the Nation began to generate domestic political opposition to unrestricted immigration. Following World War I, this political opposition led to restrictive legislation focusing predominantly on the ethnic origins of the new immigrants, and also on the size of the immigrant flow. By the 1930s this legislation, in combination with the economic disincentive of the Great Depression, had resulted in a massive reduction in the inflow of immigrants.

Following World War II and continuing through the 1950s, the pattern of immigration as we know it today began to emerge, consisting of immigrants, refugees, and temporary and/or undocumented workers. Refugees came by the hundreds of thousands, fleeing the ravages of World War II and the spread of communism. Immigrants continued to come primarily under the terms of the national origins quota system, which was extended with minor revisions in 1952, and continued in effect until 1965. Agricultural workers came from Mexico, some legally as braceros and others illegally-the historical predecessors of today's undocumented aliens.

The distinction between refugees and immigrants became firmly established during the period following World War II, and has continued until the present time. Defined broadly, refugees flee, generally in large groups, from political or religious persecution; immigrants come voluntarily, generally on an individual basis and in an orderly fashion. A third group, illegal or undocumented aliens, come outside the law, generally for economic reasons.

In the case of immigrants, the purposes and goals of the United States as defined in Federal immigration law are dominant in deciding who comes. The admission of refugees is also subject to Federal legislation, but it has tended to be in reaction to events beyond the control of either the receiving society or the refugees themselves.

The distinction between immigrants and refugees was unheard of during the mass migrations of the 19th century, no difference was perceived between the Irish fleeing the potato famine and the German "forty-eighters" fleeing political persecution. It developed in the wake of World War II, primarily as a means of reconciling our traditional ideal of asylum with restrictions in the immigration law.

Since the 1940s, the goals and purposes of our immigration policy have diverged regarding the admission of refugees and immigrants. In the case of refugees, humanitarian concerns and foreign policy considerations have been dominant. Domestic, as opposed to foreign, policy considerations have been paramount in the admission of immigrants. The United States' desire in the 1920s to protect and preserve what was then seen as its national ethnic heritage led to the adoption of the national origins quota system. This system was repealed in the context of the civil rights movement of the 1960s, rather than on the predominantly foreign policy grounds for change advanced in the 1950s by Presidents Truman and Eisenhower.

1A table prepared by the Immigration and Naturalization Service entitled, Immigration by Region and Selected Country of Last Residence, Fiscal Years 1820-1993, appears as Table 1 at the end of this Appendix.

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