Fielding, Henry, b. at Sharpham
Park, 1707; founder of the English
family was a German count in Eng-
land, who in the 13th century took the
name; sent to Eton; at the University
of Leyden for two years; returned and
wrote dramas; married, 1735; spent
his wife's fortune; commenced the
practice of law in 1740; Joseph An-
drews, his first novel, 1742; others
followed, greatest of which was Tom
Jones; an editor and a pamphleteer;
d. 1754..
Filmer, Sir H.

Fletcher, Giles.

Fletcher, Phineas.

Florio..

Ford..

Forster..

.229-33
.202
164
..164

99
..148
.279
70

Fortescue, Sir John.
Fox, John, b. in Boston, Lincolnshire,
1517; tutor in the family of Sir
Thos. Lucy; accused of heresy, 1545;
expelled from his fellowship of Mag-
dalen College; retired to the Conti-
nent; Book of Martyrs, 1563; d. 1587.
94

Franklin, Benj..
330, 335-8
Fuller, Thomas, b. at Aldwinkle,
1608; graduated at Cambridge, 1628;
prebendary of Sarum, 1631; member
of the Convocation, 1640; chaplain
in the King's army, 1644-46; rector of
Waltham, 1648-58; Church History,
1656; chaplain extraordinary to Chas.
II., 1660; Worthies of England after
his death, 1662; d. 1661.... .152, 154-57
Further Remarks..
18, 19
Gascoigne, b. in Essex, about 1535;
served in Holland under the Prince of

Orange; a courtier and an attendant
of Elizabeth's; d. 1577.....
92, 124
Gay, b. in Devonshire, 1688; published
Rural Sports, dedicated to Pope, 1711;
secretary to the Duchess of Marlbor-
ough, 1712; secretary to Clarendon,
ambassador to Hanover, 1714; Tri-
via, 1715; lost his money in the South
Sea Bubble, and was a dependant on
the bounty of Duke of Queensberry
from 1727 on; Fables and Beggar's

Opera, 1727; d. 1732.......
Galt, John..

.195, 211
.277

43

Geoffrey of Monmouth.
Gibbon, Edward, b. at Putney, 1737;
studied at Westminster and Oxford;
a Roman Catholic, 1753; placed under
a Protestant minister at Lausanne,
Switzerland, 1753-8; studied history,
and Latin and French literature there;
entered parliament as a Tory, 1774;
a member of the board of trade; lived
at Lausanne, 1783-93; chiefly occupied
with The Decline and Fall-the first
vol. appearing in 1776, and the last in
1788; d. 1794..
..233-39
Godwin, Wm..
269
Goldsmith, Oliver, b. at Pallas, Ire-
land, 1728; graduated at Dublin, 1749;
prepared for the ministry, but rejected
by the bishop; sent to London by his un-
cle to study law, but on the way spent
his money in gaming; studied medi-
cine 18 months, 1752-4, in Edinburgh;
lived abroad, 1754-6, chiefly at Leyden;
with one clean shirt and no money, he
set out on foot for a tour of Europe;
in London, 1756; a proof-reader, an
usher, and a hack writer; published
Present State of Literature in Europe,
1759; Citizen of the World, 1760; The
Traveller, 1764; Vicar of Wakefield,
1766; The Good Natured Man, 1767;
Deserted Village, 1770; She Stoops to
Conquer, 1773; a member of Johnson's
celebrated literary club; d. 1774.
211, 229, 235, 242, 246

have been chief justice of the com-
mon pleas; blind in 1400; and d. 1408

45, 46

95

..246

72

Herrick, Robert..

Grafton..
Gray, Thomas, b. in London, 1716; ed-
ucated at Eton and at Cambridge, vis-
ited France and Italy, 1739, with Hor-
ace Walpole; took his degree of
bachelor of civil law, 1742; his Elegy,
1749; refused the laureateship, made
vacant by the death of Cibber; made
professor of modern history at Cam-
bridge, 1769; d. in 1771......
Greek taught in England..
Greene, Robert, b. at Norwich, 1560;
B.A. at Cambridge, 1578; travelled in
Italy and Spain; associated with
Lodge, Peele, and Marlowe; novelist,
poet, and dramatist; published a
pamphlet, A Groatsworth of Wit
Bought with a Million of Repent-
ance, warning his co-workers against
the

"upstart crow" [Shakespeare]
"beautified with their feathers;" d.
of a drunken debauch, 1592... ..126
Habington..
.164
100

Hakluyt..
Hales, John..
Hall, Joseph..

.201

..162

Hallam, Arthur, b. at Windsor, 1777;
educated at Eton and Oxford; studied
law; contributed to the Ed. Rev.;
Europe during the Middle Ages, 1818;
Constitutional History of England,
1827; Introduction to the Literature
of Europe, 1838-9; Literary Essays
and Characters, 1852; d. 1859.........277
Hamilton, Sir Wm., b. at Glasgow,
Scotland, 1788; in the University of
Glasgow, 1803-6; in Oxford, 1807-10;
studied law; in 1816 claimed the title
of Sir in abeyance in his family for
nearly a century before him; visited
Germany, 1817, and again, 1820; a can-
didate for the chair of moral philoso-
phy, in the Un. of Ed., vacant by the
death of Dr. Brown; town council
elected John Wilson (Christopher
North); professor of history in the
University, 1821; in 1829 wrote his cele-
brated criticism of Cousin, the Philoso-

Heywood, John..
Historical Sketches,

ΤΟ

120

.202

362-5

38

.164

..162

123

.259
.269

20, 36, 69, 91, 151, 187-8, 225, 268-9
Hobbes, Thomas, b. at Malmesbury,
1588; educated at Oxford; in 1610,
travelled as tutor to the future Earl
of Devonshire; translated Thucydides,
1628; Human Nature, 1650; Levia-
than, 1651; a royalist in the civil war;
tutor to Charles II., then in Paris, in
1647; received a pension of £100 after
the Restoration; d.at the seat of his pa-
tron, the Earl of Devonshire, 1679....202
Hogg, James.
Holcroft.
Holinshed, place and time of birth un-
known; Shakespeare and historians
borrowed largely from him; d. about
1580...
95
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, biogra-
phy and works, see text...
351-6
Hood, Thomas, b. in London, 1798;
sub-editor of London Magazine, 1821;
Whims and Oddities, 1826; published
many tales and poems; editor
of New Monthly Magazine; began
Hood's Magazine, 1844; d. 1845......367
Hooker, Richard, b. at Heavytree,
1553; graduated at Oxford; ordained
1581; married a scolding wife; Master
of the Temple, 1585; he and his col-
league in the ministry, Walter Trav-
ers, a Calvinist, did not agree; retired
to the rectory of Boscombe, 1591;
Ecclesiastical Polity, 1594-7; rector
of Bishopsbourne from 1595 till his
death in 1600......
98, 103, 104

How this Work is to be Studied.

15.

.277

Hope, Thomas......
Hume, David, b. in Edinburgh, 1711;
entered Edinburgh University; began
mercantile life, but soon gave it up;
went to France; Treatise on Human
Nature, 1738; the first part of Moral
and Political Essays, 1741-2; reputa-
tion for skepticism prevented his get-
ting the chair of moral philosophy in
the University, 1744; Inquiry concern-
ing the Human Understanding, 1747;
librarian of the Advocates' Library in
Edinburgh, 1751-6; 1st vol of his His-
tory of England, 1754; Inquiry con-
cerning the Principles of Morals, 1752;
visited Paris, 1763; under-secretary of
state, 1767-8; chief of the literary cir-
cle in Edinburgh; d. 1776....
Inchbald, Mrs...

233
229

..82, 83

Irving, Washington, biography and
works, see text..
.344-350.
James the First of Scotland, b. 1394;
sent to France, 1405; seized by a Brit-
ish fleet; brought to London and
thrown into the Tower; released, 1424,
after 19 years captivity, and restored
to his kingdom; checked the arro-
gance of the Scottish nobles; a con-
spiracy against him; assassinated,
1437..
Johnson, Samuel, b. at Litchfield,
1709; entered Pembroke College, Ox-
ford, 1728; compelled to leave, 1731;
was usher and hack-writer; married
in 1736, and opened an academy in
London, 1737; made literature his call-
ing; London appeared in 1738; re-
ported the debates in Parliament for
the Gent. Magazine, 1740; Life of
Savage, 1744; Vanity of Human
Wishes, 1749; at work on the Diction-
ary, 1747-55; wrote Rasselas within a
single week; a pension settled upon
him, 1762; the centre of the famous
Literary Club formed in 1764; visited
Scotland and the Hebrides, 1773; Lives

of the Poets, 1779-81; lived a long
while in the family of Mrs. Thrale; d.
1784, and was buried in West. Abbey.
235, 241, 242
Jonson, Ben, b. at Westminster,
1574; entered Cambridge, 1790;
forced by poverty to leave, and to as-
sist his step-father, a mason; disgusted
with this labor, enlisted in the army
in Flanders; returned, killed a brother-
actor in a duel; while in prison be-
came a Roman Catholic, but returned
to the Church of England; his great
plays, 1596-1612; Masques, subsequent-
ly; poet-laureate, 1619, with a pension
of £100 and a tierce of canary; inti-
mate with Shakespeare; d. 1637, and
buried in Westminster Abbey, with
"O rare Ben Jonson" inscribed on
his tombstone....
138-146
Keats, John, b. in London, 1796; edu-
cated at Enfield; apprenticed to a sur-
geon, 1810; his first poem, 1817; Endy-
mion, severely criticised in Black-
wood, and in the Quarterly Review,
1818; third vol., 1820; was wasting
away with consumption, and set out
for Rome, where he died, 1821. Was
buried in the Protestant cemetery
there, and on his stone is this inscrip-
tion: Here lies one whose name was
writ in water...

Ken, Bishop..

Killingfleet..

.406-10

.193

..201

51

.278-80
99

King's English in 14th Century,

Kingsley, Charles..
Knolles...

Langland, b. probably at Cleobury
Mortimer, 1332; educated at Oxford;
a fellow of Oriel College; attached to
the monastery of Great Malvern;
and d. about 1400.......
.......40-42
Latimer Hugh, b. in Leicestershire,
1491; graduated at Cambridge; took
holy orders; an eloquent preacher of
the reformed religion; chaplain to
Anne Boleyn, and bishop of Worces-
ter, 1535; resigned his bishopric,
1539; imprisoned in the Tower till
1547; burned at the stake, 1555, with

Lingard, John, b. at Winchester, 1771;
studied at Douay; ordained a Roman
Catholic priest, 1795; published His-
tory of England, 1819-25; declined a
cardinal's hat soon after; author of
History of the A. S. Church; d. 1851. 278.
Locke, John, b. at Wrington, 1632;
educated at Christ's College, Oxford;
secretary of legation at Berlin, 1664 or
1665; in 1667 a member of the Earl of
Shaftesbury's family, and directed the
education of his son and grandson;
visited the south of France for his
health in 1675; with his patron in Hol-
land from 1683-8; filled several civil
offices on his return to England; On
the Conduct of the Understanding,
1690; Letters on Toleration, 1689-92;
last days spent at the house of Sir
Francis Masham; d. 1704....202-3, 206-8
Lockhart, John Gibson, b. at Cam-
busnethan, Scotland, 1794; studied at
Glasgow U., 1807-10; graduated from
Baliol College, Ox., as bachelor of law;
contributor to Blackwood, 1817; mar-
ried Sophia, daughter of Scott, 1820;
Editor of Quar. Rev., 1826-53; Life of
Burns, appeared 1825; Life of Scott,
1837-9; d. 1854 at Abbotsford, the seat
of his daughter, Lady Hope, the only
surviving descendant of Sir Walter,
277, 279
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth,biog-
raphy and works, see text.......438-46

Lyndsay, Sir David, b. 1490; in the
service of the prince, afterwards King
James V. of Scotland, 1512-1524; d.
1557

.85, 86
Macaulay, Lord, b. at Rothley Tem-
ple, 1800; entered Trinity College,
Camb., 1818; admitted to the bar,
1826; essay on Milton, 1826; M. P. in
1830; made celebrated speeches on the
Reform bill, 1830-32, and on the re-
newal of the charter of the East India
Co., 1833; was in India, 1835–8; M. P.
for Edinburgh, 1838-47; 1st and 2d
vols. of History of England, 1848:
rector of the U. of Glasgow, in 1849:
3d and 4th vols. of History, in 1855;
Baron Macaulay in 1857; d. 1859.

.72

.219

49

Mallory, Sir Thomas..
Mandeville, Bernard.
Mandeville, Sir John, b. at St. Albans
about 1300; educated for an M.D.; set
out for the East, 1322; saw service
in Egypt with the Sultan; penetrated
to China; returned, and, 34 years after
he began his travels, wrote his Mun-
chausen account of them; d. at Liege,
Belgium, 1372..
Marlowe, b. at Canterbury, 1564; grad-
uated at Cambridge, 1583; first part of
Tamburlaine, 1586; Edward II., 1598;
many other plays; d. of a wound re-
ceived in a quarrel, 1593..
Marryatt, Capt..
Marvell, Andrew.
Massinger
Mathers, The

126-131
277
.163, 191

.147
328

Mill, John Stuart, b. in London, 1806;
educated by his father; read Greek at
the age of three; went to France:
studied law; was a clerk in the East
India Co. for 35 years; contributed to

.279

the West. Rev., and from 1835 to '40
was its principal conductor; System
of Logic, 1843; Political Economy,
1848; On Liberty, and Dissertations
and Discussions, 1859; M. P., 1865;
resided henceforth' near Avignon,
France; married Mrs. Taylor, 1851;
published many other works; d. 1873.
After his death his Autobiography,
and the Three Essays appeared....307
Milman, Dean..
Milton, b. in London, Dec. 9, 1608; en-
tered Christ's College, Cambridge,
1625; left Cambridge, 1632; gave up
intention of being a minister; spent 5
years at home, Horton; after the
death of his mother in 1637, visited
Leyden, Paris, and Rome; on his
return taught a few pupils; married
Mary Powell, 1643; she left him in one
month, but returned; Latin secretary
to the Council of State, the executive
branch of the Government, 1649-60;
blind, 1654; married Catharine Wood-
stock in 1656, and Elizabeth Minshull
in 1663; Paradise Lost, 1667; Paradise
Regained, and Samson Agonistes,1671;
d. 1674. He and his widow realized
£18 from Paradise Lost.

165-172, 174-176, 180-186

More, Sir Thomas, b. in London, 1478;
entered Oxford in 1497, where he
studied Greek; studied law at Lin-
coln's Inn; an under-sheriff of London,
1502; M. P., 1504; Hist. of Rich. III.,
1513; sent on a mission to Flanders,
1514; Utopia, 1518; treasurer of the
exchequer, 1521; Speaker of the House
of Commons, 1523; Lord Chancellor,
1529; beheaded July 6, 1535, for re-
fusing to take the oath of supremacy
to Henry VIII. "See me safe up,"
he said to one helping him up the
scaffold, "for my coming down I can

.421-8

.351

shift for myself." As the axe was
about to fall, he moved aside his beard,
saying, "Pity that should be cut that
has not committed treason".....73, 74
Morris, William, b. 1834; Life and
Death of Jason, 1865; The Earthly
Paradise, 1868; a translation of The
Eneid, 1876.
Motley, John Lothrop, biography
and works, see text....
Napier, Sir Wm., b. at Castletown,
Ireland, 1785; entered the army, 1800;
captain, 1804; went with Sir John
Moore to Portugal, 1808; was in the
great battles of the Peninsular War;
major, 1811; lieutenant-colonel, 1813;
published History of the War in the
Peninsula, 1828-40; colonel, 1830;
major-general, 1841; knighted, 1848;
Lieutenant-general, 1851; published
other works; d. 1860..
Nevile, Henry.

.279

..202

Newton, Sir Isaac, b. at Woolsthorpe,
1642; entered Trinity, Cambridge; dis-
covered the binomial theorem, 1664,
and the theory of fluxions, 1665; con-
structed a refracting telescope, 1668;
professor of mathematics, 1669; dis-
covered that light consists of rays of
different refrangibility, about 1669;
lectured on optics, 1669-71; author of
the Emission theory of light; fellow
of Royal Society, 1672; Picard having
accurately measured an arc of the
earth's surface, Newton resumed,
1684, a work respecting universal
gravitation, laid aside 16 years before
because of incorrect data concerning
the size of the earth; he was so agitated
by the proof that the orbit of the moon
is curved by the force which causes
the fall of an apple, working accord-
ing to the same law, that he was
obliged, it is said, to call in a friend to
finish the calculation; Principia, 1687;
M.P. for Cambridge, 1689, and again,
1703; a story, discredited by his biog-
rapher, Brewster, is told, that in 1692
his dog Diamond upset a burning
candle among his papers, destroying
the work of 20 years; made master of