tion, regardless of whether the premise was based upon truth and observation of facts. The inductive method seeks to find a conclusion based upon the observation of a fact or a tangible object; hence, if its conclusions are in accord with its observation the whole is correct.

Reason is particularly adapted to the discernment and elucidation of natural laws. It was designed that man should be master of these laws, else the law-seeking faculty would not have been given him, and, although daring inquirers into the truths of Nature have lived in all ages of the world, yet the force of superstitious unreason was sufficiently powerful to stifle and postpone for centuries the widespread dissemination of laws and principles which Galileo, Bruno, and Bacon dared to avow, and for which they suffered.

The sort of Comparison which is used in the ordinary routine of daily life and in business is the same which the poet and orator use when engaged in giving vent to their thoughts by pen and voice. What makes it seem different is because it is combined with faculties different from those used in ordinary affairs. Ideality or imagination influences them. Mirthfulness and Wit, Constructiveness, Form, Size, and Language enable them to paint their illustrations of resemblances and differences in the forms of apt, mirthful, or witty simile, allegory, metaphor, or parable. Figures of speech result from an excess of Comparison, and all the great rhetoricians are indebted to this trait for their appropriate and convincing analogies, which often convince where argument fails. The philologist's labors are perfected through his ability to compare words, sentences, phrases, and languages. Comparison enables him to see incongruities and resemblances, and to generalize and classify the different parts of speech in diverse languages and dialects. The signs of this trait are large in the face of Noah Webster, compiler of the great "Unabridged Dictionary;" also in that of Mezzofanti, the linguist, who could express himself in fifty-six languages and was acquainted with sixty-four others. Comparison shines pre-eminent in the face of Bunyan, whose allegory of "The Pilgrim's Progress" has been translated into every civilized language. The portrait of Thomas Moore, the Irish poet, also exhibits it very largely. It was remarked that in his life of Sheridan "he made use of two thousand five hundred similes, besides metaphors and allegorical expressions."

It is this trait which gives the orator such convincing powers in setting figures of speech in "supposing a case," and when combined with the mechanical faculties the illustrations will be drawn from these sources, and in combination with Observation, Locality,

Form, and Memory of Events, historical powers will be manifested, as in Gibbon. With large Language added, it enables one to write on this subject. Eminent chess-players disclose large Comparison combined with Constructiveness, Form, Size, Locality, and Observation, as observed in the physiognomy of Herr Zukertort.

Comparison is so universal a faculty that it has existed in all historic ages, in nearly all races, and in combination with all phases of mentality. The German and Scotch equally possess the most universal endowment of this trait; the English come second, the Americans third, and the French possess the least; yet men and women noted for Comparison have developed in every civilized race. A high degree of Comparison has been also manifested among some savage races, notably among the North American Indians, whose orators and poets have exhibited its action in their speeches and poetry. Their foreheads, it will be observed, are usually receding, and this form of the forehead is often found associated with the most practical characters. The forehead of John Locke (renowned for his philosophical writings) presents this formation; so, also, does that of Arkwright, the eminent inventor. Many of our most eloquent orators exhibit receding foreheads. This shape of the forehead, when combined with a good endowment of Causality and Comparison, reveals reason of the most acute, accurate, and penetrating phase; for the receding forehead is one of the signs of an active liver and large lungs, and activity of these organs gives clearness, distinctness, and analytical power to the mind. Not only does this form disclose penetration, but it is indicative of the presence of the mechanical and observing faculties; hence, a high order of practical tendencies will be manifested where the forehead recedes to a certain degree, as shown in the face of Stanford.

As Comparison is a high trait, and one which brings its possessor into relation with the vast and comprehensive systems of Nature, it follows that its cultivation is of high importance. It cannot have full freedom of expansion so long as superstition and bigoted dogma are supreme. No, reader! Freedom of mind is opposed to the narrow restraints imposed by hide-bound creeds and venerable myths. No man can really enjoy the luxury of true and complete mental emancipation as long as he allows bigotry and superstition to control and fetter his mind. There is a happiness and ecstasy, an experience of mental exaltation, resulting from complete freedom from false theories and enslaving customs. Not until the last vestige of error and superstition has been reasoned out of one's mind can one realize this supernal condition. The only way we can understand God is through His works. How important, then, to cultivate that faculty which enables us to

realize the immensity and grandeur of the laws which explain and reveal them. The study of moral laws and the whole arcana of the sciences are of use in the development of Comparison and its twin sister, Causality. To be endowed by Nature with a large degree of Reason is to have inherited a liberal education, for Reason, supported by Conscientiousness, will establish in the character the supremacy of wisdom and justice.

INTUITION.

Definition.-Webster defines Intuition to be "a distinct inspection of the mind; direct apprehension or cognition; an act of immediate knowledge, as in perception or consciousness, distinguished from mediate knowledge, as in reasoning. Intuition

is spontaneity of cognition and action, based on spontaneous cognition."

An excess, an immoderate endowment of Intuition, is seldom developed. Where this is the case, it is probably the compensation for the absence of Reason, Observation, or Practicality. If it prove an annoyance the cultivation of these faculties will tend to balance the character.

A deficiency can be remedied by bathing, cleanliness, and purity, thinking more and feasting and sleeping less. By this course the nervous system will become more sensitive, aspiring, and spontaneous. The brain and nerves will develop new powers. Avoid gross eating and drinking, and all low, brutal, coarse sports and pursuits; associate with the pure and gifted,—with the refined and noble; observe their methods and ways of life, and imitate them. Read the works of the purest poets, artists, and scientists. Cultivate the highest and best in your mind. So shall the entire nature become higher, more refined, and sensitive.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-Inasmuch as inherited quality is the most marked sign of Intuition, observation of the quality of the skin, hair, and eyes will show that those who possess very fine hair, very bright eyes, and very fine, clear skin are more intuitive than those who are the opposite of this; but as the brain is a part of the nervous mechanism, we must look to its form and size, also, for signs of quality. As the eyes show by their form, size, and condition their capacity for receiving sensations, they also must be subjected to examination before rendering judgment as to the relative degree of Intuition. The capacity for receiving sensations is in accord with the development of the sense-organs, viz., the senses of touch, taste, sight, hearing, and scent. Now, if all these senses are of the highest order of acuteness and efficiency, it follows logically that one thus endowed will have ability for instan

taneous and spontaneous cognition of things observed. It also follows that if all of these organs are highly organized, the brain will partake of the same quality of fineness and capacity for receiving the impressions made upon the sense-organs through their several organs of sight, hearing, etc. This analysis shows us, then, that large, wide-open eyes of fine quality (shown by their brightness) are signs of the presence of Intuition, by reason of the greater expansion of the optic nerve, which is more expanded in a large eye than in a small one. The fineness of the skin and

FIG. 124.-CHARLOTTE BRONTE. (AUTHORÉSS.)

Born in England, 1816. Conspicuous facial sign, Intuition, shown by the dominance of the brain and nervous system, large, bright eyes, and fine quality. The oval chin and curving eyebrows announce artistic capacity. The domestic and moral traits in this face are well developed. Conscience, Firmness, Friendship, Mirth, Modesty, Benevolence, Love of Home, and of Young are noticeable. The mouth and eyes by their size denote large Language. In the nose the signs for literary talent are evident. Ideality, Sublimity, Analysis, Mental Imitation, Human Nature, Construction, Acquisition, Veneration, and Self-will are conspicuous. lation, Mental Order, and Time are well defined, while Intuition is pre-eminent. The talent of this character was of the most original and spontaneous nature. With a most limited knowledge of the world and people, Miss Bronté wrote some very remarkable novels; her powers were almost instinctive.

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hair are also signs of this faculty; so also is the large size of the forehead, if associated with fine quality. A pyriform shaped face, associated with large, wideopen eyes, is another very reliable indication of spontaneity of sensation and impression.

Bodily signs are those which show the supremacy of the brain and nerve system over the bony and muscular structures; espe cially if associated with small limbs, limbs, small and

spare hands and feet. A general sign is known by fineness and clearness of the skin; hence every part of the outer skin-cover

Form and Size are large; Locality, Observation, Calcu- ing will reveal the grade

of Intuition in any given individual. If the bony muscular, or thoracic sys tems are dominant, the skit

and hair fine, and the eyes bright, Intuition will be active in the direction to which each of these systems tends.

DESCRIPTION OF INTUITION.-Having thus given the physiologi cal and anatomical signs of that faculty which is perhaps under stood the least of all the mental powers, I shall proceed to analyze its sources, and shall show that this trait, which is considered by many to be of a nature transcending all others in its powers of appre hension and cognition, as well as being more "spiritualized" in its

operation, is just as much a part of the "fleshly tabernacle" which we inhabit as are all the other mental faculties. It is true that it is a trait dependent entirely upon inherited or transmitted quality; hence it is a condition of the body as a whole and not the special endowment of a single organ or system; for, although its primary signs are shown by the indications of the brain and nervous mechanisms, yet, where the signs for high quality of the brain and nerves are observed, an enhanced quality of the entire organism is always present. The same phenomenon is manifested throughout the animal kingdom. Ani

mals that disclose dull eyes, coarse skins and hair, exhibit relatively less intelligence, quickness of apprehension, and capacity for receiving spontaneous sensation than do those whose appearance is the reverse. Compare, for example, the various deer tribes with the cinnamon bear or hippopotamus, and the differences will be apparent at a glance.

Because of the difficulty in comprehending the action of Intuition, superficial observers have ascribed to it a supernatural origin, believing it to be allied in some mysterious

FIG. 125.-RICHARD OWEN. (NATURALIST, SUR-
GEON, AND WRITER.)

Born in England, 1804. Conspicuous facial sign, Intuition, shown by supremacy of the brain and nervous system, and large, bright eyes. The law of the straight líne, curve, and sphere governs this face. An amiable, moral, modest, persevering expression is here disclosed. The Quality is fine and Color well developed. The signs for Firmness, Conscience, and Benevolence are noticeable, while the wide mouth, full lips, and large, bright eyes evince fine linguistic capacity. Love of Home, of Country, and of Young are marked. Self-esteem is

manner with an incorporeal only average. The sense of Mirth and Wit is very de

nervous

"soul" or "spirit." Now, the brain and mechanisms are just as corporeal as are the heart, liver, and lungs, for they

cided. Friendship, Hospitality, Alimentiveness, and Sanativeness are large. The signs in the nose of Pneumativeness, Sublimity, Mental Imitation, Analysis, Construction, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will are highly developed. Form, Size, Locality, Weight, Observation, Credenciveness, Calculation, and Memory of Events are all of the first grade, while Reason and Intuition are pre-eminent. This character can take rank with the "mastodons" of learning and of usefulness.

all depend upon blood and tissue for their power to act, and if an exalted condition or quality of the former produces the phenomena observed in the action of intuitive cognition, then the trait is no more "spiritual" than are the operations of Hope, Constructiveness, or Reason, although to the casual observer it may seem more abstruse, occult, and mysterious.

All of the higher operations of the mind are more complex